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How elderlies participate in social activities is a key issue in coping with aging and has an important impact on elderlies’ well-being. This paper examines the effects of different social participation patterns on the happiness of the elderlies in China. The empirical analysis was conducted based on the data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) in 2015. The research results show that compared with reemployment after retirement, community governance is a more common way for retired people to be involved in social activities. We found that reemployment significantly reduces the happiness degree of the retired. Furthermore, this negative effect is more significant in samples without a formal labor contract, relatively lower education level, & senior retired people. In contrast, participating in community governance can significantly improve the happiness level of retirees, which is more essential in the sample of the medium education level and junior retirees.

Abstract Income inequality has, in recent years, become a serious issue especially in emerging markets. This paper examines the relationship of income inequality in the Asia-Pacific and Latin America regions to several factors such as gross capital formation, corruption, and per capita gross domestic product (GDP). Using a cross-sectional dataset of 36 countries from both regions for the year 2018 and ordinary least squares regression, the paper shows that gross capital formation and the lack of corruption have a negative and significant relationship with income inequality (as represented by the Gini coefficient). In contrast, per capita GDP has a positive and significant relationship with income inequality. Policymakers who want to rein in income inequality should therefore focus on ways to reduce corruption and increase the formation of capital. This study could be of use for those who are interested in discovering and mitigating the factors that cause income inequality in the developing world.

The Philippines has had high levels of unemployment for years. During the 2000s, the unemployment rate hovered between seven and ten percent. High unemployment can have adverse effects on individuals and society. The question that this paper analyses is how unanticipated money growth affect the unemployment situation in the Philippines. There has been literature on the relationship between unanticipated growth on the money supply and unemployment. The paper proposes that only unanticipated money movements will affect real economic variables like unemployment and the output level. In order to test our hypothesis, it is important that we need to quantify the concepts of anticipated and unanticipated money movements. This paper uses time-series data on several economic variables as well as a model based on Geetha et al. (2023). Using an error-correction model, the results show that an unanticipated increase in M2 money is a factor that contributes to unemployment in Philippines.

Using a dynamic panel dataset of 150 countries for the period of 2006-2018 and a two-step system GMM estimation model, this paper shows that natural resources have a positive effect on economic development while holding corruption constant. Our findings support the notion that natural resources have a positive effect on the economy of a nation. When a country has less corruption, it improves the appropriation of economic gains from natural resources which serves as natural capital that would drive further capital accumulation and further development. We also find that physical capital, human capital, and freedom from corruption show strong positive effects on economic development, controlling for other economic and institutional variables.

Parental Education Matters for Adolescent Health: The Importance of Parental Education in the US

This paper analyzes the effect of TV advertising and in-store displays on the sales of chocolates. I examine which method is more effective in gaining customers and in increasing total sales. Also, I look at the evidence to see whether the lack of advertising by a firm will hurt the industry as a whole. In this paper, I use a nested logit model on scanner data obtained by the Zwick Center for Food and Resource Policy at the University of Connecticut to examine the effect of TV advertising on chocolate sales. The results show that in-store displays and advertising both help increase the demand for chocolate.

We test whether commonly used measures of agglomeration economies encourage new firm entry in both urban and rural markets. Using new firm location decisions in Iowa and North Carolina, we find that measured agglomeration economies increase the probability of new firm entry in both urban and rural areas. Firms are more likely to locate in markets with an existing cluster of firms in the same industry, with greater concentrations of upstream suppliers or downstream customers, and with a larger proportion of college-educated workers in the local labor supply. Firms are less likely to enter markets with no incumbent firms in the sector or where production is concentrated in relatively few sectors. The same factors encourage both stand-alone start-ups and establishments built by multiplant firms. Commuting decisions exhibit the same pattern as new firm entry with workers commuting from low to high agglomeration markets. Because agglomeration economies are important for rural firm entry also, policies encouraging new firm entry should focus on relatively few job centers rather than encouraging new firm entry in every small town.

Existing studies provide mixed evidence that the U.S. macroeconomic news impacts international stock prices. We believe this may be related to the fact that economic surprises may not capture how investors interpret macroeconomic releases in various economic conditions. Consequently, we follow Birz and Lott (2011) and use newspaper coverage of economic releases as a measure of news. We argue that in addition to capturing the surprise component of macroeconomic releases, newspaper coverage provide interpretation of these releases similarly to how investors may interpret them in various economic conditions. Out of 15 examined international stock markets, we find that the U.S. macroeconomic news impacts stock returns of 12 countries.

The growth of nonemployer businesses as a share of the working-age population has been little studied relative to the decline of employer business rate in the United States. We show that local labor markets specializing in routine task-intensive jobs have experienced a higher adoption of information technology as well as the growth of nonemployer businesses primarily through increasing self-employment in nonroutine manual task-intensive jobs that are less frequently outsourced to business service firms. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

COVID-19 pandemic has affected people’s daily life dramatically since December 2019. More than 211 million cases and 4.42 million deaths have been reported and confirmed all over the world. Long-term care facilities are taking the biggest hit during this pandemic, even after the spread-out of the vaccines. Globally, residents in long-term care facilities have experienced disproportionately high morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Elderlies residing in long-term care facilities have the greatest susceptibility to COVID-19 and the poorest outcomes from infections. This chapter overviewed the insight, impact, and challenges of COVID-19 on the residential care homes in UK, US, and Australia and provided possible implications for the long-term care market post-pandemic.

This paper examines the performance of two state-owned airlines: Ethiopian Airlines and Ghana Airways. While Ethiopian Airlines continues to operate successfully, the other airline has gone out of business. In an industry characterized by heavy competition and a high rate of failure, the success of the state- owned Ethiopian Airlines is intriguing. The evidence shows that Ethiopian Airlines outperforms the industry on some important benchmarks. These findings suggest that being a state enterprise is not necessarily a characteristic that leads to failure. Corporate culture and governance appear to be important factors in the success of Ethiopian Airlines.

Disruptive technological changes, including carbon capture and storage, can have macroeconomic rebound effects that pose a threat to long term environmental sustainability when not accompanied by pollution taxes. The paper demonstrates that when the elasticity of intertemporal substitution is less than one, implementing a Pigouvian tax effectively stabilizes pollution emissions, regardless of technical and consumption elasticities of substitution. However, if the elasticity of intertemporal substitution exceeds one, flexibility in technical or consumption substitution could cause sustainable growth to falter. The policy implications concerning the role of subsidies for clean technology are discussed.

Developed and used Monte Carlo simulation models to test the effects of system moise and bribery on collective decision rules. He wrote simulation software, ran the simulations after debugging the software, analyzed the results and wrote a research paper, and presented the paper at the annual conference of the Eastern Economic Association. The paper will be published next year.