Your search

Contactless services have become a common way for public libraries to provide services. As a result, the strategy used by public libraries in China will effectively stop the spread of epidemics caused by human touch and will serve as a model for other libraries throughout the world. The primary goal of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the contactless service measures provided by large Chinese public libraries for users in the pandemic era, as well as the challenges and countermeasures for providing such services. The data for this study was obtained using a combination of website investigation, content analysis, and telephone interviews for an analytical survey study of 128 large public libraries in China. The study finds that touch-free information dissemination, remote resources use, no-touch interaction self-services, network services, online reference, and smart services without personal interactions are among the contactless services available in Chinese public libraries. Exploring the current state of contactless services in large public libraries in China will help to fill a need for empirical attention to contactless services in libraries and the public sector. Up-to-date information to assist libraries all over the world in improving their contactless services implementation and practices is provided. © 2022.

In modern-day computing, cloud services are widely used in every aspect of life. So, user satisfaction depends on the effectiveness and efficiency of cloud services. Service broker policy of the cloud maintains the effectiveness and efficiency of cloud services. Service broker policy provides the rules and norms based on which a data center is selected for a userbase request. This paper proposes a genetic algorithm-based service broker policy that provides the optimal sequence of data centers for different userbases based on their requirements. This research aims to find an optimal data center for userbases that can achieve user satisfaction by minimizing the cloud service's response time and data processing time. We have experimented with our proposed genetic algorithm-based service broker policy in the CloudAnalyst platform based on different real-world scenarios. Simulation results indicate that our proposed genetic algorithm outperforms existing traditional algorithms. © 2023 IEEE.

The implementation of electrochemical systems such as fuel cells has been hindered by the slow development of low cost high activity catalysts. Here we examine the oxygen reduction reaction performance of a combinatorial Pd-Au-Ag-Ti thin film library using high-throughput screening and correlate the electrochemical behavior to the crystallographic properties. We find compositions of ca. 40-60 at% Pd and 30-35 at% Au exhibit both a low overpotential of close to the value of pure Pt as well as high current density. We also observe a volcano-like relationship between the overpotential and the solid formation strain. This study provides compositional guidance towards the future synthesis of nanostructured quaternary Pd-Au-Ag-Ti alloys and suggests the potential for broader application of high-throughput electrochemical characterization by means of an automatic scanning droplet cell. © The Royal Society of Chemistry.

As librarianship evolves, it is important to examine the changes that have taken place in professional requirements. To provide an understanding of the current market demand for core competencies of librarianship, this article conducts a semi-automatic methodology to analyze job advertisements (ads) posted on the American Library Association (ALA) Joblist from 2009 through 2014. There is evidence that the ability to solve unexpected complex problems and to provide superior customer service gained increasing importance for librarians during those years. The authors contend that the findings in this report question the status quo of core competencies of librarianship in the US job market.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of public digital services on urban/suburban residents, to uncover the current usage of public digital services and levels of satisfaction with the digital resources/content in urban digital libraries (networked computers with specific information infrastructure designed free for public use). Design/methodology/approach - A qualitative approach is used as a main stream in the research framework as the method of inquiry. Qualitative one-to-one interviews include surveying users who use public library websites, observing the users, consulting librarians about the users, and interviewing the users. Findings - Provides demographic patterns of the patron's interaction with the digital services public libraries provide, and the satisfaction and compliances the residents have regarding information access through the digital technology in urban/suburban Connecticut. Practical implications - Because of the small number of participants, this study has limitations in being generalized to an understanding of overall patterns of urban residents using digital resources in public settings in the USA or elsewhere, however, it could be a good pilot study for a nation-wide survey with the methods tested. Originality/value - This study helps fulfill the scant empirical attention given to the impact access to public digital information or use of digital library services on the urban/suburban residents, offers new data that help public library administrators enhance the impact, efficiency and value of the public digital library services to improve the digital learning environments for life-long education at all levels in a broad community of urban-suburban users. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Background: Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), but their relationships to nigrostriatal degeneration remain largely unexplored. Methods: We evaluated 18 NMS scores covering 5 major domains in relation to concurrent and future dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging in 344 PD patients from the Parkinson's Progression and Markers Initiative (PPMI). We standardized NMS assessments into z-scores for side-by-side comparisons. Patients underwent sequential DaTSCAN imaging at enrollment and at months 12, 24, and 48. Specific binding ratios (SBR) were calculated using the occipital lobe reference region. We evaluated the association of striatal DAT binding at the four time points with each baseline NMS using mixed-effects regression models. Results: Multiple baseline NMS were significantly associated with DAT binding at baseline and at follow-up scans. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) symptoms showed the strongest association – mean striatal SBR declined with increasing RBD symptom z-score (average of time-point-specific slopes per unit change in z-score: βAVG = −0.083, SE = 0.017; p < 0.0001). In addition, striatal DAT binding was linearly associated with increasing baseline z-scores: positively for the memory (βAVG=0.055, SE = 0.022; p = 0.01) and visuospatial (βAVG=0.044, SE = 0.020; p = 0.03) cognitive domains, and negatively for total anxiety (βAVG= −0.059, SE = 0.018; p = 0.001). Striatal DAT binding showed curvilinear associations with odor identification, verbal discrimination recognition, and autonomic dysfunction z-scores (p = 0.001, p = 0.0009, and p = 0.0002, respectively). Other NMS were not associated with DAT binding. Conclusions: Multiple NMS, RBD symptoms in particular, are associated with nigrostriatal dopaminergic changes in early PD. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Whole-body dynamic fluoro-D-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging through continuous-bed-motion (CBM) mode multi-pass acquisition protocol is a promising metabolism measurement. However, inter-pass misalignment originating from body movement could degrade parametric quantification. We aim to apply a non-rigid registration method for inter-pass motion correction in whole-body dynamic PET. 27 subjects underwent a 90-min whole-body FDG CBM PET scan on a Biograph mCT (Siemens Healthineers), acquiring 9 over-the-heart single-bed passes and subsequently 19 CBM passes (frames). The inter-pass motion correction was executed using non-rigid image registration with multi-resolution, B-spline free-form deformations. The parametric images were then generated by Patlak analysis. The overlaid Patlak slope K_i and y-intercept V_b images were visualized to qualitatively evaluate motion impact and correction effect. The normalized weighted mean-squared Patlak fitting errors (NFEs) were compared in the whole body, head, and hypermetabolic regions of interest (ROIs). In K_i images, ROI statistics were collected and malignancy discrimination capacity was estimated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). After the inter-pass motion correction was applied, the spatial misalignment appearance between K_i and V_b images was successfully reduced. Voxel-wise normalized fitting error maps showed global error reduction after motion correction. The NFE in the whole body ( p \,\,= 0.0013), head ( p \,\,= 0.0021), and ROIs ( p \,\,= 0.0377) significantly decreased. The visual performance of each hypermetabolic ROI in K_i images was enhanced, while 3.59% and 3.67% average absolute percentage changes were observed in mean and maximum K_i values, respectively, across all evaluated ROIs. The estimated mean K_i values had substantial changes with motion correction ( p \,\,= 0.0021). The AUC of both mean K_i and maximum K_i after motion correction increased, possibly suggesting the potential of enhancing oncological discrimination capacity through inter-pass motion correction.

The purpose of this study is to learn more about virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) practices at the United States’ top one hundred university libraries, as well as how they are engaging with the metaverse. We conducted qualitative and descriptive analysis on the websites of the top one hundred university libraries in the United States to determine the application fields and application proportions of VR and AR technologies and found good practice examples of using VR and AR technologies in this field. The findings show that 86 percent of the top one hundred US university libraries have implemented VR and AR technologies, with practice areas focused on: VR/AR studio and VR/AR makerspace; immersive learning services and virtual exhibitions/conference services; visual geographic information system and VR navigation services; virtual reading services and visual retrieval services; and VR reference services. The study provides university library administrators and professionals with the most up-to-date information and best practices of VR and AR engagement areas and the proportion of use, which can aid in the development of strategies to leverage VR and AR technologies to improve patron service and embrace the metaverse for the communities they serve.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the measures employed in the provision of patron services in Chinese academic libraries responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, noting the challenges and issues inherent in providing substantial services while undergoing a public health emergency. Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses an analytical survey study of 137 Chinese academic libraries using data collected through a combination of website investigation, social media access and direct correspondences. Findings: Over 94% of Chinese academic libraries released COVID-19-related information through their websites; the majority switched their service focus to partly or solely remotely online, including remote access, free electronic resources, virtual references reachable 24/7 and research support services deliverable online; services of print materials were altered to e-books for conveniences. Research limitations/implications: It should be noted that the survey was conducted from February 12 to April 5, 2020; because of the rapid updates to the library's website and social media channels, the status of their patron services are in the process of dynamic changes and that there should be many libraries that have adopted some patron service methods, but this study is difficult to cover comprehensively. In addition, patron services carried out offline by the surveyed libraries but not disclosed on the online platform could not be analyzed in a way that would be consistent with the data provided by the survey. Originality/value: By providing evidence of the current status of patron services in Chinese academic libraries during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study helps fulfill the scant empirical attention given to the impact of nationwide public health crises on academic libraries and offers new data of the best practices that help library administrators enhance the impact, efficiency and value of library services to their target community users. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.

This project aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale measuring Chinese preservice physical education teachers’ beliefs about the physical education profession (PPET-BPEP). The domains and items were created from a conceptual analysis of the previous literature and PPETs’ responses to an open-ended survey. Six experts in the field of physical education and educational psychology evaluated the content validity of the scale. The reliability and factorial validity of the scale were examined utilizing a sample of 696 Chinese PPETs. The PPET-BPEP scale with 12 items embedded in two domains revealed acceptable content validity, internal structure validity, and internal consistency. The two domains were labeled as “sense of calling” and “value of physical education profession” based on the shared content of items in each domain. We recommend using PPET-BPEP scale for PPET recruitment and preparation. The scale can also help establish teacher belief scales in other subject matters. Future validation of the scale is needed in different countries and institutions.

Metallic alloys are normally composed of multiple constituent elements in order to achieve integration of a plurality of properties required in technological applications. However, conventional alloy development paradigm, by sequential trial-and-error approach, requires completely unrelated strategies to optimize compositions out of a vast phase space, making alloy development time consuming and labor intensive. Here, we challenge the conventional paradigm by proposing a combinatorial strategy that enables parallel screening of a multitude of alloys. Utilizing a typical metallic glass forming alloy system Zr-Cu-Al-Ag as an example, we demonstrate how glass formation and antibacterial activity, two unrelated properties, can be simultaneously characterized and the optimal composition can be efficiently identified. We found that in the Zr-Cu-Al-Ag alloy system fully glassy phase can be obtained in a wide compositional range by co-sputtering, and antibacterial activity is strongly dependent on alloy compositions. Our results indicate that antibacterial activity is sensitive to Cu and Ag while essentially remains unchanged within a wide range of Zr and Al. The proposed strategy not only facilitates development of high-performing alloys, but also provides a tool to unveil the composition dependence of properties in a highly parallel fashion, which helps the development of new materials by design.

This chapter first reviews the research and applications of nonresonance and resonance Raman spectroscopy for analysis of human brain normal and abnormal tissues. Next, special emphasis is made on our recent achievements of visible resonance Raman (VRR) technique in primary human brain tumor disease investigation and diagnosis. Visible resonance Raman (VRR) spectroscopy technique uses excitation of visible light (532 nm) to evaluate the resonant and nonresonant molecular vibrational modes in biological tissues. The VRR signal intensities are enhanced by two to three orders of magnitude for faster use in medical applications in quasi real time. VRR opens up a new stainless “molecular optics based histopathology” diagnosis approach. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

We report sol-gel process of Pb5Ge3O11 (PGO) as well as the microstructure and physical properties of ferroelectric PGO films for memory applications. The PGO sol was prepared from lead acetate hydrate, germanium isopropoxide, and di(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether. The reactions taking place during the sol-gel process were examined in detail, Diethanolamine (DEA) was added to help maintain the desired species ratio and prevent germanium oxide precipitation. The preferred orientation of the PGO thin films was well controlled by the heating and reflux procedures in the sol-gel preparation process. Additionally, to examine the impact of post-deposition processing, selected samples were oxygen annealed at temperatures ranging from 450-650°C. The samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), non-contact (planview) atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM). The resulting data indicate that the microstructure and physical properties of PGO films depend strongly on the precursor preparation as well as the post deposition annealing temperature.

Measurement of students’ peer assessment motivation is critical to understand how they participate in such activities in higher education. The current study was conducted to develop and validate a brief scale that measures student peer assessment motivation in higher education using the Expectancy-Value Theory (EVT). Initial items were developed, revised, and administered to 369 students. Exploratory factor analyses suggested a three-factor model structure (ability belief, expectancy, and task value) aligning with EVT. Confirmatory factor analyses (n = 399) supported a higher-order factor structure with the three first-order factors (i.e. ability belief, expectancy, and task value) with a decent model fit. The 20-items Peer Assessment Motivation Scale (PAMS) had decent internal reliability, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity, suggesting that it is a high-quality measure. This scale is beneficial for instructors and researchers who are interested in investigating peer assessment motivation in higher education.

A new criterion was developed to characterize brain tissue using resonance Raman spectroscopy, by which, negative margins of cancer can be differentiated from normal tissues. This method may help a surgeon better decide surgical margins. © OSA 2017.

To ensure the function of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), nodes that fail to forward packets must be localized efficiently and then fixed or replaced promptly. The state-of-the-art work frames lossy node localization in WSNs as an optimal sequential testing problem guided by end-to-end data. It combines both the active and passive measurements to minimize the testing cost and the number of iterations. However, this hybrid approach has many limitations. Inspired by the success of coverage-based software debugging, and the similarity between software debugging and lossy node localization, we propose a coverage-based lossy node detection for WSNs. Supported by established statistic theories, this approach greatly boosts the performance. Experiments on randomly generated networks and deployed networks show that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce testing cost and number of iterations, which are the two optimization goals of previous work. We expect to use this approach for other diagnostic problems in WSNs. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the ways in which physical education teacher education (PETE) prepares preservice physical education teachers (PPETs) to select and implement appropriate assessments.Methods: PPETs (N = 14) enrolled in the secondary teaching methods course at two US universities participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews were completed to collect data concerning how assessment knowledge and skills were taught and learned. Constant content comparison method was used to analyze the data.Results: Two major themes with varying sub-themes emerged from the data: ‘Scratching the surface of assessment with unclear learning objectives’, and ‘Perceiving the importance of assessment, but still not integrate it into instruction’ Overall, assessment was not found to conjunctionally taught with instruction. School-based field experiences pertaining to assessment content and pedagogical knowledge were also weak.Conclusions: Minimum assessment knowledge and skills were taught in secondary methods courses with little field experience pertaining to assessment. Future research is needed on examining PETE program content and pedagogy courses to highlight the need for assessment instruction and transform our approaches to preparing PPETs.