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This report proposes a paradigm for technical journal deselection based on the Bradford Law of distribution, with a demonstration in biomedical communications illustrating various statistical derivations. The model employs the following operational prescriptives: (1) identification of fractional productivities in journal collections; (2) probability predictions for making successful retrievals of relevant items in any given productive fraction; (3) utilization by journal source language and origin; and (4) estimates of cost-efficiencies of searches made in print and machine-readable versions of serial publications. The results suggest that in approximately two out of three trials successful searches ('hits') are likely to be made in a `critical' core of any technical subject collection. The highest probability for retention resides in this portion, about 20% of the publications. We infer that substantial amounts of the remaining publications are candidates for deselection since their information content, as needed, may be captured more cost-effectively through electronic retrieval and document delivery access.

Based on Singer's (1986) method, we investigated the effects of a four- step strategy (ready, look, do, score) on training, maintenance, and generalization of three closed skills (basketball free throw, overhand softball throw, and dart throw) by adolescents (M age = 17.2) with mild mental retardation (MR). A multiple baseline across skills design was used. Performances of 3 males and 3 females across these three skills were examined. Participants averaged a total of 46 sessions for the duration of the study. Results indicated that participants increased performance 18-56% across all three closed skills during the training phase. A total of 4 participants maintained performance on all three skills when reminders were present, and 2 decreased performance when the reminders were removed. All participants exhibited improved performance when a reinforcer was introduced. Moreover, 5 participants were able to generalize the four-step strategy to a different setting.

In this study, breast cancer knowledge, beliefs and practices in low income black women were examined. First, focus groups were held with a total of 33 participants. Information gathered from the focus groups was used to develop a telephone survey which was partially based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) and administered to 92 subjects. Utilization rates of mammography and breast self-examination (BSE) were quite high; 66.3% of survey participants reported having at least one mammogram and 72.5% performed BSE. Because low-cost mammograms were available to the survey participants, these results suggest that women in this target population will utilize accessible and affordable mammograms. Several knowledge deficiencies that need to be addressed were also identified. Most of the health beliefs were not significantly associated with mammography or BSE utilization. Because the HBM has never been extensively tested on this population, its appropriateness as a behavior model for low-income women is examined. Implications for future research and interventions are discussed.

Background. The objective of this study was to identify factors that categorize patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma into favorable and unfavorable prognostic groups at the time of initial treatment. Methods. Data were analyzed from 51 women who were treated at Yale University, had an evaluable CA 125 half-life (t 0.5), and were followed for disease recurrence for at least 2 years. Results. Grade, maximum level of CA 125, and histology did not provide useful prognostic information. Stage, residual disease, minimum CA 125, and CA 125 t 0.5 individually were predictive of persistent disease or recurrence within 3 years of diagnosis with sensitivities of 97, 70, 34, and 49%, respectively, and specificities of 33, 83, 100, and 83%, respectively. When these factors are combined, defining an unfavorable prognostic group as those patients having residual disease greater than 1 cm, CA 125 t 0.5 greater than 12 days, or minimum CA 125 never falling below 35 U/ml, sensitivity and specificity were 96 and 65%, respectively, at 1 year of follow-up and 91 and 75%, respectively, at 3 years of follow-up. Conclusions. In those patients in whom residual small volume disease after primary surgery indicates a good prognosis, minimum CA 125 and CA 125 t 0.5 during chemotherapy can further categorize patients into favorable and unfavorable prognostic groups.

Some of the early settlers of New England brought with them the works and thought of European geographers, notably Ptolemy, Munster, Cluver, Carpenter, and Varenius. Beginning in the 1600s the work of British geographers Gordon and Salmon and Guthrie and Pinkerton was acknowledged, preceding that of Jedidiah Morse, “Father of American Geography.” Morse led the way for a large number of geography texts written by Americans, emphasizing North America and characterized by Varenius's special geography. Early collegiate developments in New England geography were led by Harvard and Yale universities, the College of Rhode Island (later renamed Brown University), and Dartmouth College. The 20 or so normal schools throughout New England, introduced in the middle 1800s, constituted a nursery for geographic education. Also noted are more recent college and university geography departments established throughout the region, including notably Clark University. The founding of societies and associations in New England also furthered the cause of geography.

The professional literature on land-locked states has increased substantially in the past two decades. There is now a considerable body of writings by people in many countries around the world reporting on, inquiring into or carefully analysing most aspects of land-lockedness from various disciplinai and national viewpoints. In addition, there is a roughly equally large body of material related to land-lockedness produced by the United Nations and its organs and affiliates; by other intergovernmental organisations, including many regional and subregional groups; and by private consultants and consulting firms, chiefly in the fields of economics and engineering. © 1998 Frank Cass.

Three types of tags, external, internal, and sonic, have been used to study migration of the American lobster Homarus americanus. Tag loss and interpretation of returned tag data are serious problems associated with internal and external tags. Lobster tracking using sonic tags is still in the pilot stage. Lobster migration is redefined to include horizontal and vertical displacements. Depth of displacement is a more reasonable measurement of lobster migration than horizontal distance traveled. Two distinct lobster populations are discernable based on their ecological habitation and migratory behavior. Evidence in this review suggests that the deep-sea lobster migrates, whereas the coastal lobster may move within a limited range. © 1994, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.

The history of the Commonwealth Caribbean is replete with failed attempts at various degrees of economic and political integration. The Caribbean Sea itself is rather poor in both living and non-living resources, and the entire region-land and water-is suffering from varying degrees of environmental degradation. This article suggests that regional co-operation in the management of marine resources, particularly in the Anglophone islands of the Eastern Caribbean, could serve as an 'engine of integration'-something previous attempts lacked. There is no assurance that such an effort would be successful, however, despite good intentions, co-operation in many areas at present and some real cultural affinities. The centrifugal forces at work here are still very powerful, including parochialism and the scarcity of resources other than sun, sand and sea. © 1993.