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The authors argue that there have been moments in American history when a class analysis entered into popular discourse. What has been "exceptional" about American history is the manner in which that class analysis emerged. When Americans speak the language of "class" and "class warfare," it is often clothed in the rhetoric of labor republicanism. That is, rather than offering a systemic analysis of capitalist processes, American labor republicanism offers a class analysis that sets a small set of bad acting "elites" and their dependents against the mass of American workers. The authors trace this discourse from Franklin Roosevelt's 1936 description of "economic royalists" to Lou Dobbs's nativist attack on "corporate elites" and undocumented workers. As the United States enters a new period of "class awareness" and economic crisis, this republicanism returns to haunt public discourse. © 2010 UALE.

For Vietnamese scholars in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries reading and writing ability in both Chinese and Nôm (an ideographic writing system used to write Vietnamese) was considered an essential tool of scholarship and literary expression.

The demise of America's state mental hospital system, or “deinstitutionalization,” has received much attention from sociologists and historians of medicine. Less understood is the manner in which the public experienced and came to terms with it. Using elements of folklore and horror studies, I will examine how popular films accommodated audiences to institutional decline and confirmed popular antistatist pessimism. The Exorcist (1973), One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), Halloween (1978), and When a Stranger Calls (1979) helped weave a tapestry of distrust. By endorsing popular conceptions of institutional failure and presenting mythical narratives of individualist triumph, these films helped pave a path towards the conservative Reagan era to come.

Contesting the Origins of the First World War challenges the Anglophone emphasis on Germany as bearing the primary responsibility in causing the conflict and instead builds upon new perspectives to reconsider the roles of the other Great Powers. Using the work of Terrance Zuber, Sean McMeekin, and Stefan Schmidt as building blocks, this book reassesses the origins of the First World War and offers an explanation as to why this reassessment did not come about earlier. Troy R.E. Paddock argues that historians need to redraw the historiographical map that has charted the origins of the war. His analysis creates a more balanced view of German actions by also noting the actions and inaction of other nations. Recent works about the roles of the five Great Powers involved in the events leading up to the war are considered, and Paddock concludes that Germany does not bear the primary responsibility. This book provides a unique historiographical analysis of key texts published on the origins of the First World War, and its narrative encourages students to engage with and challenge historical perspectives.

Civil and religious authorities in eighteenth-century America grew increasingly concerned over the freedom with which young people chose their marriage partners. Correlating racial, religious and cultural similarity in marriage to a stable society, these authorities attempted to limit marriage and sexual choices by requiring parental authority for marriage, distributing permits to a select few to perform marriages, and criminalizing racial miscegenation. Eighteenth-century Pennsylvania German authorities supported this attitude because they associated ethnic and religious out-marriage with the weakening of the body and the destruction of society. My study uses the marriage and birth records of eighteenth-century Pennsylvania Germans to examine their marriage and sexual relationships. I discovered that Pennsylvania Germans overwhelmingly chose to marry other German-speakers, out of proportion with their population. By examining the then available works on marriage and procreation, I discovered that Pennsylvania Germans read works that emphasized the necessity and importance of intra-ethnic and religious sex and marriage for the health of their children. Pennsylvania Germans chose their marriage partners in alignment with their community’s attitudes towards those of other ethnicities and religions. A small data set further suggests that relationships with non-Germans occurred but rarely became formalized. This complicates what we know about the sexual and emotional revolutions in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; far from a linear progression of attitudes towards sex, marriage, and others, eighteenth-century Pennsylvania Germans expressed multiple, contextually-driven perspectives, and in the process they created and maintained strong ethnic communities. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Abstract. Roman exempla, or moralizing anecdotes, appear frequently in the English literature of the early Tudor period. Textual, authorial, and historical exe

In recent years there has been renewed interest in conciliarism, the belief that the authority of the universal church resides in an ecumenical council, not the pope, though the perception remains that conciliarism had a negligible impact in Iberia. One way to better understand the evolution of conciliar thought in the Spanish kingdoms is by looking at the circulation of the works and ideas of the French conciliarist Jean Gerson (1363–1429). Though a complete reconstruction of Gerson’s circulation is impossible, one can offer an initial overview of his impact in the Spanish kingdoms not simply by counting manuscripts or incunabula, as valuable as that is, but by thinking broadly about networks of exchange and dissemination. Gerson’s works came to Spain through the church councils, trans-Pyrenees Carthusian networks, monastic reformers, printers and printing houses, mendicant reformers, and the library of the University of Salamanca. © 2019, (publisher Name). All Rights Reserved.

Rolf Brandt (1886-1953) was a German journalist, author, and political commentator. His first work was as a war reporter on the Eastern Front during the opening months of the Great War (World War I). His reports appeared in several important German newspapers (Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung and Frankfurter Zeitung) and were compiled and published in 1915 as Fünf Monate an der Ostfront: Kriegsberichte (Five months on the Eastern Front: War reports). Brandt's reports were more than just army-approved press releases. He wrote in a way that constructed a bridge between the home front and the front lines. In the process he employed techniques now associated with literary journalism. With a clear point of view, he told his story through a sequence of scenes, instead of a simple historical narrative, and included genuine dialogue and status details. While scholars of German literary journalism point to Egon Erwin Kisch as the originator of German literary journalism, this study suggests Brandt should be considered an early practitioner of literary journalism in the German language. More interestingly, Brandt's particular brand of literary journalism had an unmistakably conservative nationalist perspective, thus suggesting that it is possible to have a conservative form of literary journalism. © 2019 Literary Journalism Studies. All Rights Reserved.

As its title suggests, this Focus draws our attention to the shift in perspective brought about by environmental history, compared to the more traditional approaches of history of science. Here human knowledge of and interaction with animals are understood as part of a historically variable system that encompasses both the human realm and its environment, a system in which the various components interact and shape each other dynamically.

The article explores the practical uses of Eastern Orthodox indulgences as certificates of absolution with a dual function (as mnemonic tools and as public certificates of good standing with the church) in the early modern period. © KONINKLIJKE BRILL NV, LEIDEN, 2018