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Bilingualism is defined as a speaker's ability to use two languages for communication. Due to the complexity of its nature, the study of bilingualism relies on several fields within linguistics, anthropology, psychology, neuroscience, and education. The study of bilingualism describes language behaviors of bilingual speakers, social and pragmatic patterns of using two languages, language development, and acquisition and loss, among other issues. Researchers attempt to explain the effect that bilingualism has on human cognition, societal relationships, and education of bilingual children. This article discusses bilingualism and learning from three perspectives: types of bilingualism, bilingual processing, and bilingualism and academic learning.
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This study provides an account for a long-term selective loss of L1 (Russian) morpho-syntactic and content components in early immigrants to the US. The analysis of naturally occurring data is carried out from the perspective of two theoretical approaches - three models developed within language contact (Myers-Scotton 2002, 2005) and the Activation Threshold hypothesis as a component of a neurolinguistic approach to bilingualism (Paradis, 2004, 2007). The results show that the language contact approach is useful in identifying morpheme types that are most vulnerable to attrition. The second approach helps explain the differential rate of loss of content morphemes in a variety of topics and account for variability in the rate of attrition of late system morphemes through frequency factors. The study demonstrates that by crossing the boundaries of one theory, and one view of language researchers can achieve a stronger explanatory power and identify the common and complementary features that both models provide.
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This volume is the first handbook dedicated to language attrition, the study of how a speaker's language may be affected by crosslinguistic interference and non-use. The effects of language attrition can be felt in all aspects of language knowledge, processing, and production, and can offer unique insights into the mind of bilingual language users. In this book, international experts in the field explore a comprehensive range of topics in language attrition, examining its theoretical implications, psycho- and neurolinguistic approaches, linguistic and extralinguistic factors, L2 attrition, and heritage languages. The chapters summarize current research and draw on insights from related fields such as child language development, language contact, language change, pathological developments, and second language acquisition.
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In Ferrante’s Story of a New Name, the protagonist’s journey to self-knowledge and self-realization is mapped through a farewell trip to Naples before she begins her studies in Pisa. As the centerpiece and background around and against which Elena’s accomplishments, failures, and societal pressures revolve, Naples emerges as a mosaic of energy and lethargy, unbreakable traditions and negligible innovations. While these elements mirror the protagonist’s powerlessness in changing the “norms” to which she is expected to adhere, they also function as her spur to a steady shift toward self-understanding. In this article, I analyze the ways in which Ferrante’s use of the beauty and lure, corrosiveness and lethality of Naples parallel her discourse on the protagonist’s search for self-understanding, a process that will ultimately enable Elena, the protagonist, to find self-realization. © 2018, The Author(s) 2018.
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The article examines the gender roles imposed on women in Spain under the Franco regime. It revisits Mercè Rodoreda’s 1962 novel The Time of the Doves and deciphers the female protagonist’s silence in the context of the post-Civil War period. Drawing on Julia Kristeva’s conception of the abject, it explores how silence becomes informative of the protagonist’s mental resistance to the patriarchal imposition, the helplessness and powerlessness a common woman feels under the Franco regime, and the gradual growth of female subjectivity.
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