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In a diagnostically heterogeneous sample of 381 first admission male state hospital patients, no consistent correlations appeared among three commonly employed hospitalization measures of outcome. The possibility that psychiatric hospitalization may be a multidimensional criterion is considered and the implications for outcome research are discussed. © 1980 by The Williams & Wilkins Co.

The relation between premorbid social competence and outcome was examined with 381 male state hospital patients in four diagnostic categories: schizophrenia, affective reaction, psychoneurotic disorder, and personality disorder. Outcome was assessed using the measures of length of initial hospitaliz

This paper examines the relationship between foreign (economic) aid and the General Assembly votes for the period 1967-76. The countries included in this study are the United States, the Soviet Union, and those of their aid recipients which are considered less developed. Two related hypotheses, one on the use of aid as an inducement and the other as a reward or a punishment, are tested. The methods used are Index of Agreement, devised by Arend Lijphart, and Pearson's r. The findings indicate that the American aid is more effective as an inducement and the Soviet aid is more effective as a reward or a punishment. The former has a closer association with the General Assembly votes from 1967-73 than in later years. Economic aid is increasingly used by the United States more to serve its security interests in the Middle East than for any other purpose, and it is possible that not so much of a return for the American aid is expected in the UN as was the case earlier. © 1980, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.

Technologic advances are changing hospice home care. A case study explores the clinical dilemmas and illustrates the educational and research agendas required to resolve them.

Hospice providers and policy makers are currently evaluating the emerging patterns of hospice care, especially regarding cost containment considerations. This study compared patterns of care for two groups of hospice homecare clients–one group, which received only homecare services for the duration of the hospice career; the other, which received both hospice homecare and inpatient services. The groups were significantly different on clinical parameters, number of homecare episodes, survival rate, and place of death. The impact of policy structures on continuity of care and service equity are discussed. Copyright © 1986, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

This paper reports the theory, process, results, and consequences of diagnosing the race relations among managers of a large industrial corporation. A four person diagnostic team consisting of a black female, black male, white female, and white male, aided by a 12-person advisory committee of similar race/sex composition, developed an organic questionnaire and administered it to more than 600 managers. Data were collected and analyzed on general race relations, management groups, hiring, advancement, firing, actions for change, and reactions to the study. Analysis showed that the state of race relations in the company was related to a variety of systemic conditions including the ideas and feelings of individuals, the perceptions and actions of key groups, and the structure of the whole organization. As a result of the diagnosis, management committed itself to an action plan that addressed all the problematic issues uncovered by the diagnosis. © 1980, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.

This study surveyed 202 undergraduate business majors regarding their perceptions of women in management. Research focused on male and female students' acceptance of women managers, the extent students perceived women managers as being accepted by others, and a comparison of descriptions of the typical male and female manager. Male students were found to be less accepting of women's dual role. Men perceived women managers as being less knowledgeable and possessing poorer managerial skills than male managers. Women managers were perceived as having greater interpersonal skills. Female students showed a greater preference for a male boss. Their descriptions of women managers were more positive regarding competency, but emphasized an interpersonal rather than a task orientation. The conclusion is made that perceptual stereotypes have not radically changed when compared to research reported in the 1970s. © 1988 Plenum Publishing Corporation.

This article suggests that over the next decade library performance measures - such as output measures - can become the basis for library space planning programs that will determine the quantity and relative location of user hierarchies for each type of public service.

J. Wade Caruthers; Visions of Utopia: Nashoba, Rugby, Ruskin, and the “New Communities” in Tennessee's Past. By John Egerton. (Knoxville: University of Tenness

A public shell is generally defined as an inactive public corporation. It may or may not have assets or a publicly trading stock. However, for purposes here it must have valid SEC and domicile-State legal standing to permit its reactivation by merger with, or acquisition of, an operating company. After many years of clouded regard because of promoters' stock abuses, acceptance of using a shell to go public has considerably widened. This has been due to clarified and tighter SEC policies, rising costs of an IPO, and innovative financial uses of a shell by businessmen and investment bankers. Supply of shells probably still greatly exceeds demand for shells because of the mortality rate of the waves of new issues of recent years, the lack of cleanness of many of these shells and still lagging sophistication in their use. Nevertheless, advertising analysis indicates that in the past year alone companies "going public the back door" has at least trebled the number a decade ago. The greater part of this increase, also, appears to be accountable by ventures. For venture start-ups public access via merger with a shell can produce economies in legal/accounting costs and opportunity cost in time. It is also a means of becoming public when an initial public offering is not feasible due to market condition or nature of business. If the stock is trading it can encourage initial venture capital investment. The concept impact can vault the stock price even before earnings eventuate. Or exciting prospects can entice an exaggerated price/earnings ratio on tiny earnings. These events can even facilitate additional financing to prolong viability. But once the venture decides to use a shell for public access, the caveats of the route must be considered. In addition to valid registration and cleanness, such aspects as stockholder list, market sponsorship, control and dilution problems must be matched to the venture's financial aims. Cost of the shell can vary between $25,000-$100,000 depending on the outcome of these considerations, terms of payment, and general attractiveness of the venture entering the shell. Finally, speculative merits of shell stocks compared with the OTC Index of Industrial Stocks show that for equal holding periods, a market basket of revived-shell stocks bought soon after revival and sold around their highs, during the past decade would have produced multiple total returns compared to the less speculative index market basket. This optimum buy-sell period usually fell between 18 months and two years. But these returns presume not only sagacious timing, but that sales of stock of the typically small companies constituting shell-revivals could actually be made at the prices shown in the National Securities Dealers Pink Sheets. Beyond the optimum holding period, shell-descended companies become increasingly subject to valuation factors similar to those accorded to long established companies in related industries. © 1988.