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SESSION TITLE: Clinical Prediction and Diagnosis of OSA

Police social workers are crucial components of police departments when individuals or communities experience crises. They perform essential tasks, including well-being checks, crisis intervention, de-escalation, mediation, safety planning, referrals to community services, and other preventative measures to stabilize clients in crisis. The chapter will define police social work and give the reader insight into the stabilization approaches used by police social workers to prepare clients for their next level of care. The chapter begins with a brief history of the evolution of police social workers within the context of public policy and their most recent call to action to address mental health crises. The authors utilize a multi-tier approach to highlight stabilization approaches used by police social workers with a focus on empowering individuals, families, and communities to collaborate on solutions. The chapter uses case scenarios drawn from the experiences of police social workers and interns to demonstrate stabilization approaches. A racial equity, culturally responsive, and trauma-informed lens informs the approach to stabilizing client systems in law enforcement settings. © 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved.

Articles in this issue examine (1) the primary sources of variability in reading and language achievement among Spanish-speaking English learners (ELs) in the United States, (2) the extent to which poor performance at the end of grade 2 is identifiable in developmental trajectories beginning in kindergarten, (3) the relations among core reading constructs of phonological awareness and decoding in both English and Spanish and the factors that affect their relationship, (4) the performance of different approaches to identification and the factors that influence how well they work, as well as (5) the growing literature focused on intervention for reading problems in this population. This article examines the literature on language minority students and disability identification and analyzes a large-scale longitudinal dataset (>4,000 ELs; >15,000 observations) to systematically characterize and describe the oral language and reading development of Spanish-speaking children designated as ELs from kindergarten to second grade, considering a range of factors that may potentially contribute to that characterization and its relation to academic performance. This systematic characterization should facilitate the development of an empirical basis for a theoretically grounded framework of typical development in ELs in order to more precisely identify those children with language and learning disabilities.

This study investigated early indicators of Spanish-speaking English learners (ELs) at risk for reading difficulties at the end of Grade 2 by examining their early bilingual oral language development, taking into account language of academic instruction. Standardized measures of reading and narrative samples were collected in English and Spanish from kindergarten to Grade 2 from 1,243 ELs primarily instructed in English or Spanish. Conditional growth curve models yielded four primary findings of reading and oral language development. First, ELs with low reading achievement at the end of Grade 2 demonstrated early reading difficulties during kindergarten. Second, although ELs demonstrated overall higher reading achievement in their instructed language, this difference decreased over time. Third, ELs with low reading achievement at the end of Grade 2 demonstrated lower oral language skills in each language over time. Fourth, ELs demonstrated overall higher oral language skills in their instructed language, yet these differences varied over time. The study provided a detailed description of the longitudinal relations among the bilingual reading and oral language skills of Spanish-speaking ELs during the early school years. These findings help to inform the processes of early identification and intervention for Spanish-speaking ELs who are likely to demonstrate reading achievement difficulties.

Use of the first fish pheromone biopesticide, 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS) in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control requires an understanding of both how the amount 3kPZS applied to a trap relates to catch, and how that relationship varies among stream types. By conducting 3kPZS dose-response experiments over two years and across six varied trapping contexts, we conclude (1) that 3kPZS application is best standardized by how much is emitted from the trap instead of the fully mixed concentration achieved downstream, and (2) that 3kPZS is more effective in wide streams (>30 m). In wide streams, emission of 3kPZS at 50 mg hr.−1 from the trap increased capture rate by 10–15% as sea lamprey were 25–50% more likely to enter the trap after encounter. However, in narrow streams (< 15 m), 50 mg hr.−1 3kPZS generally reduced probabilities of upstream movement, trap encounter, and entrance. While 3kPZS significantly influenced upstream movement, encounter, and capture probabilities, these behaviors were also highly influenced by water temperature, stream width, sea lamprey length, and sex. This study highlights that a pheromone component in a stream environment does not ubiquitously increase trap catch in all contexts, but that where, how, and when the pheromone is applied has major impacts on whether it benefits or hinders trapping efforts.

Predator encounters during early life can elicit behavioral and physiological responses that have fitness consequences during subsequent prey life stages. In threatened lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) and other lithophilic-spawning fishes, newly hatched larvae (free embryos) are exposed to abundant predators including aquatic insect larvae that co-occupy stream substrates. We investigated stress effects on lake sturgeon larvae after encounters with common aquatic insect predators by quantifying mortality, body size, cortisol levels, and swimming behavior. Free embryos were exposed to either Perlidae (stonefly obligate predators) or Isonychiidae (mayfly filterers and facultative predators) or to no predators (controls). Free embryos that encountered perlids experienced high mortality, elevated cortisol levels, and exhibited cortisol reactivity when subsequently exposed to an acute stressor. Free embryos that encountered isonychiids exhibited elevated mortality, and elevated cortisol and cortisol reactivity relative to controls. Findings indicate that lake sturgeon free embryos are stressed by exposure to members of benthic stream communities during early life stages (predation of nearby conspecifics), and that metrics of stress exhibited threat sensitivity. Data are consistent with predictions that individuals modulate antipredator behavior in response to the intensity of perceived predation threat in the environment. We determined that behavioral outcomes associated with encounters with aquatic insects altered future behavioral trajectories, potentially as an adaptive response that can affect predation rates in subsequent life stages. Results contribute to a broader understanding of how interspecies interactions among co-occurring predator and prey communities may impact individual fitness and fish population recruitment.

Water scarcity is increasingly a global cause of concern mainly due to widespread changes in climate conditions and increased consumptive water use driven by the exponential increase in population growth. In addition, increased pollution of fresh water sources due to rising production and consumption of pharmaceuticals and organic chemicals will further exacerbate this concern. Although surface water contamination by individual chemicals is often at very low concentration, pharmaceuticals for instance are designed to be efficacious at low concentrations, creating genuine concern for their presence in freshwater sources. Furthermore, the additive impact of multiple compounds may result in toxic or other biological effects that otherwise will not be induced by individual chemicals. Globally, different legislative frameworks have led to pre-emptive efforts which aim to ensure good water ecological status. Reports detailing the use and types of effect-based measures covering specific bioassay batteries that can identify specific mode of actions of chemical pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem to evaluate the real threat of pollutants to aquatic lives and ultimately human lives have recently emerged from monitoring networks such as the NORMAN network. In this review, we critically evaluate some studies within the last decade that have implemented effect-based monitoring of pharmaceuticals and organic chemicals in aquatic fauna, evaluating the occurrence of different chemical pollutants and the impact of these pollutants on aquatic fauna with special focus on pollutants that are contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) in urban wastewater. A critical discussion on studies that have used effect-based measures to assess biological impact of pharmaceutical/organic compound in the aquatic ecosystem and the endpoints measurements employed is presented. The application of effect-based monitoring of chemicals other than assessment of water quality status is also discussed.

Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of synthetic organic surfactants that have become a global concern because of their toxicity and widespread presence in the aquatic environment and organisms globally. In this study, a new analytical method has been developed and validated for the analysis of 15 perfluorinated compounds in different water matrices: river water, drinking water and seawater. Water extraction was performed in anion exchange solid phase extraction cartridges, and extracts were analysed by liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry. Recoveries for target analytes were between 35 and 120%, depending on the water matrix. Method detection limits were in the range of 0.5–17 ng L−1. The validated method was applied to the determination of perfluorinated compounds in water samples around Ireland. Eight compounds out of fifteen were detected at least in one sample. Measured concentrations were higher in river water than seawater, and drinking water had the lowest levels, although still detectable for a considerable amount of compounds. The most prevalent compounds were PFPeA, PFOA and PFHxA, present in all types of water, and they had the highest concentrations.

Organoboron chemistry began more than 150 years ago when the synthesis and reactivity of triethylborane was described. Organoboron chemistry research has rapidly increased within the past few decades due to the increased usage of organoboron compounds in organic synthesis and biomedical applications. This chapter gives an overview of the general physical and chemical characteristics of select organoboron compounds. Only compounds incorporating a boron–carbon bond are discussed in detail.

Fear of COVID-19 has been understandably widespread, given continual exposure to dire information from pandemic media coverage and interpersonal communications. The present study addresses a limitation of the extended parallel process model in predicting fear of COVID-19 by inclusion of the concept of emotional contagion. The main gap in the literature is filled by the study’s distinctive contribution that broadens and upgrades the extended parallel process model. The model is extended by its integration with the theory of emotional processing. The study is based on a national panel of adults (N = 206). The methods include path modeling by SmartPLS. In addition, multigroup analyses examine overall model differences between gender classifications. Findings and conclusions can be used to minimize excessive fear, and at the same time to promote confidence in following official public guidance and protective regulations to cope with the pandemic. © The Author(s) 2023.

As companies continue to put data and business analytics as their top priority, universities will need to supply students with the appropriate skill sets that meet this demand and offer future opportunities to their graduates. Although business analytics is a new field, many of the required competencies stem from already established areas such as Information/Computer Technology or Information Systems. Using a sample of 225 randomly selected AACSB accredited business schools this study examined the new developments in Business Analytics undergraduate academic programs, and determined the amount of overlap between the Business Analytics and the Information/Computer Technology degree programs. Our findings reveal that approximately 36 percent of the Business Analytics programs overlap with the Information/Computer Technology programs. In addition, the top three required courses in most Business Analytics programs include a Database course, predictive analytics course, and Introduction to Business Analytics. This research provides valuable insight for schools that haven't adopted a Business Analytics degree yet or are looking to improve their existing curriculum. In addition, colleges and universities can now utilize the appropriate Information Systems courses and include them as important foundation and part of their Business Analytics programs.

Faculty teaching data analytics at undergraduate level are often faced with the tension created by student under-preparedness, the demands of the course, and time constraints. How do faculty close this gap? In this paper, we propose the use of flow diagramming as an accessible method for interpreting regression analyses, in ways that are time efficient and not alienating to the student. Our study shows that the use of such flow diagrams has a positive effect on student understanding without additional remedial instruction. Time saved can be directed at core learning objectives of the analytics.

Logistic regression (LoR) is a foundational supervised machine learning algorithm and yet, unlike linear regression, appears rarely taught early on, where analogy and proximity to linear regression would be an advantage. A random sample of 50 syllabi from undergraduate business statistics courses shows only two percent of the courses included LoR. Conceivable reasons for this dearth of LoR content is likely related to topic complexity, time constraints, and varying degrees of tool ease of use and support. We propose that these constraints can be countered by: [1] introducing logistic regression early, [2] informed tool selection prioritizing ease of use with comprehensive output, and [3] using/developing innovative, accessible, and easy to understand concept learning aids. This approach would leverage the proximity to linear regression and probability readily embed distributed practice for student understanding of a foundational technique.

Blockchain is being promoted as the platform to disrupt business as usual in many transaction-heavy sectors. Questions remain about the future standards of blockchain, their feature set, functionality, and the willingness of organisations to disrupt their existing revenue streams via blockchain.  The most significant near-term promise that affords industry is the cost and complexity savings via the standardization of their technology infrastructure stacks.  This paper explores the benefits available of reduced costs and complexity via the adoption of blockchain.

Successful property management, which can be done by individual owners or by professional property managers, has numerous interrelated complex business processes: tenant attraction, screening, leasing, tenant move-in, property maintenance, retention/lease renewals, tenant move-out, and reputation management. Property managers must be highly skilled communicators and thoroughly understand the legal implications of housing and contract law in their operating environments. The lack of affordable solutions available to small and mid-sized property managers drives their use of fragmented technology solutions provided by numerous technology vendors that employ redundant data-gathering methods, putting them at a competitive disadvantage. This research paper explores the information systems needs of property managers in contrast to the solutions available to them in the marketplace.

BACKGROUND: Adoption of the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model has been slowed by a lack of available tools to support implementation. The Wellness School Assessment Tool (WellSAT) WSCC is an online assessment tool that allows schools to evaluate the alignment of their policies with the WSCC model. This study assesses the usability of the WellSAT WSCC. METHODS: Using a convergent mixed methods design, we collected qualitative and quantitative data from 5 school-based participants with roles in development and evaluation of policy. Participants explored the platform while engaging in a think-aloud procedure and scored a sample policy using the platform. They also completed the System Usability Scale and responded to open-ended questions about the usability of the platform. RESULTS: Participants rated the WellSAT WSCC as an above-average user experience, but data suggested several areas for improvement, including improved instructions, enhanced visual design of the platform, and guidance for subsequent policy changes. CONCLUSION: The WellSAT WSCC provides an above-average user experience but can be improved to increase user experience. These improvements increase the potential for greater use to facilitate integration of the WSCC model into school policy. © 2023, American School Health Association.