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Glioma is the most common brain neoplasm that features aggressive behavior with a dismal prognosis. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene mutation in glioma is an early genetic event in gliomagenesis that occurs in virtually every tumor cell and can cause profound metabolic changes. In this manuscript, we report for the first time the analysis of Raman optical signatures of IDH genotypes for human glioma using visible resonance Raman (VRR) spectroscopy. We demonstrated that VRR is a rapid, label-free, and objective method as an alternative to the existing methods for the rapid intraoperative determination of IDH mutation status with high accuracy. This study shows AI-assisted VRR has the potential to provide a new optical molecular biomarker and perform early diagnosis of glioma, which is of great importance for current guiding surgical strategies and even for targeting in situ therapies in the future. © 2026 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
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BACKGROUND: Following greater than or equal to 48-h intubation, one-third of acute respiratory failure (ARF) patients aspirate. Laryngeal edema has been identified as a potentially modifiable risk factor of post-extubation aspiration. The aim of this case-control study was to characterize the anatomical distribution of post-extubation laryngeal edema and to correlate anatomical laryngeal edema severity with aspiration risk in ARF survivors. The study also assessed whether patient weakness influenced the relationship between laryngeal edema and aspiration risk. METHODS: Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) videos from 120 patients (60 aspirators, 60 non-aspirators) were obtained from a previous multicenter observational study. Laryngeal edema was rated in eight locations using the Revised Patterson Edema Scale (RPES). Aspiration status was determined by a clinical rater core, and patient weakness was assessed using peak cough flow and pharyngeal medialization outcomes. Bivariate associations with aspiration were tested using Fisher's exact tests. Logistic regression models were used to test for associations between anatomical laryngeal edema severity and risk of aspiration. Logistic regression models were fit to explore whether weakness modified the relationship between edema and aspiration risk. RESULTS: The strongest anatomic predictor of post-extubation aspiration was the presence of aryepiglottic fold edema (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 5.74, p = 0.009, FDR-adjusted p = 0.073). Weakness independently increased aspiration risk [aOR = 3.93 (95%CI = 1.42, 11.9), p = 0.011], but without evidence of an interaction effect with edema (p = 0.15). CONCLUSION: These findings can inform future research studying the influence of laryngeal edema on aspiration risk, as well as interventional studies aimed at reducing adverse outcomes associated with laryngeal edema. © 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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Background: Following greater than or equal to 48-h intubation, one-third of acute respiratory failure (ARF) patients aspirate. Laryngeal edema has been identified as a potentially modifiable risk factor of post-extubation aspiration. The aim of this case–control study was to characterize the anatomical distribution of post-extubation laryngeal edema and to correlate anatomical laryngeal edema severity with aspiration risk in ARF survivors. The study also assessed whether patient weakness influenced the relationship between laryngeal edema and aspiration risk. Methods: Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) videos from 120 patients (60 aspirators, 60 non-aspirators) were obtained from a previous multicenter observational study. Laryngeal edema was rated in eight locations using the Revised Patterson Edema Scale (RPES). Aspiration status was determined by a clinical rater core, and patient weakness was assessed using peak cough flow and pharyngeal medialization outcomes. Bivariate associations with aspiration were tested using Fisher’s exact tests. Logistic regression models were used to test for associations between anatomical laryngeal edema severity and risk of aspiration. Logistic regression models were fit to explore whether weakness modified the relationship between edema and aspiration risk. Results: The strongest anatomic predictor of post-extubation aspiration was the presence of aryepiglottic fold edema (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 5.74, p = 0.009, FDR-adjusted p = 0.073). Weakness independently increased aspiration risk [aOR = 3.93 (95%CI = 1.42, 11.9), p = 0.011], but without evidence of an interaction effect with edema (p = 0.15). Conclusion: These findings can inform future research studying the influence of laryngeal edema on aspiration risk, as well as interventional studies aimed at reducing adverse outcomes associated with laryngeal edema. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026.
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The same dataset can be analysed in different justifiable ways to answer the same research question, potentially challenging the robustness of empirical science1-3. In this crowd initiative, we investigated the degree to which research findings in the social and behavioural sciences are contingent on analysts' choices. We examined a stratified random sample of 100 studies published between 2009 and 2018, in which, for one claim per study, at least five reanalysts independently reanalysed the original data. The statistical appropriateness of the reanalyses was assessed in peer evaluations, and the robustness indicators were inspected along a range of research characteristics and study designs. We found that 34% of the independent reanalyses yielded the same result (within a tolerance region of ±0.05 Cohen's d) as the original report; with a four times broader tolerance region, this indicator increased to 57%. Of the reanalyses conducted, 74% reached the same conclusion as the original investigation, 24% yielded no effects or inconclusive results and 2% reported the opposite effect. This exploratory study indicates that the common single-path analyses in social and behavioural research should not be simply assumed to be robust to alternative analyses4. Therefore, we recommend the development and use of practices to explore and communicate this neglected source of uncertainty. © 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
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