Your search

Purpose: High central blood pressure is more predictive of cardiovascular disease (CVD) versus high peripheral blood pressure. Measures of central pressures (CPs) include, central systolic blood pressure (CSBP) and central diastolic blood pressure. Measures of central pressures augmentation (CPsA) include augmentation pressure (AP) and the augmentation index @ 75 beats$min-1 (AIx@75). Increased sympathetic tone (ST) is also associated with CVD. The low to high frequency ratio (LF/HF) is often used to determine sympatho-vagal balance. Given the association between ST, CPs, CPsA and CVD there is a need to understand the association between these predictors of CVD. The aims of this study were to examine the association between the LF/HF ratio, CPs, and CPsA in men and women collectively and based on gender. Methods: We measured the LF/HF ratio, CSBP, AP, and AIx@75 in 102 participants (41F/61M). The LF/ HF ratio was determined via power spectral density analysis. CSBP, AP, and AIx@75 were determined via applanation tonometry. Results: The LF/HF ratio was inversely associated with AP (r 5 -0.26) and AIx @75 (r 5 -0.29) in the combined group of men and women. The LF/HF ratio was inversely associated with CSBP (r 5 -0.27), AP (r 5 -0.28), and AIx@75 (r 5 -0.32) in men, but not in women. Conclusion: There is an inverse association between the LF/HF ratio, AP, and AIx@75 in men and women combined. The association between the LF/HF ratio, CSBP, AP, and AIx@75, differs based on gender. © 2020 Akademiai Kiado, Budapest.

OBJECTIVE: Guided by the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, this study seeks to (1) examine the independent relationships between the level of distress among burn survivors, pre-morbid psychiatric history, and burn severity on length of hospital stay, and (2) to examine the relationship between having a premorbid psychiatric history and level of distress following a burn injury., METHODS: Data collected by the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, Rehabilitation Research funded Burn Model System (N = 846) was used to theoretically link psychological distress with the length of hospital stay for survivors of burn injuries. Structural Equation Modeling was used to evaluate the aims of this study., RESULTS: Although counterintuitive, and while significant, burn severity was found to have a rather modest association with a burn survivor's level of distress, indicating that one's ability to cope may be a better predictor of distress rather than burn severity alone. Premorbid psychiatric history was significantly associated with increased levels of distress. While burn severity was associated with length of stay, level of distress did not act as a partial mediator. Length of stay was, however, significantly related to having a premorbid-psychiatric history. Of notable interest, a significant racial, ethnic, and gender difference exists in level of distress. Women and people of color experience higher levels of distress holding constant burn severity and psychiatric history., CONCLUSION: A need exists to assess for and address premorbid and current mental health challenges of burn survivors, specifically the ability to cope, especially among people of color and women, regardless of the burn size or severity. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.

Lunn, WR and Axtell, RS. Validity and reliability of the Lode Excalibur Sport cycle ergometer for the Wingate Anaerobic Test. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2019—Although multiple testing devices advertise Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT), capability, reliability, and validity data are sparse. The purpose was to determine whether the Lode Excalibur Sport cycle ergometer is a reliable and valid instrument to conduct the 30-second WAnT when compared with the Monark 894e Peak Bike ergometer. Recreationally active men (n = 49; 20.6 ± 2.5 years; 1.75 ± 0.07 m; and 79.1 ± 9.8 kg) completed four 30-second WAnTs: 2 each on the Lode and the Monark ergometers for peak power (PP), mean power (MP), minimum power (MinP), fatigue index (FI), and peak cadence (vmax) measurement. Interday and interunit correlation, multivariate analysis of variance, regression, and Bland-Altman analysis determined reliability and validity. Cohen's d was used to determine effect size. Relative reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) with 95% confidence interval for Monark and Lode was very high for PP, MP, MinP, and vmax and high for FI (r > 0.83; coefficient of variation ≤ 27.0%; p < 0.01). Interunit correlation was strong for PP, MP, MinP, and vmax (r > 0.75; p < 0.001) and moderate for FI (p = 0.001). Lode PP and FI values were significantly less (p < 0.001; d > 1.18) and MinP, MP, and vmax significantly greater (p ≤ 0.001; d > 0.51) than Monark. Proportional bias was demonstrated for all variables (p < 0.04; d > 2.68) except vmax. The Lode ergometer reliably provides WAnT outcomes and correlates well to the Monark ergometer. However, differences in power values and proportional bias between differently braked instruments prevent use of the Lode ergometer for comparison of WAnT data with normative data generated by the Monark ergometer.

Background/ObjectiveMany adolescents with type 1 diabetes do not achieve 60 minutes of daily moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA). Recognizing the importance of peer influence during adolescence, we evaluated the feasibility and safety of a group MVPA intervention for this population. MethodsEighteen adolescents with type 1 diabetes (age 14.12 .3 years, female 67%, black or Latino 67%, median body mass index 92%ile, A1c 79.925.1 mmol/mol, 9.5 +/- 2.3%). Intervention sessions (35minutes MVPA and 45minutes discussion) occurred 1x/week for 12weeks. Feasibility and safety metrics were enrollment, completion of intervention and assessments, cost, and hypoglycemia rates. Participants completed MVPA (accelerometry), and exploratory nutritional, psychosocial, clinical, and fitness variable assessments at baseline, 3 months, and 7 months. Hedges' effect sizes were calculated. ResultsEnrollment was 16%, and intervention completion was 56%. Assessment completion at 7 months was 67% for MVPA, nutrition, and fitness, 83% for psychosocial assessments, and 94% for clinical assessments. Cost was $1241 per completing participant. One episode of mild hypoglycemia occurred during the sessions (0.6%). Self-reported daily fruit/vegetable servings (d=-0.72) and diabetes self-management behaviors decreased over time (d=-0.40). In the 10 completers, endurance run score improved (d=0.49) from low baseline levels, while systolic blood pressure decreased (d=-0.75) and low-density lipoprotein increased (d=0.49) but stayed within normal ranges. ConclusionsThe protocol for the group MVPA intervention was safe and had some feasibility metrics meriting further investigation. MVPA levels and glycemic control remained suboptimal, suggesting the need for more intensive interventions for this population.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of hospitalizations on patterns of sedentary and physical activity time in mobility-limited older adults randomized to structured physical activity or health education. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of investigator-blinded, parallel-group, randomized trial conducted at 8 U.S. centers between February 2010 and December 2013. PARTICIPANTS: Sedentary men and women aged 70 to 89 at baseline who wore a hip-fitted accelerometer 7 consecutive days at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months after randomization (N=1,341). MEASUREMENTS: Participants were randomized to a physical activity (PA; n = 669) intervention that included aerobic, resistance, and flexibility training or to a health education (HE; n = 672) intervention that consisted of workshops on older adult health and light upper-extremity stretching. Accelerometer patterns were characterized as bouts of sedentary (¡100 counts/min; ¿= 1, ¿= 10, ¿= 30, ¿= 60 minute lengths) and activity (¿= 100 counts/min; ¿= 1, ¿= 2, ¿= 5, ¿= 10 minute lengths) time. Each participant was categorized as having 0, 1 to 3, or 4 or more cumulative hospital days before each accelerometer assessment. RESULTS: Hospitalization increased sedentary time similarly in both intervention groups (8 min/d for 1-3 cumulative hospital days and 16 min/d for ¿= 4 cumulative hospital days). Hospitalization was also associated with less physical activity time across all bouts of less than 10 minutes (¿= 1: -7 min/d for 1-3 cumulative hospital days, -16 min/d for ¿= 4 cumulative hospital days; ¿= 2: -5 min/d for 1-3 cumulative hospital days, -11 min/d for ¿= 4 cumulative hospital days; ¿= 5: -3 min/d for 1-3 cumulative hospital days, -4 min/d for ¿= 4 cumulative hospital days). There was no evidence of recovery to prehospitalization levels (time effect p ¿ .41). PA participants had less sedentary time in bouts of less than 30 minutes than HE participants (-8 to -10 min/d) and more total activity (+3 to +6 min/d), although hospital-related changes were similar between the intervention groups (interaction effect p ¿ .26). CONCLUSION: Participating in a PA intervention before hospitalization had expected benefits, but participants remained susceptible to hospitalization's detrimental effects on their daily activity levels. There was no evidence of better activity recovery after hospitalization.

The tactical and technical components of training become a primary emphasis, leaving less time for targeted development of physical qualities that underpin performance during the competition phase of a training program. A deemphasis on physical preparation during the in-season training phase may make athletes more susceptible to injury and decrease performance on the field. Two weeks prior to the start and one week following the conclusion of the 16-week collegiate lacrosse season, lower body force production was assessed in eight National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Men’s Lacrosse athletes. Lower body force production capabilities were determined via the performance of countermovement jumps (CMJ) and drop jumps (DJ) performed on a force plate and isokinetic strength testing of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups across three velocities. Isokinetic strength of the hamstrings and the hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio were maintained or increased over the course of the competition phase of training. Relative peak force obtained from the CMJ and the reactive strength index from the DJ decreased significantly over the season. The maintenance of isokinetic strength and the decrease in CMJ and DJ performance may indicate the presence of neuromuscular fatigue that accumulated over the course of the season.

Background: The movement profile of older adults with compromised function is unknown, as is the relationship between these profiles and the development of major mobility disability (MMD)-a critical clinical outcome. We first describe the dimensions of movement in older adults with compromised function and then examine whether these dimensions predict the onset of MMD. Methods: Older adults at risk for MMD (N = 1,022, mean age = 78.7 years) were randomized to receive a structured physical activity intervention or health education control. We assessed MMD in 6-month intervals (average follow-up of 2.2 years until incident MMD), with activity assessed at baseline, 6-, 12- and 24-month follow-up via accelerometry. Results: A principal components analysis of 11 accelerometer-derived metrics yielded three components representing lifestyle movement (LM), extended bouts of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and stationary body posture. LM accounted for the greatest proportion of variance in movement (53%). Within health education, both baseline LM (HR = 0.74; 95% CI 0.62 to 0.88) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (HR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.54 to 0.87) were associated with MMD, whereas only LM was associated with MMD within physical activity (HR = 0.74; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.89). There were similar nonlinear relationships present for LM in both physical activity and health education (p ¡ .04), whereby risk for MMD was lower among individuals with higher levels of LM. Conclusions: Both LM and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity should be central in treatment regimens for older adults at risk for MMD.

Abstract Background Overweight and obesity in adolescence are associated with several negative health indicators; the association with flourishing, an indicator of overall well-being, is less clear. Objectives To examine associations between weight status and indicators of flourishing and academic engagement in adolescents. Subjects Analyses included 22,078 adolescents (10–17 years) from the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health. Methods Adolescents were grouped according to body mass index (BMI) classification; outcomes included indicators of flourishing and academic engagement. Logistic regression models assessed the odds of each outcome comparing adolescents with overweight and adolescents with obesity to healthy weight adolescents. Results For flourishing, adolescents with overweight and adolescents with obesity were less likely to stay calm during a challenge (17% and 30%, respectively; p < 0.01); adolescents with obesity were 30% less likely to finish a task they started (p < 0.001), and 34% less likely to show interest in new things (p < 0.001) in comparison to healthy weight peers. Adolescents with obesity were 26% less likely to care about doing well in school (p < 0.001), and adolescents with overweight and adolescents with obesity were significantly less likely to complete all required homework (19% and 34%, respectively) (p < 0.001), in comparison to healthy weight peers. Conclusions A comprehensive approach to addressing overweight and obesity in adolescence should target improving academic engagement and flourishing to promote overall well-being.

Background: An important decision with accelerometry is the threshold in counts per minute (CPM) used to define moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). We explore the ability of different thresholds to track changes in MVPA due to a physical activity (PA) intervention among older adults with compromised function: 760 CPM, 1,041 CPM, and an individualized threshold. We also evaluate the ability of change in accelerometry and self-reported PA to attenuate treatment effects on major mobility disability (MMD). Methods: Data from a week of hip worn accelerometers and self-reported PA data (30-day recall) were examined from baseline, 6-, 12-, and 24-months of follow-up on 1,528 older adults. Participants were randomized to either PA or Health Education (HE). MMD was objectively defined by loss of ability to walk 400 m during the follow-up. Results: The three thresholds yielded similar and higher levels of MVPA for PA than HE (p ¡ .001), however, this difference was significantly attenuated in participants with lower levels of physical function. Self-reported PA that captured both walking and strength training totally attenuated the intervention effect for MMD, an 18% reduction to a 3% increase. Accelerometer CPMs showed less attenuation of the intervention effect. Conclusions: Accelerometry assessment within the LIFE study was not sensitive to change in level in physical activity for older adults with very low levels of physical function. A combination of self-report and objective measures are recommended for use in physical activity intervention studies of the elderly; limitations of accelerometry deserve closer attention.

OBJECTIVES: Heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration [La] and/or rating of perceived exertion (RPE) have been utilised to monitor judo training load in technical and randori (competition training) sessions, but are yet to be investigated in mixed sessions containing both elements. Therefore the purpose of this study was to: (1) determine the stability of these variables, and (2) to assess the efficacy of RPE as a load variable for mixed judo sessions., DESIGN: Cross-sectional study., METHODS: Twenty-nine athletes attended two mixed training sessions at an international training camp. Bout and session characteristics, including RPE, physical and mental effort, heart rate (HR) and post-session [La] were recorded. A two-way random-effects intra-class correlation assessed variable stability. Multilevel mixed-effects ordered logistic regression investigated relationships between RPE and other variables for bouts and sessions., RESULTS: Average and minimum HR across sessions correlated highly (ICC=0.95 and 0.94, respectively). Good correlations existed between [La], session-RPE and mental effort, and fair correlation of max HR and physical effort. No relationships existed between [La]/HR and session-RPE. A unit increase in bout-RPE resulted in a 2.09 unit increase in physical, or a 1.36 unit increase in mental, effort holding all other bout variables constant. Gender and competitive level did not influence statistical models., CONCLUSIONS: Results provide further evidence that RPE can be used across a range of competitive levels and genders to monitor workload of mixed sessions and individual randori in judo. Physical effort may play a larger role than mental effort when athletes reflect on exertion during training. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

ACSM’S Exercise Testing and Prescription adapts and expands upon the assessment and exercise prescription-related content from ACSM’s Resource Manual for Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, 7th Edition, to create a true classroom resource. Fully aligned with the latest edition of ACSM’s flagship title, ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription , this practical resource walks students through the process of selecting and administering fitness assessments, using Guidelines to interpret results, and drafting an exercise prescription that is in line with Guidelines parameters .Designed for today’s learners, the text is written in a clear, concise style, and enriched by visuals that promote student engagement. As an American College of Sports Medicine publication, the book offers the unsurpassed quality and excellence that has become synonymous with titles by the leading exercise science organization in the world.The nuances of fitness assessment and the particulars of crafting exercise prescriptions are explored in expansive sections throughout the book.A full section devoted to Special Populations prepares students to meet the needs of the full range of both typically healthy and special needs clients they’ll see in practice.Comprehensive case studies written by experts to reinforce practical applications of concepts.A wide range of online resources includes laboratory materials and activities that provide opportunities for hands-on learning, and a library of journal articles that helps students connect research to practice.100% alignment with the most up-to-date version of the ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription enhances the learning experience, making it easy to go back and forth between Guidelines and the text.eBook available. Fast, smart, and convenient, today’s eBooks can transform learning. These interactive, fully searchable tools offer 24/7 access on multiple devices, the ability to highlight and share notes, and much more.

ACSM’S Exercise Testing and Prescription adapts and expands upon the assessment and exercise prescription-related content from ACSM’s Resource Manual for Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, 7th Edition, to create a true classroom resource. Fully aligned with the latest edition of ACSM’s flagship title, ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription , this practical resource walks students through the process of selecting and administering fitness assessments, using Guidelines to interpret results, and drafting an exercise prescription that is in line with Guidelines parameters .Designed for today’s learners, the text is written in a clear, concise style, and enriched by visuals that promote student engagement. As an American College of Sports Medicine publication, the book offers the unsurpassed quality and excellence that has become synonymous with titles by the leading exercise science organization in the world.The nuances of fitness assessment and the particulars of crafting exercise prescriptions are explored in expansive sections throughout the book.A full section devoted to Special Populations prepares students to meet the needs of the full range of both typically healthy and special needs clients they’ll see in practice.Comprehensive case studies written by experts to reinforce practical applications of concepts.A wide range of online resources includes laboratory materials and activities that provide opportunities for hands-on learning, and a library of journal articles that helps students connect research to practice.100% alignment with the most up-to-date version of the ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription enhances the learning experience, making it easy to go back and forth between Guidelines and the text.eBook available. Fast, smart, and convenient, today’s eBooks can transform learning. These interactive, fully searchable tools offer 24/7 access on multiple devices, the ability to highlight and share notes, and much more.