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We report on the measurements of directed flow v1 and elliptic flow v2 for hadrons (π±, K±, KS0, p, ϕ, Λ and Ξ−) from Au+Au collisions at sNN=3 GeV and v2 for (π±, K±, p and p‾) at 27 and 54.4 GeV with the STAR experiment. While at the two higher energy midcentral collisions the number-of-constituent-quark (NCQ) scaling holds, at 3 GeV the v2 at midrapidity is negative for all hadrons and the NCQ scaling is absent. In addition, the v1 slopes at midrapidity for almost all observed hadrons are found to be positive, implying dominant repulsive baryonic interactions. The features of negative v2 and positive v1 slope at 3 GeV can be reproduced with a baryonic mean-field in transport model calculations. These results imply that the medium in such collisions is likely characterized by baryonic interactions. © 2022 The Author(s)

In high-energy heavy-ion collisions, partonic collectivity is evidenced by the constituent quark number scaling of elliptic flow anisotropy for identified hadrons. A breaking of this scaling and dominance of baryonic interactions is found for identified hadron collective flow measurements in sNN = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. In this paper, we report measurements of the first- and second-order azimuthal anisotropic parameters, v1 and v2, of light nuclei (d, t, 3He, 4He) produced in sNN = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions at the STAR experiment. An atomic mass number scaling is found in the measured v1 slopes of light nuclei at mid-rapidity. For the measured v2 magnitude, a strong rapidity dependence is observed. Unlike v2 at higher collision energies, the v2 values at mid-rapidity for all light nuclei are negative and no scaling is observed with the atomic mass number. Calculations by the Jet AA Microscopic Transport Model (JAM), with baryonic mean-field plus nucleon coalescence, are in good agreement with our observations, implying baryonic interactions dominate the collective dynamics in 3 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC. © 2022 The Author

Measurement by the STAR experiment at RHIC of the cold nuclear matter (CNM) effects experienced by inclusive J/ψ at mid-rapidity in 0-100% p+Au collisions at sNN = 200 GeV is presented. Such effects are quantified utilizing the nuclear modification factor, RpAu, obtained by taking a ratio of J/ψ yield in p+Au collisions to that in p+p collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. The differential J/ψ yield in both p+p and p+Au collisions is measured through the dimuon decay channel, taking advantage of the trigger capability provided by the Muon Telescope Detector in the RHIC 2015 run. Consequently, the J/ψ RpAu is derived within the transverse momentum (pT) range of 0 to 10 GeV/c. A suppression of approximately 30% is observed for pT<2 GeV/c, while J/ψ RpAu becomes compatible with unity for pT greater than 3 GeV/c, indicating the J/ψ yield is minimally affected by the CNM effects at high pT. Comparison to a similar measurement from 0-20% central Au+Au collisions reveals that the observed strong J/ψ suppression above 3 GeV/c is mostly due to the hot medium effects, providing strong evidence for the formation of the quark-gluon plasma in these collisions. Several model calculations show qualitative agreement with the measured J/ψ RpAu, while their agreement with the J/ψ yields in p+p and p+Au collisions is worse. © 2022 The Author(s)

We report a new measurement of the production cross section for inclusive electrons from open heavy-flavor hadron decays as a function of transverse momentum (pT) at midrapidity (|y|¡0.7) in p+p collisions at s=200 GeV. The result is presented for 2.5¡pT¡10 GeV/c with an improved precision above 6 GeV/c with respect to the previous measurements, providing more constraints on perturbative QCD calculations. Moreover, this measurement also provides a high-precision reference for measurements of nuclear modification factors for inclusive electrons from open-charm and -bottom hadron decays in heavy-ion collisions. © 2022 American Physical Society.

Research data collected from single respondents may raise concerns regarding common method variance (CMV), which is believed to threaten the validity of findings. The primary concern is that CMV can inflate substantive relationships, such that they appear statistically significant when they are not. Thus, understanding the nature of CMV is critical, especially when one considers the popularity—and sometimes necessity—of using self-report data. Research examining CMV has found conflicting evidence about the impact of CMV. Researchers who believe CMV influences findings have proposed solutions to combat any real or perceived potential bias, including changing survey instructions and using marker variables, but few studies have examined the efficacy of these approaches. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of these techniques and the nature of CMV using an experimental design. To conduct the experiment, multiple versions of a survey, which vary in their use of the remedial approaches, are utilized to collect data, which resulted in 1,069 usable responses. The experimental design was based on the faking literature and included instructions intended to induce or reduce the levels of CMV. Further, two different marker variables are used to determine the degree to which they create a psychological separation in substantive variables. Correlation analysis and measurement invariance are used to analyze the data. This study posits that, if CMV is a substantial concern for self-report data and these approaches are effective, then findings will differ in surveys that incorporate such approaches from surveys that do not. Results indicate few differences in experimental conditions, meaning that regardless of instructions or marker variable, substantive item correlations remained statistically similar. The results indicate this is likely due to the minimal impact of CMV, given that the proposed methods of correction did not significantly influence research findings. These findings have implications for researchers in that they do not support that CMV, or at least its proposed remedies, significantly alter findings. However, support for the null conclusions, in spite of appropriate statistical power, warrant future research examining the nature and impact of CMV. © 2022,lectronic Journal of Business Research Methods. All Rights Reserved.

"This exciting volume brings to life the food culture of Mexico, detailing the development of the cuisine and providing practical information about ingredients and cooking techniques so that readers can replicate some of Mexico's most important traditional dishes"--

This is the third and final book in the series Transformative Pedagogies in Teacher Education. Like the first two books in the series it is geared towards practitioners in the field of teacher education. This third book focuses on transformative leadership in teacher education. In other words, the kind of leadership and practices that will be important and necessary to bring about the kind of changes that both teachers and students seek to improve educational outcomes for all students, but in particular Black, Indigenous and racialized students who have been traditionally underserved by the education system. Teacher leadership plays an important role in transformative educational change that challenges all forms of oppression and white supremacy. This book features chapters by a collection of scholars, teacher educators, researchers, teacher advocates and practitioners drawing on their research and experiences to explore critical issues in teacher education. The book will be useful to teacher educators working with teacher candidates in different contexts, experienced teachers and school leaders. Given demographic shifts and the need for educators to respond to growing diversity in schools, educators will find valuable strategies in Transformative Pedagogies in Teacher Education: Re-Imagining Transformative Leadership in Teacher Education they can employ in their own practice. In addition to valuable strategies, authors explore different approaches and perspectives critical in these changing and challenging times. Critical notions of education are posited from different perspectives and contexts. This book will be useful for teacher education programs, principal preparation programs, in-service teachers, school boards and districts engaging in ongoing professional development of teachers and school leaders.

Building from an interactionist view of ethics, this study sought to integrate individual and contextual factors for understanding ethical perceptions in teams. Given the proximal nature of team members, this study specifically explored how individuals comparatively evaluate their own ethical behaviors and team members’ ethical behaviors to arrive at a perception of ethical person–group (P–G) fit within a team. Grounding our theoretical arguments in relational schemas theory (Baldwin, Psychological Bulletin 112:461–484, 1992), we demonstrate that interpersonal ethical perceptions can have distal impacts on perceptions of team functioning. The results support the hypotheses that a perceived ethical incongruence between the self and other team members (i.e., lack of ethical P–G fit) negatively influenced perceptions of relationship conflict and ultimately information sharing. By exploring individual and team level aspects of ethics concurrently, we contribute to a deeper understanding of contextual forces in ethics through an interactionist approach.

COVID-19, the pandemic of highly contagious respiratory disease, presents a global public health emergency. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased awareness of the role of public health and its professionals in responding to the pandemic. Racial and ethnic minority groups in the United States are more likely to contract and die from COVID-19 versus Whites, highlighting health disparities. Higher education schools and programs in public health can help prepare students to address this global pandemic through expanded curriculum on social determinants of health disparities in COVID-19 outcomes, teachings on implicit bias and anti-racism, interprofessional education, and practice-based learning. Moreover, eliminating health disparities is a leading public health priority in the United States and can help attain the World Health Organization goal of achieving health equity. This chapter highlights the need for public health curriculum that outlines strategies to address racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 to prepare and motivate a future healthcare workforce. How to cite this chapter: Njoku, A. (2022). COVID-19 and health disparities opportunities for public health curriculum enhancement. In  R. Ammigan, R. Y. Chan, & K. Bista, (eds), COVID-19 and higher education in the global context: Exploring contemporary issues and challenges (pp. 139-153). STAR Scholars. https://starscholars.org/product/covid-19-and-higed/

Drawing on Wales, Monsen, and McKelvie's (2011, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(5), 895–923) model of entrepreneurial orientation pervasiveness and the strong culture hypothesis (Denison, 1984, Organization Dynamics, 13, 4–22), this study investigates how entrepreneurial orientation (EO) strength, defined as the level of agreement in the shared perceptions of EO, serves as a boundary condition of the EO–firm performance relationship. Four field studies provide evidence for a valid and reliable 10-item multidimensional measure of entrepreneurial orientation, the EO-10, which in turn, may be used to assess EO strength. We establish content and construct validity of the EO-10 (study 1; n = 447 employees), criterion-related validity with revenue growth and sales growth (study 2; n = 412 employees in 43 profit centers), and convergent validity with Covin and Slevin's (1989, Strategic Management Journal, 10, 75–87) 9-item measure (study 3; n = 291 employees). Finally, in study 4 (n = 853 employees nested in 22 organizations), we demonstrate the interactive effects of EO and EO strength on profit growth and revenue growth. In sum, this study provides conceptual and empirical evidence for the importance of EO strength as a moderator of the EO–firm performance relationship.

The students’ performance prediction (SPP) problem is a challenging problem that managers face at any institution. Collecting educational quantitative and qualitative data from many resources such as exam centers, virtual courses, e-learning educational systems, and other resources is not a simple task. Even after collecting data, we might face imbalanced data, missing data, biased data, and different data types such as strings, numbers, and letters. One of the most common challenges in this area is the large number of attributes (features). Determining the highly valuable features is needed to improve the overall students’ performance. This paper proposes an evolutionary-based SPP model utilizing an enhanced form of the Whale Optimization Algorithm (EWOA) as a wrapper feature selection to keep the most informative features and enhance the prediction quality. The proposed EWOA combines the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) with Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) and Logistic Chaotic Map (LCM) to improve the overall performance of WOA. The SCA will empower the exploitation process inside WOA and minimize the probability of being stuck in local optima. The main idea is to enhance the worst half of the population in WOA using SCA. Besides, LCM strategy is employed to control the population diversity and improve the exploration process. As such, we handled the imbalanced data using the Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN) sampling technique and converting WOA to binary variant employing transfer functions (TFs) that belong to different families (S-shaped and V-shaped). Two real educational datasets are used, and five different classifiers are employed: the Decision Trees (DT), k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), Naive Bayes (NB), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and LogitBoost (LB). The obtained results show that the LDA classifier is the most reliable classifier with both datasets. In addition, the proposed EWOA outperforms other methods in the literature as wrapper feature selection with selected transfer functions.

Quadrotor UAVs are one of the most preferred types of small unmanned aerial vehicles, due to their modest mechanical structure and propulsion precept. However, the complex non-linear dynamic behavior of the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller in these vehicles requires advanced stabilizing control of their movement. Additionally, locating the appropriate gain for a model-based controller is relatively complex and demands a significant amount of time, as it relies on external perturbations and the dynamic modeling of plants. Therefore, developing a method for the tuning of quadcopter PID parameters may save effort and time, and better control performance can be realized. Traditional methods, such as Ziegler–Nichols (ZN), for tuning quadcopter PID do not provide optimal control and might leave the system with potential instability and cause significant damage. One possible approach that alleviates the tough task of nonlinear control design is the use of meta-heuristics that permit appropriate control actions. This study presents PID controller tuning using meta-heuristic algorithms, such as Genetic Algorithms (GAs), the Crow Search Algorithm (CSA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to stabilize quadcopter movements. These meta-heuristics were used to control the position and orientation of a PID controller based on a fitness function proposed to reduce overshooting by predicting future paths. The obtained results confirmed the efficacy of the proposed controller in felicitously and reliably controlling the flight of a quadcopter based on GA, CSA and PSO. Finally, the simulation results related to quadcopter movement control using PSO presented impressive control results, compared to GA and CSA.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a well-known sleep ailment. OSA mostly occurs due to the shortage of oxygen for the human body, which causes several symptoms (i.e., low concentration, daytime sleepiness, and irritability). Discovering the existence of OSA at an early stage can save lives and reduce the cost of treatment. The computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system can quickly detect OSA by examining the electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Over-serving ECG using a visual procedure is challenging for physicians, time-consuming, expensive, and subjective. In general, automated detection of the ECG signal’s arrhythmia is a complex task due to the complexity of the data quantity and clinical content. Moreover, ECG signals are usually affected by noise (i.e., patient movement and disturbances generated by electric devices or infrastructure), which reduces the quality of the collected data. Machine learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) gain a higher interest in health care systems due to its ability of achieving an excellent performance compared to traditional classifiers. We propose a CAD system to diagnose apnea events based on ECG in an automated way in this work. The proposed system follows the following steps: (1) remove noise from the ECG signal using a Notch filter. (2) extract nine features from the ECG signal (3) use thirteen ML and four types of DL models for the diagnosis of sleep apnea. The experimental results show that our proposed approach offers a good performance of DL classifiers to detect OSA. The proposed model achieves an accuracy of 86.25% in the validation stage.

Objectives:  The aim was to describe the impact of the opioid epidemic on pain management practices in pediatric sickle cell disease (SCD) and propose a conceptual framework for navigating ethical decision-making in pediatric sickle cell pain management. Methods:  A review of the literature on ethical challenges in the management of sickle cell pain was conducted and considered in the context of the opioid epidemic and psychosocial factors affecting youth with SCD. The Integrated Ethical Framework for Pain Management (IEFPM) was applied to pediatric sickle cell pain management using a clinical case example. Results:  Implicit bias, health-related stigma, and potential neurocognitive impairment all present unique challenges in ethical decision-making for youth with SCD. National guidelines for prescribing opioid medication may complicate providers’ clinical decision-making and affect their sickle cell pain management practices. The IEFPM was found to be applicable to ethical decision-making for pediatric sickle cell pain and captures both patient-related and provider-related aspects of clinical pain management. Discussion:  The opioid epidemic has exacerbated existing ethical challenges for pain management among youth with SCD. The IEFPM provides a conceptual model that can be integrated into health care settings to facilitate ethical decision-making and promote greater health equity in the clinical management of pediatric sickle cell pain.

The purpose of this study is to investigate secondary teacher candidates’ experience of mathematical modeling task design. In the study, 54 teacher candidates in a university-based teacher education program created modeling tasks and scoring rubrics. Next, the participants pilot-tested the tasks with students and had the opportunity to revise the original tasks and rubrics based on student responses. The data included participants’ statements, in which they described and reflected on the design and revision process of modeling tasks. The study describes six didactic revision strategies in revising modeling tasks and identifies five emerging pedagogical ideas from revising tasks and rubrics. The study also discusses the way modeling task design activities have the potential to support teacher candidates’ learning through a bottom-up modeling curriculum in teacher education.

This activity introduces students to hearing, describing, and creating Melodies in the DAW as part of a general education, lower-level college course. Students with familiarity with concepts of rhythm and meter, the transport controls and basic functionality of the DAW, the piano roll, and entering MIDI notes into the sequencer will, by the end of the activity, be able to define melody and step/leap; describe different melodies and contrast them in terms of contour and rhythm; describe different melodies and contrast them in terms of the variable experience each creates for the listener; and create a basic melody using the piano roll in the DAW. They will continue to develop their critical aesthetic thinking skills (evaluating what makes for variable aesthetic experience in music), as well as oral/written aesthetic communication skills. (communicating their hearing and affective experience of music). Level:UndergraduateSetting: ClassroomActivity Type: Learning CycleDiscipline: MusicCourse: Introduction to Music TechnologyKeywords: Melody, rhythm, meter, contour, DAW, aesthetic

Data classification is a challenging problem. Data classification is very sensitive to the noise and high dimensionality of the data. Being able to reduce the model complexity can help to improve the accuracy of the classification model performance. Therefore, in this research, we propose a novel feature selection technique based on Binary Harris Hawks Optimizer with Time-Varying Scheme (BHHO-TVS). The proposed BHHO-TVS adopts a time-varying transfer function that is applied to leverage the influence of the location vector to balance the exploration and exploitation power of the HHO. Eighteen well-known datasets provided by the UCI repository were utilized to show the significance of the proposed approach. The reported results show that BHHO-TVS outperforms BHHO with traditional binarization schemes as well as other binary feature selection methods such as binary gravitational search algorithm (BGSA), binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO), binary bat algorithm (BBA), binary whale optimization algorithm (BWOA), and binary salp swarm algorithm (BSSA). Compared with other similar feature selection approaches introduced in previous studies, the proposed method achieves the best accuracy rates on 67% of datasets.

Wide field planetary camera 2 (WFPC2) exposures are already some 20 years older than Gaia epoch observations, or future James Webb Space Telescope observations. As such, they offer an unprecedented time baseline for high-precision proper-motion studies, provided the full astrometric potential of these exposures is reached. We have started such a project with the work presented here being its first step. We explore geometric distortions beyond the well-known ones published in the early 2000 s. This task is accomplished by using the entire database of WFPC2 exposures in filters F555W, F606W and F814W and three standard astrometric catalogs: Gaia EDR3, 47 Tuc and ωCen. The latter two were constructed using Hubble Space Telescope observations made with cameras other than WFPC2. We explore a suite of centering algorithms, and various distortion maps in order to understand and quantify their performance. We find no high-frequency systematics beyond the 34th-row correction, down to a resolution of 10 pixels. Low-frequency systematics starting at a resolution of 50 pixels are present at a level of 30–50 millipix (1.4–2.3 mas) for the PC and 20–30 millipix (2–3 mas) for the WF chips. We characterize these low-frequency systematics by providing correction maps and updated cubic-distortion coefficients for each filter.

The expansion of states and empires often has important consequences for local populations, including increased violence, greater stress, or dietary modifications resulting in changing health conditions. This paper presents the analysis of 73 skeletons from the Cusco site of Ak’awillay, shedding light on diet, health, and violence in the Middle Horizon. Results indicate that the people of Ak’awillay led a rigorous lifestyle and suffered from more nutritional deficiencies compared to previous populations, possibly pointing to increased maize consumption. However, the low incidence of trauma at Ak’awillay and other Cusco sites suggest that the Wari presence in Cusco was not entrenched in violence.

We extend results first announced by Franz et al., that identified vA 351 = H346 in the Hyades as a multiple star system containing a white dwarf. With Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor fringe tracking and scanning, and more recent speckle observations, all spanning 20.7 years, we establish a parallax, relative orbit, and mass fraction for two components, with a period, and total mass 2.1 . With ground-based radial velocities from the McDonald Observatory Otto Struve 2.1 m Telescope Sandiford Spectrograph, and Center for Astrophysics Digital Speedometers, spanning 37 years, we find that component B consists of BC, two M dwarf stars orbiting with a very short period ( days), having a mass ratio / = 0.95. We confirm that the total mass of the system can only be reconciled with the distance and component photometry by including a fainter, higher-mass component. The quadruple system consists of three M dwarfs (A, B, C) and one white dwarf (D). We determine individual M dwarf masses = 0.53 ± 0.10 , = 0.43 ± 0.04 , and = 0.41 ± 0.04 . The white dwarf mass, 0.54 ± 0.04 , comes from cooling models, an assumed Hyades age of 670 Myr, and consistency with all previous and derived astrometric, photometric, and radial velocity results. Velocities from Hα and He i emission lines confirm the BC period derived from absorption lines, with similar (He i) and higher (Hα) velocity amplitudes. We ascribe the larger Hα amplitude to emission from a region each component shadows from the other, depending on the line of sight.