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Since 2000, significant collections of Latest Miocene hominin fossils have been recovered from Chad, Kenya, and Ethiopia. These fossils have provided a better understanding of earliest hominin biology and context. Here, we describe five hominin teeth from two periods (ca. 5.4 Million-years-ago and ca. 6.3 Ma) that were recovered from the Adu-Asa Formation in the Gona Paleoanthropological Research Project area in the Afar, Ethiopia that we assign to either Hominina, gen. et sp. indet. or Ardipithecus kadabba. These specimens are compared with extant African ape and other Latest Miocene and Early Pliocene hominin teeth. The derived morphology of the large, non-sectorial maxillary canine and mandibular third premolar links them with later hominins and they are phenetically distinguishable and thus phyletically distinct from extant apes. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This article argues that the Acheulean is perhaps the longest lasting cultural–technological tradition in human history, dating from around 1.7 to 0.3 Mya and roughly corresponding to the time during which H. Erectus and H. Heidelbergensis lived in Africa. Unlike earlier Oldowan technology, Acheulean cores — handaxes, cleavers, and picks — were standardised, of predetermined shape and made on large cobbles and flakes. The extensive Acheulean archaeological record throughout Africa over 1.4 million years described is testimony to the success of this technology’s makers in different habitats, altitudes, and settings, but also to its apparent conservative cultural nature: a learned tradition passed on through thousands of generations of highly mobile hominin groups with small population sizes. Although there are differences between Early and Late Acheulean technology, the makers of these tools may have undergone more significant changes with respect to the use of other technologies, strategic land use, and social life.

In this article, I examine the statements and actions of two key informants, both of whom direct welfare programs in a district of the former East Berlin. I argue that this evidence points to a particular modality of political rationalization, which I dub organizational discourse. The entanglement of organizational discourse and governmentality are explored, as is the place of organizational discourse within both the liberal welfare state and the bygone state socialist regime.

Use-value and exchange-value are pragmatic features of commodity exchange which are apparent from the careful study of specific interactions, as well as from the viewpoint of economic processes at large. While Marx's well-known attempt to describe this pair of concepts in Capital (2001) takes the latter tack, I attempt here to take the formeri.e., to approach the composition of the commodity from the point of view of the pragmatics of interaction. In doing so, I offer a semiotic model of the valuation of commodities which differs from accounts given by Kockelman (2006) and Agha (2011). The ethnographic object at stake in this essay is StreetWise, a Chicago street newspaper said to have empowering effects on its vendors.

Human sacrifice in the Inca Empire at times took the form of the capacocha, a sacrificial rite involving the most beautiful children in the empire. In this study, we investigate a possible capacocha at the pre-Columbian site of Choquepukio in the Cuzco Valley of Peru. During excavations at Choquepukio in 2004, seven children (aged 3-12 years) were discovered buried together; accompanying them was an elaborate assemblage of high status artifacts similar to those from other recent archaeological finds that are believed to be capacocha sacrifices. Since colonial documents indicate that capacocha children were selected from diverse regions of the empire, we initiated a radiogenic strontium isotope analysis to determine the origins of the children found at Choquepukio. Our analysis showed that, indeed, two children in the assemblage had non-local origins. When considered together, the osteological, archaeological, and isotopic evidence suggest that a capacocha event occurred at Choquepukio, representing the only lower-elevation capacocha to have been found in the Cuzco region. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This article addresses the bioarchaeological evidence for Inca warfare through an analysis of 454 adult skeletons from 11 sites in the Inca capital region of Cuzco, Peru. These 11 sites span almost 1000 years (AD 600-1532), which allows for a comparison of the evidence for warfare before the Inca came to power (Middle Horizon AD 600-1000), during the time of Inca ascendency in the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000-1400), and after the Inca came to power and expanded throughout the Cuzco region and beyond (Inca Imperial Period, AD 1400-1532). The results indicate that 100 of 454 adults (22.0%) showed evidence of cranial trauma. Of these, 23 individuals had major cranial injuries suggestive of warfare, consisting of large, complete, and/or perimortem fractures. There was scant evidence for major injuries during the Middle Horizon (2.8%, 1/36) and Late Intermediate Period (2.5%, 5/199), suggesting that warfare was not prevalent in the Cuzco region before and during the Inca rise to power. Only in the Inca Imperial Period was there a significant rise in major injuries suggestive of warfare (7.8%, 17/219). Despite the significant increase in Inca times, the evidence for major cranial injuries was only sporadically distributed at Cuzco periphery sites and was entirely absent at Cuzco core sites. These findings suggest that while the Inca used warfare as a mechanism for expansion in the Cuzco region, it was only one part of a complex expansion strategy that included economic, political, and ideological means to gain and maintain control. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

We document evidence for trophy-taking and dismemberment with a new bioarchaeological database featuring 13,453 individuals from prehistoric central California sites. Our study reveals 76 individuals with perimortem removal of body parts consistent with trophy-taking or dismemberment; nine of these individuals display multiple types of trophy-taking and dismemberment for a total of 87 cases. Cases span almost 5,000 years, from the Early Period (3000-500 BC) to the Late Period (AD 900-1700). Collectively, these individuals share traits that distinguish them from the rest of the population: a high frequency of young adult males, an increased frequency of associated trauma, and a tendency towards multiple burials and haphazard burial positions. Eight examples of human bone artifacts were also found that appear related to trophy-taking. These characteristics suggest that trophy-taking and dismemberment were an important part of the warfare practices of central Californian tribes. Temporally, the two practices soared in the Early/Middle Transition Period (500-200 BC), which may have reflected a more complex sociopolitical system that encouraged the use of trophies for status acquisition, as well as the migration of outside groups that resulted in intensified conflict. Overall, trophy-taking and dismemberment appear to have been the product of the social geography of prehistoric central California, where culturally differentiated tribes lived in close proximity to their enemies.

A conjecture by Albertson states that if χ(G) ≥ n then cr(G) ≥ cr(Kn), where χ(G) is the chromatic number of G and cr(G) is the crossing number of G. This conjecture is true for positive integers n ≤ 16, but it is still open for n ≥ 17. In this paper we consider the statements corresponding to this conjecture where the crossing number of G is replaced with the skewness µ(G) (the minimum number of edges whose removal makes G planar), the genus γ(G) (the minimum genus of the orientable surface on which G is embeddable), and the thickness θ(G) (the minimum number of planar subgraphs of G whose union is G.) We show that the corresponding statements are true for all positive integers n when cr(G) is replaced with µ(G) or γ(G). We also show that the corresponding statement is true for infinitely many values of n, but not for all n, when cr(G) is replaced with θ(G).

The demise of America's state mental hospital system, or “deinstitutionalization,” has received much attention from sociologists and historians of medicine. Less understood is the manner in which the public experienced and came to terms with it. Using elements of folklore and horror studies, I will examine how popular films accommodated audiences to institutional decline and confirmed popular antistatist pessimism. The Exorcist (1973), One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), Halloween (1978), and When a Stranger Calls (1979) helped weave a tapestry of distrust. By endorsing popular conceptions of institutional failure and presenting mythical narratives of individualist triumph, these films helped pave a path towards the conservative Reagan era to come.

.SCHOOL NURSE RESOURCE MANUAL NINTH EDITION EVIDENCED-BASED POLICIES and PROCEDURES for SAFE STUDENT CARE. The School Nurse Resource Manual was created for school nurses as a quick reference on the many issues they encounter in their practice, and to assist them, their administrators and consulting physicians to develop consistent evidenced-based policies and procedures for safe student care. This ninth edition contains clinical guidelines that have been completely updated, expanded and revised to reflect current clinical guidelines for safe student care. ALL GUIDELINES ARE RESEARCHED, REFERENCED AND PEER REVIEWED.

.SCHOOL NURSE RESOURCE MANUAL NINTH EDITION EVIDENCED-BASED POLICIES and PROCEDURES for SAFE STUDENT CARE. The School Nurse Resource Manual was created for school nurses as a quick reference on the many issues they encounter in their practice, and to assist them, their administrators and consulting physicians to develop consistent evidenced-based policies and procedures for safe student care. This ninth edition contains clinical guidelines that have been completely updated, expanded and revised to reflect current clinical guidelines for safe student care. ALL GUIDELINES ARE RESEARCHED, REFERENCED AND PEER REVIEWED.

.SCHOOL NURSE RESOURCE MANUAL NINTH EDITION EVIDENCED-BASED POLICIES and PROCEDURES for SAFE STUDENT CARE. The School Nurse Resource Manual was created for school nurses as a quick reference on the many issues they encounter in their practice, and to assist them, their administrators and consulting physicians to develop consistent evidenced-based policies and procedures for safe student care. This ninth edition contains clinical guidelines that have been completely updated, expanded and revised to reflect current clinical guidelines for safe student care. ALL GUIDELINES ARE RESEARCHED, REFERENCED AND PEER REVIEWED.

SCHOOL NURSE RESOURCE MANUAL NINTH EDITION EVIDENCED-BASED POLICIES and PROCEDURES for SAFE STUDENT CARE. The School Nurse Resource Manual was created for school nurses as a quick reference on the many issues they encounter in their practice, and to assist them, their administrators and consulting physicians to develop consistent evidenced-based policies and procedures for safe student care. This ninth edition contains clinical guidelines that have been completely updated, expanded and revised to reflect current clinical guidelines for safe student care. ALL GUIDELINES ARE RESEARCHED, REFERENCED AND PEER REVIEWED.

The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the ambiguities and uncertainties experienced by a diverse group of African-American caregivers. The study applied Schlossberg's transition theory (TT) and Mishel’s revised uncertainty theory to narratives of self-identified African-American caregivers who provided care at least 5 h a week. The men (6) and women (8) were mostly unmarried, mostly caring for a parent or grandparent. The caregivers’ average age was 52 (SD = 19; ages ranged from 24 to 82 years); and the care recipients’ average age was 84 (SD = 9). Six care recipients had dementia and the remainder had multiple disease diagnoses. Narratives were obtained by in-depth interviews or focus group discussions. These were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim professionally and analyzed independently by trained coders. Schlossberg’s TT contextualized whereas Mishel’s RUIT illuminated the characteristics of the transition, its associated uncertainty, and their relationship to the development of caregiver stress. Situational factors such as difficulties with illness symptoms of the care recipient, conflict between previous experience and current expectations and the adjustments to the new caregiving role, burdened younger caregivers more than older caregivers. Self-factors related to lack of knowledge about the illness and feelings of lack of control. Social support was predominantly provided by family members, and its absence resulted in conflict among siblings and caregiver stress. The most common coping strategies include religiosity, expectations of reciprocity, and coming to terms with the uncertainty. Understanding the feelings, perceptions and needs of caregivers in transition is tantamount to providing nursing care.

According to a presidential task force about national college health in 2005, 14.9% of college students have been diagnosed with depression or anxiety disorders. Almost 75% of them experienced mental health problems during their early childhood or adolescence. Specifically, this paper examines the longitudinal effects of learning disability and attention disorder, and behavior disorder, of children born in 1980 – 1984, on their labor market outcomes as young adults. This study applies data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), which documents the transition from school to work, and from adolescence to adulthood. By applying a family fixed effects model with Heckman selection procedure and multinomial logistic regression, the research results show that experiencing mental health illness during childhood is associated with a decreased risk of employment, an increased risk of unemployment, and decreased weekly paid working hours. This effect is strong and significant for males, and barely discernible for females. Hence, childhood mental disorder is an important determinant of individual’s labor market outcomes. Targeting the improvement for boys’ mental illness situation might be beneficial for improving their labor market participation.

The purpose of the qualitative study was to explore the themes that counselor education master’s students perceived as impacting their experience within a counseling program. Counselor education master’s students provided their perceptions of what they attributed to helping or hindering their progress. Themes identified as impacting their experiences were academic environment, finances, job preparation, self-care, life role balance, support, mentoring and advising, and personal growth. Recommendations are provided for counselor educators to consider when structuring programs and interacting with master’s students.