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The relation between premorbid social competence and outcome was examined in 448 (228 male and 220 female) first-admission, nonschizophrenic, state-hospital patients. For both sexes, higher social competence was related to more favorable outcome as reflected in shorter initial hospitalizations and shorter rehospitalizations. Consistent with a developmental formulation, these results provide further evidence that the relation between premorbid competence and outcome is not unique to schizophrenia but can be found for patients of both sexes across a range of diagnoses. © 1986 American Psychological Association.
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Students from the 5th, 8th, and 11th grades (55 male and 53 female) were asked to describe their ideal self-image. Analyses revealed a number of gender and developmental differences not found with other self-image measures. A greater proportion of females than males mentioned two of the categories related to family life: marriage and improving relations with their family of origin. Mentions of categories surrounding athletics were more prevalent among males. Grade level differences in the content of the ideal self-image reflected cognitive-developmental shifts away from concrete descriptors, changes in physical maturity and the heightened importance of peer relationships around adolescence, and the approach of developmental milestones. Fewer students mentioned physical appearance at higher grade levels. Mentions of athletic abilities and social acceptance peaked at the 8th grade, while mentions of college, marriage, and having children rose at higher grade levels. Differences in the content areas mentioned by average versus advanced track students appeared to reflect differences in both cognitive-developmental level and socialization experiences. © 1990 Plenum Publishing Corporation.
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The relation between premorbid social competence and outcome was examined with 381 male state hospital patients in four diagnostic categories: schizophrenia, affective reaction, psychoneurotic disorder, and personality disorder. Outcome was assessed using the measures of length of initial hospitaliz
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The study compared 71 patients diagnosed as schizophrenic or within the schizophrenia spectrum according to the second edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-II) with 66 patients who received similar diagnoses according to the third edition of the same manual (DSM-III). On measures of premorbid competence and role orientation, DSM-II and DSM-III schizophrenic patients obtained comparable scores. The DSM-III patients with schizophrenic versus schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses also obtained comparable scores on these measures. The gender differences in premorbid competence and role orientation that have consistently characterized DSM-II schizophrenics continued to characterize DSM-III schizophrenic and schizophrenia spectrum patients. The results suggest that findings previously obtained with DSM-II schizophrenics concerning premorbid competence and role orientation can be generalized to DSM-III schizophrenics. © 1987 American Psychological Association.
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Earlier studies have demonstrated a significant relation between scores on the Physical Anhedonia Scale-but not on the Perceptual Aberration Scale-and premorbid social adjustment in schizophrenics (Chapman, Chapman, & Raulin, 1976, 1978; Schuck, Leventhal, Rothstein, & Irizarry, 1984). A similar relation between scores on these 2 scales and interpersonal competence in college students has also been noted (Beckfield, 1985; Haberman, Chapman, Numbers, & McFall, 1979; Numbers & Chapman, 1982). The present study extends this work by examining the relation of premorbid adjustment to scores on these 2 scales among young, nonpsychotic psychiatric inpatients. Consistent with the earlier findings, anhedonic Ss had poorer premorbid social competence when compared with nonanhedonic Ss, whereas no relation was found between scores on perceptual aberration and premorbid social competence.
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