Your search
Results 2 resources
-
Energy burden, defined as the proportion of household income spent on residential energy, represents an important yet frequently overlooked dimension of housing affordability. Conventional affordability metrics typically focus on rent or mortgage payments while neglecting the ongoing costs of energy consumption, which obscures structural forms of housing insecurity that disproportionately affect low-income and marginalized households. This paper presents a narrative review of interdisciplinary scholarship from energy policy, housing studies, urban planning, and environmental justice to examine how housing inequality functions as a systemic driver of energy burden. Drawing on the environmental justice framework of distributive, procedural, and recognitional justice, the review demonstrates that energy burden is not simply a household-level financial challenge but a structural outcome shaped by unequal housing markets, aging and inefficient housing stock, tenure insecurity, and fragmented policy governance. The synthesis also shows that existing housing and energy policies, particularly energy efficiency incentives and affordability criteria, often privilege homeowners while excluding renters, informal housing residents, and other vulnerable groups. By integrating insights from environmental justice theory with housing policy debates, this study reframes affordable housing as a critical site for addressing energy inequality. The paper concludes by proposing a novel justice-informed conceptual framework that repositions affordable housing as a primary site for energy justice intervention and provides a roadmap for more equitable housing and energy policy design.
-
Climate change is increasingly destabilizing affordable housing systems by transforming occasional disaster-related damage into a persistent driver of housing loss and displacement. Low-income households and renters are disproportionately exposed to climate-related hazards because historically affordable housing has often been developed in areas vulnerable to flooding, extreme heat, and wildfires. In the United States, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) administers major climate adaptation initiatives through its Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs. Although these programs are primarily designed to reduce disaster risk and financial losses, their broader implications for housing affordability and community stability remain insufficiently examined. This narrative policy review synthesizes interdisciplinary research on disaster risk reduction, climate adaptation, housing affordability, and equity governance to examine how FEMA hazard mitigation funding influences affordable housing outcomes in climate-vulnerable communities. The review finds that widely used mitigation strategies, particularly property acquisition and demolition, can unintentionally reduce the supply of affordable housing and displace tenants without guaranteeing replacement housing. In contrast, in-situ mitigation and community-scale resilience measures that could preserve housing stability are less frequently implemented. Institutional barriers further complicate the integration of housing affordability goals within hazard mitigation policy. These barriers include benefit–cost analysis frameworks that undervalue social outcomes, fragmented governance between emergency management and housing institutions, and short planning horizons that overlook long-term housing impacts. By synthesizing these insights, the article reframes hazard mitigation as an investment in social infrastructure and proposes a housing-centered framework for climate adaptation policy. The findings highlight that preserving affordable housing and preventing displacement must become central objectives within hazard mitigation strategies to ensure equitable and effective climate resilience. Without housing stability, climate adaptation programs risk exacerbating the very vulnerabilities they are intended to address.