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  • Coastal areas provide many co-benefits associated with their natural infrastructure, facilitating activities such as fishing, industry, tourism and transportation, for instance (Barragán & de Andrés, 2015; Sutton-Grier, Wowk & Bamford, 2015). Despite occupying a relatively small percentage of the Earth's land surface, the value of the ecosystems’ services of coastal areas is more than one-third of the total for the globe (Barbier et al., 2011; Barragán & de Andrés, 2015). However, while the goods and services provided by coastal ecosystems are essential for economic and social well-being (Mavrommati, Bithas & Panayiotidis, 2013), coastal ecosystems are increasingly at risk. As a direct result of intensive resource use and of concentrations of population, coastal ecosystems increasingly demonstrate direct and adverse impacts of human activities (Swaney et al., 2012). Increasing population growth, movement of populations towards the coast and the increase in coastal development have led to an increase in pressure on, and degradation of, coastal ecosystems (Duxbury & Dickinson, 2007). For large coastal cities, interactions between human activities and coastal systems are intensified due to population density effects and associated economic activities (Mavrommati et al., 2013). In many parts of the world, coastal natural habitats are declining and overexploited coastal resources are dwindling, with associated impacts on ecosystems and on the livelihoods dependent on these (Mee, 2012). © 2019 selection and editorial matter, C. Patrick Heidkamp and John Morrissey.

  • Hartford, the state capital of Connecticut, is a typical example of a former manufacturing oriented1 industrial city and, like much of the urban northeastern United States, has gone through a period of economic deindustrialization and consequent urban decay. Since the departure of the manufacturing base, Hartford has refocused its economic development on the service economy, and first and foremost, the insurance industry. The city even proclaims itself the “insurance capital of the world.” Yet, even though the insurance industry as well as other service oriented development strategies (a new convention center, science museum, and retail developments) have been quite successful in fostering economic activity and attracting employees (mostly residents of the surrounding suburbs commuting into white collar jobs), the spatial manifestations of deindustrialization are still visible and persistent in the physical as well as the social fabric of the city. © 2012 Neil Reid, Jay D. Gatrell and Paula S. Ross All rights reserved.

Last update from database: 3/13/26, 4:15 PM (UTC)

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