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OBJECTIVE: This study examined alcohol consumption patterns and trends at a public university in the Northeast from 2002 to 2008., PARTICIPANTS: Stratified random sampling was used to select undergraduate students enrolled in courses during spring semesters in 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008., METHODS: Data were collected during regularly scheduled classes for 4 measures of alcohol consumption and 5 demographic categories using the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey., RESULTS: Four groups showed significant increases in both frequency and volume of alcohol consumption-students who were female, over 21 years of age or over, living off-campus, or performing well academically. There were no decreasing trends for any demographic group. These results differ from national college health surveys, which have shown alcohol use remaining steady during this period., CONCLUSIONS: Campus-specific trend data can provide unique perspectives and guide programming efforts. These trends suggest a need for new intervention strategies on this campus.
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A conjecture by Albertson states that if χ(G) ≥ n then cr(G) ≥ cr(Kn), where χ(G) is the chromatic number of G and cr(G) is the crossing number of G. This conjecture is true for positive integers n ≤ 16, but it is still open for n ≥ 17. In this paper we consider the statements corresponding to this conjecture where the crossing number of G is replaced with the skewness µ(G) (the minimum number of edges whose removal makes G planar), the genus γ(G) (the minimum genus of the orientable surface on which G is embeddable), and the thickness θ(G) (the minimum number of planar subgraphs of G whose union is G.) We show that the corresponding statements are true for all positive integers n when cr(G) is replaced with µ(G) or γ(G). We also show that the corresponding statement is true for infinitely many values of n, but not for all n, when cr(G) is replaced with θ(G).
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We introduce a variant of the Kronecker product, called the regional Kronecker product, that can be used to build new, larger multiple-pair latin squares from existing multiple-pair latin squares. We present applications to the existence and orthogonality of multiple-pair latin squares. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
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This paper is a sequel to [8] where we introduced an invariant, called canonical degree, of Cohen–Macaulay local rings that admit a canonical ideal. Here to each such ring R with a canonical ideal, we attach a different invariant, called bi-canonical degree, which in dimension 1 appears also in [12] as the residue of R. The minimal values of these functions characterize specific classes of Cohen–Macaulay rings. We give a uniform presentation of such degrees and discuss some computational opportunities offered by the bi-canonical degree. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.
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Background: Few studies have explored changing patterns of alcohol consumption among young females and differences based on race/ethnicity. Objective: This study examined differences in alcohol consumption between black and white undergraduate females and compared trends in three different measures of alcohol consumption over a 10-year period from 2004 to 2014. Methods: The CORE Alcohol and Drug Survey was used to collect data from female undergraduates attending a public university in the northeastern USA. Classes were randomly selected into the sample; class acceptance was 68% and student participation was 96%. The chi-square test examined differences between groups and the Cochrane Armitage Test for Trend assessed changes over time. Results: In 2014, for every measure of alcohol consumption examined, a significantly larger percentage of white females engaged in the behavior compared to black females. Trend analysis from 2004 to 2014 demonstrated a narrowing of this gap. Controlling for age, any alcohol use in past 30 days and binge drinking in the past 2 weeks increased significantly for black females 21 years or older. Any alcohol use in the past 30 days decreased significantly for white females under 21 years. Conclusion: These findings introduce many questions which should be explored through additional research.
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Low graduation rate is a significant and growing problem in U.S. higher education systems. Although previous studies have demonstrated the usefulness of building statistical models for predicting students' graduation outcomes, advanced machine learning models promise to improve the effectiveness of these models, and hone in on the “difference that makes a difference” not only on the group level, but also on the level of the individual student. In this paper we propose an ensemble support vector machines based model for predicting students' graduation. Up to about 100 features, including a set of psychological-educational factors, were employed to construct the predicting model. We evaluated the proposed model using data taken from a state university's longitudinal, cohort data sets from the incoming classes of students from 2011-2012 (n=350). The experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the model, with considerable accuracy, precision, and recall. This paper presents the results of analysis that were conducted in order to gauge the predictive capability of a machine learning algorithm to predict on-time graduation that took into consideration students' learning and development.
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We study the relationship between the reduction number of a primary ideal of a local ring relative to one of its minimal reductions and the multiplicity of the corresponding Sally module. This paper is focused on three goals: (i) to develop a change of rings technique for the Sally module of an ideal to allow extension of results from Cohen–Macaulay rings to more general rings; (ii) to use the fiber of the Sally modules of almost complete intersection ideals to connect its structure to the Cohen–Macaulayness of the special fiber ring; (iii) to extend some of the results of (i) to two-dimensional Buchsbaum rings. Along the way, we provide an explicit realization of the S2S_{2} -fication of arbitrary Buchsbaum rings.
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The purpose of this paper is to introduce new invariants of Cohen–Macaulay local rings. Our focus is the class of Cohen–Macaulay local rings that admit a canonical ideal. Attached to each such ring R with a canonical ideal C, there are integers–the type of R, the reduction number of C–that provide valuable metrics to express the deviation of R from being a Gorenstein ring. We enlarge this list with other integers–the roots of R and several canonical degrees. The latter are multiplicity based functions of the Rees algebra of C. © 2017 Elsevier Inc.
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