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The green, sustainable, and inexpensive creation of novel materials, primarily nanoparticles, with effective energy-storing properties, is key to addressing both the rising demand for energy storage and the mounting environmental concerns throughout the world. Here, an orange peel extract is used to make cobalt oxide nanoparticles from cobalt nitrate hexahydrate. The orange peel extract has Citrus reticulata, which is a key biological component that acts as a ligand and a reducing agent during the formation of nanoparticles. Additionally, the same nanoparticles were also obtained from various precursors for phase and electrochemical behavior comparisons. The prepared Co-nanoparticles were also sulfurized and phosphorized to enhance the electrochemical properties. The synthesized samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopic and X-ray diffraction techniques. The cobalt oxide nanoparticle showed a specific capacitance of 90 F/g at 1 A/g, whereas the cobalt sulfide and phosphide samples delivered an improved specific capacitance of 98 F/g and 185 F/g at 1 A/g. The phosphide-based nanoparticles offer more than 85% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles. This study offers a green strategy to prepare nanostructured materials for energy applications.
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Composites of MnO2/multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared using different weight ratios of MWCNTs: KMnO4 (1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, and 1:25) using a one-pot hydrothermal method. The synthesized materials were physically characterized by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) BET, and thermogravimetric analysis. TEM and SEM studies indicate that MnO2 is homogeneously entangled with MWCNTs. The electrochemical performance evaluation was performed in a 3-electrode system using MnO2/MWCNT electrodes coated onto a Ni mesh as the working electrode, a Pt foil as the counter electrode, and Ag/AgCl as the reference electrode. The specific capacitance was obtained from charge–discharge studies at varying current densities between 0.5 and 5 A/g. The specific capacitance of MWCNT-KMnO4 (1:10, 1:15, and 1:25) samples was obtained as 114, 164, and 100 F/g, respectively, at a current density of 1 A/g.
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Supercapacitors are considered some of the best electrochemical energy storage systems due to their high power and energy density, fast charge–discharge capabilities, and longer cycleability, compared to regular capacitors. In this paper, we report the synthesis of hybrid MnO2/CuS/reduced graphene oxide (MC-rGO) materials via a simple chemical route and characterized them to examine different properties. The focus of this article is to examine the effect of binder concentrations on the electrochemical properties of the supercapacitor electrodes, prepared using the synthesized hybrid materials. We used 5%, 10%, and 15% (wt.%) polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binders to prepare the electrodes. We prepared the slurry of MC-rGO material using synthesized cathode materials, carbon black, and PVDF in 75:10:15, 80:10:10, and 85:10:5 wt.%. The specific capacitance with 5%, 10%, and 15% binders was found to be 176.33 F/g, 161.34 F/g, and 149.55 F/g, respectively, at 0.5 A/g current density. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
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Supercapacitors or electrochemical capacitors are receiving greater interest because of their high-power density, long life, and low maintenance. We have synthesized CuS nanoparticles and graphene oxide (CuS-GO) nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications because of their low cost and excellent electrochemical properties. The phase purity of each material was determined using powder XRD studies. The bandgap was determined by UV-visible spectrophotometric studies. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images revealed the nano-scale morphology of the synthesized particles. All the electrochemical measurements were conducted in a standard three-electrode configuration, using a platinum wire as the counter electrode and Hg/HgO as the reference electrode. CuS and its composites with graphene oxide on nickel foam were used as working electrodes. All the electrochemical measurements were performed in 3M KOH solution. The CuS-GO nanocomposite electrode showed a specific capacitance of 250 F/g, 225 F/g, 182 F/g, 166 F/g, 161 F/g, and 158 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g, 1 A/g, 5 A/g, 10 A/g, 15 A/g, and 20 A/g, respectively. CuS-GO electrodes showed a specific capacitance retention of 70% after 5000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 5 A/g. © 2020 Author(s).
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CuS and CuS-rGO nanocomposites were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The synthesized CuS and rGO-CuS nanocomposite materials were physically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and were evaluated electrochemically for supercapacitor applications. The specific capacitance of CuS was determined to be 207 F/g, 150 F/g, and 97 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g, 5 A/g, and 20 A/g, respectively. The rGO-CuS nanocomposite showed improved specific capacitance of 350 F/g, 251 F/g, and 149 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g, 5 A/g, and 20 A/g, respectively.
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