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The TOMI consists of two 25-item, two-alternative, forced-choice scales - General Knowledge (TOMI-G) and Legal Knowledge (TOMI- L) - designed to detect malingered cognitive impairment in CST evaluations. The TOMI was derived and validated with a university sample (N = 242), with a cut score of < 21 providing maximum classification accuracy of hon est and dishonest respondents. Subsequently, the TOMI was administered to forensic inpatient residents (N = 30) and was compared to existing, well- established tests of malingering (the Rey-FIT and the TOMM). Results indi cated strong correlations and predictive agreement for both scales, and dis tinction between honest and probable dishonest respondents for the TOMI-L. A third study provided additional validation for the TOMI in distinguishing honest from dishonest student respondents (N = 120) and examined the ef fects of motivation on response style. For dishonest responders, those in the high motivation group scored significantly lower than those in the low moti vation group, further betraying their dishonesty. The utility of the TOMI as a useful, novel tool for forensic practitioners is discussed. Copyright 2008 American Journal of Forensic Psychology.
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Investigators are continually faced with the task of detecting deception. Assessment Criteria Indicative of Deception (ACID) is a system of interviewing and credibility assessment that maximizes verbal cues to detect deception, and teaches content analysis that highlights attempts to withhold, distort, or manipulate information. The ACID technique has been successful in discriminating honest from deceptive statements when credibility determinations are made either by statistical methods or trained raters. Unfortunately, the training has required several hours and application has required the time-consuming process of transcription. The current study demonstrates the utility of ACID following a brief training, and compares the credibility ratings made from analysis of transcripts to the credibility ratings made from the analysis of audio recordings. Twenty-nine university undergraduate and graduate students read or listened to a series of eight transcripts. Raters were provided with accounts before training and 4 accounts after training. Prior to training, raters performed at 55% accuracy. Following training, raters performed at 71% accuracy. Additionally, there was an untrained control group that performed at 53% accuracy. Of note, the post-training performance was identical for accounts presented in written and audio formats. In sum, the ACID technique was reliable, valid, easy to train, and showed that accurate decisions can be made from simple audio recordings. Copyright 2013 American Journal of Forensic Psychology,.
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One hundred and eight participants either stole or replaced a stolen exam key from a professor's office. Half of the participants were instructed to respond honestly and to help with an investigation; the other half were instructed to distort their statement so they were not implicated. Participants did not know whether they would be asked to lie or report honestly during their time in the professor's office. After completing the task, participants again met with a research assistant, who instructed them whether to lie or respond honestly at a one-week follow-up. After the interview, participants completed a Likert-type post-event questionnaire. Deceivers reported significantly more anxiety and motivation not to get caught while in the office, even though there were no differences in the instructions given to the two groups until after participants left the office. Therefore, the act of deception changed their memory for their time in the office. This is important theoretically because it suggests that forming a lie script could be akin to other memories for counterfactual thinking. Practically, it is important to note that a deceptive perpetrator or detainee may never be able to actually provide an accurate account. Copyright 2011 American Journal of Forensic Psychology.
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