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This multi-phased study investigates the learning outcomes of courses taught in the K-14 classroom. Specifically, the methods and practices teachers use to develop and encourage 21st Century Skills including critical thinking skills and technological fluency in all subject areas, STEM and non-STEM related, are of great interest. Currently, these skills are in high demand in fields which develop advanced materials and are the backbone of the National Academies-developed Frameworks for K-12 Science Education. Phase I participants in this study included high school and college educators while Phase II of the study will involve K-14 students. In this study, educators were asked to rate their teaching self-efficacy in two primary areas: critical thinking skills and technological fluency. This included questions related to components in their current curriculum as well as methods of assessment [e.g., rubrics]. The instrument created to measure self-efficacy was based on a modified 'Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument' (STEBI). All participants were from Connecticut. Results indicate that both STEM and non-STEM related subject areas offer an equally rich array of opportunities to effectively teach critical thinking and technological fluency at a variety of educational levels. The impact of Professional Development on teacher self-efficacy was of particular importance, especially in K-12 education. © 2013 Materials Research Society.
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In this review volume, the editors have included the state-of-the-art research and development in nano composites, and optical electronics written by experts in the field. In addition, it also covers applications for emerging technologies in High-Speed Electronics. In summary, topics covered in this volume includes various aspects of high performance materials and devices for implementing High-Speed Electronic systems. © 2019 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved.
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In this volume, we have put together papers spanning a broad range from the area of modeling of strain and misfit dislocation densities, microwave absorption characteristics of nanocomposites, to X-ray diffraction studies. Specific topics in this volume include: Modeling of strain relaxation and defect dynamics in buffer layers for semiconductor devices fabricated on lattice-mismatched substrates, which enables technology for advanced computer chips, multi-junction solar cells, detectors, and microwave transistors. Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are probabilistic circuit primitives that extract randomness from the physical characteristics of devices. One of the papers outlines PUF design based on resistor and capacitor variations for low pass filters (LoPUF). Spatial wavefunction switching (SWS) FETs, which can process 2-bits per FET using CMOS-SWS logic, thus enabling multivalued logic (MVL) and compact DRAMs. Perimeter gated single-photon avalanche diode (PGSPAD). The applied voltage at the gate terminal modulates the electric field, making it uniform throughout the junction. This gating technique is an efficient method to prevent premature edge breakdown, one of the major problems in operating avalanche photodiodes implemented in CMOS process. In summary, papers selected in this volume cover various aspects of high performance logic and circuits for high-speed electronic systems. © 2019 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Pores are naturally occurring entities in bone. Changes in pore size and number are often associated with diseases such as Osteoporosis and even microgravity during spaceflight. Studying bone perforations may yield great insight into bone's material properties, including bone density and may contribute to identifying therapies to halt or potentially reverse bone loss. Current technologies used in this field include nuclear magnetic resonance, micro-computed tomography and the field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) 2, 5. However, limitations in each method limit further advancement. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of using a new generation of analytical instruments, the TM-1000 tabletop, SEM with back-scatter electron (BSE) detector, to analyze cortical bone porosities. Hind limb unloaded and age-based controlled mouse femurs were extracted and tested in vitro for changes in pores on the periosteal surface. An important advantage of using the tabletop is the simplified sample preparation that excludes extra coatings, dehydration and fixation steps that are otherwise required for conventional SEM. For quantitative data, pores were treated as particles in order to use an analyze particles feature in the NIH ImageJ software. Several image-processing techniques for background smoothing, thresholding and filtering were employed to produce a binary image suitable for particle analysis. It was hypothesized that the unloaded bones would show an increase in pore area, as the lack of mechanical loading would affect bone-remodeling processes taking place in and around pores. Preliminary results suggest only a slight different in frequency but not in size of pores between unloaded and control femurs.
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We developed a curriculum to introduce nanotechnology and photonics concepts to community college students enrolled in a program designed to attract and retain students in technology associate degree programs. Working with the Center for Research on Interface Structures and Phenomena, an NSF Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, and the PHOTON projects, funded by the Advanced Technological Education program of NSF, we developed hands-on, inquiry-based activities to address the course goals: improve critical thinking, introduce science and technology concepts common to technology programs and provide opportunity to practice math skills in context. © 2010 SPIE.
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