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Communicated Stereotypes at Work highlights the pervasiveness and complexity of stereotypes in the workplace by analyzing the role they play in a variety of professional settings. Contributors exp...

Communicating User Experience illustrates how the use of Local Strategies Research (LSR) methodologies enables designers to understand the cultural implications for user actions and practices in a...

Universities and colleges are organizations that significantly impact students, their communities, and society. This forum explores how organizational communication scholars who are university leaders have applied their scholarly backgrounds to inform their roles. The forum participants engage in the work of being reflective practitioners to shed light on how organizational communication theory can help in negotiating the everyday lived experience of academic leadership. Three key issues are explored: (1) in what ways are organizational communication scholars uniquely positioned to assume a university leadership role? (2) how do communication concepts inform the communication practices of administrators? and (3) how do communication practices contribute to universities as multi-faceted institutions? The participants conclude by reflecting on current challenges in higher education and the potential of organizational communication scholars to play a vital role in navigating those challenges.

The purpose of this chapter is twofold; we first review our approach to cultural discourse analysis and then explicate the role of “discursive hubs” within it. The six discursive hubs we discuss are A Hub of Being: How is identity expressed? Acting: How do we express what we are doing? Relating: How do we express that we are related to each other? Feeling: How do we express what we feel? Dwelling: How do we express where we are (place) in our natural world (or material environment)? Timing: How do we express the understanding of process or sequencing over time? Our chapter brings to the fore several features of the general construct, discursive hub. Each feature of a hub adds an essential aspect to studies of cultural discourses. The set of features offers a systematic guideline for the design and execution of cultural discourse analytic studies into discursive hubs. Specifically, the set of features includes (a) The research question each hub raises; (b) the specific bits of discourse each concept of “discourse hub” makes relevant; (c) the socio-cultural functions of each hub within discourses or what that hub does within a discourse and (d) symbolic instantiations of that hub (in language, images, sounds and other signs) in actual cases of cultural discourse. Our discussion of the discourse hubs then turns to the heuristic role they play in the conduct of cultural discourse analyses. We emphasise that the hubs often work deeply together and thus their interrelationships breathe social life into cultural discourses. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Shi-xu; individual chapters, the contributors.

The book is a handbook of cultural discourse analysis, a theory developed by Donal Carbaugh, and celebration of his work. The book features an explanation of the theory and sixteen chapters using ...

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) engage in less physical activity than typically-developing peers. This can result in serious negative consequences for individual well-being and may contribute to the physical, behavioral, and emotional challenges associated with ASD. This study explored the potential benefits of trainer-led, individualized, physical fitness sessions specialized for ASD. Eleven individuals (ages 7–24 years) with ASD were assessed at baseline and following 15 fitness sessions. Participants demonstrated improvements in core and lower-body strength and reductions in restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, along with non-significant but marked reductions in issues with daytime sleepiness. Results suggest the merit of specialized fitness programs and emphasize the need for larger and more rigorous research studies on this topic. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Lyonsia hyalina Conrad possesses “radial mantle glands” of a complex structure located deep within the periostracal groove. They occur along the mantle edge in alignment with slightly raised striations of the periostracum, are deeply staining and are composed of three cell types. Secretory and supportive cells, which are flask-shaped, alternate throughout the gland, while a third cell type is ovoid and borders the gland. A sulfated mucopolysaccharide is secreted over the periostracum by the glands and functions in adhesion of sand grains to the shell.

We report the results of a study with proton-induced X-ray emissions (PIXE) of the distribution and concentration of 15 chemical elements (Na to Sr in periodic chart) in four microstructural and two mineralogical regions of shell of rapidly growing adult oysters [Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin)]. Hatchery-raised oysters were grown in Broadkill Estuary, Delaware, USA, for 16 wk in summer 1978. Their valve edges were filed as a marker, and the oysters were replaced in the estuary, where they grew rapidly. Shell deposited after marking had a normal microstructure and mineralogy after a narrow zone of disturbance. After 17 d oysters were sacrificed, and different mineralogical and microstructural regions of valves of three oysters, and parts of valves of two oysters, were analyzed for the elements Na to Sr. Quadrats (2.5 × 0.45 mm) included three calcitic groups (prismatic, foliated, chalky) and one aragonitic (myostracal) microstructural group; four quadrats were on the exterior and five on the interior of right and left valves. Inhalant and exhalant margins of valves and ground right and left valves of one oyster were also analyzed. Elemental chemistry of different regions of shell varied among the three microstructural groups within the single calcitic polymorph, between aragonitic and calcitic regions, and between exhalant and inhalant margins of the valves. Elements were most concentrated in the prismatic region of the right valve. Element concentrations were similar in ground right and left valves, except for higher levels of Si, Fe, and Zn in the right valve (corresponding to their high contents in prismatic shell) and of Cl in the left valve (reflecting high concentration in chalky shell, abundant in this valve). Na, Mg, Cl, Cr, Cu, Zn and Br were more concentrated in prismatic than in foliated shell. Chalky shell contained higher concentrations of Na than did prismatic shell, and high concentrations (but lower than in prismatic shell) of Mg, Cl, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn and Br. Element concentration in myostracum was approximately the same as, or lower than, in foliated shell, except for Sr, which was higher than that in any other shell group. In the right valve most elements were concentrated in inhalant margins, and on the left valve, in exhalant margins. With increased weathering of the exterior surface of prismatic shell, Mg, Si, and Mn increased in concentration and Na, Al, Cl, Ti, Cr, Fe, Br, and Sr decreased.

A freshwater bioprobe, combining the Asiatic Clam, Corbicula fluminea (Müller) and the laser microprobe mass spectrometer (LAMMA), can determine anthropogenic chemical contamination of freshwater systems. Laser generated mass spectra from the periostracal layers of clams contaminated with either a salt, potassium bromide, or an aromatic compound, phenol, produce distinctive mass spectral signatures that are different from uncontaminated clams. Uncontaminated clams have characteristic signatures with distinctive spectral peaks less than m/z 41; while exposed clams have many strong peaks well above this m/z. This freshwater bioprobe, using LAMMA to analyze the surface of clams, can be used as a screening tool for monitoring the water-treatment systems, for determining the source of contaminated baseflow and return flow discharge to streams, and for monitoring the water chemistry of a body of water. This system exploits the facility of using the shell instead of soft tissue with the LAMMA and has potential to detect anthropogenically-derived chemical stress.

Aqueous-phased xenobiotic contaminant exposure can biochemically modify newly generated periostracum of the Asian freshwater bivalve,Corbicula fluminea. Laser-induced desorption of partially polymerized periostracum produces spectra distinguishable from mass spectral images generated from uncontaminated periostracum. Organic xenobiotic contamination putatively impedes full polymerization of the periostracin protein. The detection of the effects of pollution on periostracum by the laser microprobe mass analyzer constitutes a novel bioprobe for the definitive but qualified detection of xenobiotic contamination.

Overall benthic macroinvertebrate biodiversity, along with laternulid density, was higher closer to mangroves but relative infaunal invertebrate dominance increased along a transect that transcended a hummock closer to the mangrove forest, across an open sand fl at, and terminated in another isolated humMock farther from the fringing forest. A population of the anomalodesmatan bivalve Laternula truncata (Lamarck, 1818) was examined in a mangrove sand fl at in Kungkrabaen Bay, Thailand, to determine population size, cohort distribution, and basic relationships with sediment and infaunal macroinvertebrate biodiversity. Relatively high densities of L. truncata were found in muddy sands, often deeply buried in or close to tangled rootlet mats of the mangrove trees Avicennia alba Blume, 1827, and A. marina (Forsskal) Vierhapper, 1907, along isolated mangrove hummocks. They were less common in open areas of the mangrove fl at. This population of L. truncata was relatively evenly distributed across size classes, minus the smallest sizes, suggesting continuous recruitment with a possible loss of recent recruits or recruitment. Overall benthic macroinvertebrate biodiversity, along with laternulid density, was higher closer to mangroves but relative infaunal invertebrate dominance increased along a transect that transcended a hummock closer to the mangrove forest, across an open sand fl at, and terminated in another isolated hummock farther from the fringing forest. A nearby population of L. cf. corrugata (Reeve, 1863) inhabited a distinctly different habitat. Laternula cf. corrugata was shallowly buried and dwelt in the mangrove forest proper among different species of mangroves and in sandier sediments. Behavioural observations of both laternulids indicated that both were capable of reburying, with smaller specimens more rapidly, albeit still slowly, succeeding in full re-entry into the sediment. Larger specimens of L. truncata were incapable of reburial. Morphological, ecological, and behavioural distinctions between L. truncata and L. cf. corrugata are considered in light of their habitat differences, confusion within laternulid systematics, and diffi culty in resolving the taxonomy of the latter species.

Temperature is a determinant environmental variable in metabolic rates of organisms ultimately influencing important physiological and behavioural features. Stressful conditions such as increasing temperature, particularly within high ranges occurring in the summer, have been suggested to induce flotation behaviour in Corbicula fluminea which may be important in dispersal of this invasive species. However, there has been no experimental evidence supporting this hypothesis. It was already proven that C. fluminea drift is supported by a mucilaginous drogue line produced by mucocytes present in the ctenidia. Detailed microscopic examination of changes in these cells and quantification of clam flotation following one, two and three weeks of exposure to 22, 25 and 30°C was carried out so that the effects of increasing water temperatures in dispersal patterns could be discussed. Results show that changes in temperature triggered an acceleration of the mucocytes production and stimulated flotation behaviour, especially following one week of exposure. Dilution of these effects occurred following longer exposure periods. It is possible that these bivalves perceive changing temperature as a stress and respond accordingly in the short-term, and then acclimate to the new environmental conditions. The response patterns suggest that increasing water temperatures could stimulate C. fluminea population expansion.

Participants of New England town meeting must follow protocols to participate in this direct democratic process. Over the past 200 years, the protocols have been enacted and adapted by participants in small towns across the region. Within annual meetings, one can find small breaches that could be interpreted as playful acts. In this paper, we use the comic frame as a theoretical lens to interpret instances of such play within the rhetorical deliberation of one New England town meeting. We analyze two instances where speakers playfully use recognized parts of town meeting to achieve their rhetorical ends. We conclude with a discussion of the way play can help accomplish identification in public discourse.