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Globally, air pollution accounts for approximately one in eight deaths, and diarrheal diseases account for one in nine child deaths annually. Lead exposure contributes to concerns of heart disease, stroke, and developmental intellectual disability. Further, across the world, nearly 23 million people are displaced by extreme weather events each year, which have been exacerbated by climate change and contribute to physical and mental health implications for entire communities. These and many other environmentally related experiences and their subsequent health outcomes are not experienced equally by race, ethnicity, or income, with Black, Brown, and Indigenous communities and low-income communities repeatedly experiencing the heaviest of burdens. Due to a variety of historic and contemporary policy and planning decisions, these patterns of environmental injustice persist on local, national, and global scales. In response, environmental justice (EJ) is a social movement, as well as a belief that people of all backgrounds deserve access to clean air and water and a healthy community in which to thrive. This chapter heavily focuses on the USA and its environmental health inequities, policies, and historic EJ movement. However, in our globalized society, EJ is a global issue that must be addressed as such by the field of public health.
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Addressing the issues of water insecurity and unequal access to water has been a priority of the Sustainable Development Goals. Poor sanitation and inadequate access to drinking water are the second leading causes of death among children worldwide. Access to safe drinking water is a fundamental human right. Climate change represents one of public health’s greatest challenges and significantly exacerbates health disparities. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 3.6 billion people reside in areas highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Furthermore, climate change is anticipated to result in roughly 250,000 additional deaths each year between 2030 and 2050. In the United States, climate impacts such as severe storms and floods, escalating wildfires, extreme heat, poor air quality, and diminishing access to food and water disproportionately endanger Black, Brown, and Indigenous communities, low-income groups, people with disabilities, women, children, older adults, and others, making them more susceptible to the harmful health effects of climate change. The formulation and implementation of climate policies are essential to address the negative impacts of climate change. This chapter aims to: (a) describe the effects of climate change on access to safe drinking water; (b) emphasize the implications of climate change on drinking water disparities; (c) highlight policies to mitigate the effects of climate change; and d) discuss recommendations to tackle climate change and inequities in access to water. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.
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Mobile health apps have been widely considered in the healthcare sector as innovative channels to reach patients and their families. Accordingly, the aim of the chapter was to investigate factors that influence the customers' adoption of digital health apps in Algeria. The authors adopted an extende...
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