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Research has shown the importance of turning points in desistance from criminal behavior. Using qualitative data from a sample of 100 formerly incarcerated mothers interviewed about their criminal behavior, this article explores their descriptions of transition moments and whether and how those moments affected their criminal behavior. The findings indicate that whereas parenting emerges as a turning point, the practical difficulties of reentry may reduce the impact of mothering on women’s desistance. More self-focused turning points, such as those due to incarceration, arrest, and sobriety appeared to be particularly important to the women’s desistance. This article emphasizes the need for research into the subjective and environmental factors that affect women’s desistance behaviors.

Academic dishonesty of students is a problem that threatens the integrity of educational institutions. Understanding the sources of academic dishonesty has become an urgent need, which compels higher educational institutions to evaluate and redesign approaches to address this problem. To develop new and important insights about this this form of student misconduct, this paper takes an integrative social cognitive perspective. It explores students’ attitudes toward various forms of academic dishonesty. The central research question concerns the impact of individual differences in moral disengagement and Machiavellianism on academic dishonesty tendencies. The study is based on a sample of 195 students at a public university in northeastern United States. Analysis was conducted by partial least squares equation modeling (SmartPLS-SEM). The analysis disclosed that, in sum, moral disengagement was strongly associated with academic dishonesty attitudes of fabricating information and both moral disengagement and Machiavellianism were associated with obtaining unfair academic dishonesty advantages. Data supported nearly all aspects of a structural model of academic dishonesty tendencies, with the exception of an association between Machiavellianism and receiving or abetting academic dishonesty, as well as an association between moral disengagement and ignoring prevalent practices that were in the predicted direction but were not significant. These findings provide a general understanding of the process by which academic dishonesty is determined. Study implications for ameliorating the impact of academic dishonesty are as follows: students should be engaged in an atmosphere full of communal morality, dissuasive of justificatory rationalizations and social arrangements that negate students’ use of moral disengagement.

The purpose of this research is to explore the decision processes that underlie the gender gap in entrepreneurial investments. The present research explores how gender congruence with a sex-typed business opportunity influences anticipated reactions from others who may provide or withhold support and resources, how these affect the assessed probability of venture success and the amount the entrepreneur is willing to invest (WTI) in the opportunity.,A theoretical model is presented and empirically tested via path analysis. A pilot and an experimental study model explore how gender congruence influences entrepreneurial investment decisions. The experimental study uses a repeated measures design examining the experimental effects two sex-typed business opportunities crossed with participant gender (gender congruence) on anticipated others’ reactions, assessed probability of venture success and investment amount (WTI).,Gender congruence of a business opportunity influences anticipated others’ reactions, whether they will be supportive or not, of pursuing the opportunity. This in turn influences the estimated probability of success of the venture and the amount the prospective entrepreneur is willing to invest in it. These socio-cognitive decision processes reinforce the gender gap in entrepreneurship since participants anticipate less access to others’ support for gender incongruent opportunities. Although the mediational model indicates most proposed relationships and paths are invariant across genders, the exception was that women did not report higher WTI for the gender congruent venture.,The research applies the latest thinking in social psychology on gender norm violations to entrepreneurship, measuring how anticipated reactions from others are a factor in predicting estimates of venture success probability and self-investments.

Research has shown that bilingual individuals might encode autobiographical memories in either their first language (L1) or their second language (L2), depending on the language spoken at the time of the event. Although language mixing is a common occurrence among multilingual speakers, previous studies have largely overlooked mixed memories – those encoded in both L1 and L2. The current study aims to bridge this research gap by analyzing a corpus of 1,297 memories (636 L1 memories, 357 L2 memories, and 305 mixed memories), with a particular focus on memory phenomenology, including factors such as vividness, emotional arousal, and personal significance. The statistical analysis revealed that mixed memories exhibited higher levels of emotional arousal and personal significance compared to memories encoded exclusively in L1 or L2. These findings underscore the unique status of mixed memories in the bilingual mind and emphasize the importance of adopting a heteroglossic approach to the study of bilingual autobiographical memory.

This paper examines the characteristics of banks and their lending behavior in relation to Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans and commercial and industrial (C&I) loans to small businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings show that lenders facing greater risk tended to lend more PPP loans, consistent with the risk-aversion theory. Specifically, banks with a higher loan–deposit ratio, lower overall profitability, poorer loan quality, and higher exposure to risks in business (C&I) loans are characterized by higher PPP loans. C&I loans to all businesses are negatively related to the loan–deposit ratio and loan loss allowance ratio, but are positively linked with the capital ratio. However, we find important differences in C&I lending to small businesses versus large businesses. Furthermore, there is evidence regarding the success of targeting PPP loans towards more productive sectors of the US economy. Using FDIC-defined banks’ lending specializations, we show that banks focused on international lending had a limited role in PPP lending.

Introduction:Though the National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice has named underrepresented minorities (URM) as key demographics in addressing the nursing shortage, this group faces significant barriers to entry into nursing practice. In the academic year 2023–2024, URM students represented nearly 46.7% of students enrolled in entry-level baccalaureate nursing programs. Although this represents an increase in URM nursing presence, more work is needed to mirror the demographics of the U.S. patient population. Connecting URM communities with local academic institutions allows a clear path to the nursing profession. Methods: An educational program tailored to the URM student was designed to address URM barriers in access to college and offered networking with local communities and hospitals. Results: Results are suggestive of definite knowledge acquisition given a robust statistical significance in nearly all categories measured; students found the topics helpful in both preparing for college and increasing their interest in the nursing profession. Conclusion: A comprehensive educational program designed to attract high school students from URM/disadvantaged backgrounds could assist in promoting successful academic outcomes. Future studies may consider a larger sample size and multi-university settings.

Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is a unique vertebrate model to examine how liver metabolomes support different reproductive functions. Juvenile sea lamprey prey on other fish species by attaching to their body and feeding on their blood and body fluids. Once reaching adulthood, they cease feeding, migrate to spawning streams and begin their final sexual maturation. During these processes, the male livers produce large quantities of bile acid pheromone precursors to be modified and released via gills, whereas the female livers synthesize vast amounts of vitellogenin (yolk lipophosphoprotein) to be transported to the ovary.

This study aims to discover the perceived awareness, benefits and suitable strategies of the Pakistani editors of Higher Education Commission (HEC)-recognized scholarly journals regarding open-access (OA) journal publishing in Pakistan.,A structured questionnaire-based survey method of quantitative research approach was adopted to achieve the study’s objectives by collecting data from the editors of 329 HEC-recognized journals in Pakistan.,The awareness level of the respondents of the Pakistani journals is low regarding the OA concepts, resources and initiatives. The respondents of OA journals have better awareness levels than the respondents of non-OA journals. All the respondents of journals are convinced and have the view that OA journals have wider benefits for the academic community, and they need to flourish. A majority of the respondents are of the view that HEC should sponsor financial resources and technical training for OA journal publishing. The respondents of OA journals are more in favor of supporting OA journal publishing than the respondents of non-OA journals.,This study covered the lists of HEC-recognized journals of 2019. More studies may be conducted based on updated lists of HEC-recognized journals by using different research paradigms such as qualitative or pragmatic research approaches.,To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive study on this phenomenon and is an effort to fill this gap and invigorate the scholarly literature. It may attract the attention of the policymakers, funding bodies, parent institutions of the journals and the HEC to cope with the low awareness level of the Pakistani editors regarding the OA concepts, resources and initiatives; and suitable strategies required to uplift the OA journal publishing paradigm in Pakistan.

The Philippines has had high levels of unemployment for years. During the 2000s, the unemployment rate hovered between seven and ten percent. High unemployment can have adverse effects on individuals and society. The question that this paper analyses is how unanticipated money growth affect the unemployment situation in the Philippines. There has been literature on the relationship between unanticipated growth on the money supply and unemployment. The paper proposes that only unanticipated money movements will affect real economic variables like unemployment and the output level. In order to test our hypothesis, it is important that we need to quantify the concepts of anticipated and unanticipated money movements. This paper uses time-series data on several economic variables as well as a model based on Geetha et al. (2023). Using an error-correction model, the results show that an unanticipated increase in M2 money is a factor that contributes to unemployment in Philippines.

This pathbreaking book brings to bear a sweeping body of contemporary intersectional feminist work to disrupt the entire discipline of criminology. Women have been largely absent from criminological theory, research, policy, and practice. This fresh, conversational book critiques the field's dominant theories by analyzing gendered patterns of perpetration and victimization and challenging traditional criminological perspectives on characteristics such as race and queerness. Designed as a rebuttal to conventional criminology textbooks, the book mirrors standard course content through an intersectional feminist lens, offering students a valuable opportunity to question the field's underpinnings and forge a new path to understanding the true meaning of justice.   Organized in fourteen chapters, each chapter includes accessible learning aids for students: A review of how traditional criminology textbooks cover the topic Critical perspectives on the topic Critical thinking breaks Intersectional Feminist Criminology is a timely intervention and companion to the curriculum that helps to imagine a new world and ultimately lays out a clear abolitionist vision as an alternative to the American criminal legal system.

The practice of racial stacking continues to play a significant role in the National Football League (NFL or the League). This paper explores the effects of racial stacking on NFL hiring practices by enumerating examples of the selection of football players and how it fosters a disadvantageous environment for Blacks who desire to become head coaches and leaders of sport franchises. With data analysis that showcases hiring practices that affect Black and Brown head coaches and front-office personnel, the paper traces the hiring of Black presidents, general managers, and head coaches while critically assessing indicators of color blindness within the pipeline to NFL leadership positions. We contend that channeling athletes to specific playing positions on a team adversely affects their chances of advancing to leadership roles as coaches and team executives.

Mexican artistic influence at the beginning of the twentieth century was prevalent in America, most notably muralism, but also talent associated with the movies. This influenced the way Mexico was perceived in the United States, and by extension the way Lupe Vélez and Dolores del Río, the most successful Mexican actresses in early Hollywood, were appreciated. Both actresses had come to Hollywood to fulfill their dream of a career in the movies. At first, they were successful playing a variety of roles in silent movies, but once sound arrived, their accents made obvious their foreignness at a time when American culture was beginning to spread around the world and to establish its preeminence. They were aware of the challenges they faced and knew there was a price to pay if they wanted to continue in a business where the public decided, at a time when Americans distrusted foreigners. So, if that price was to overplay her earthy Mexicaness, in the case of Vélez, or emphasize her aristocratic image, in the case of del Río, they were ready to pay it. Mexico became the other par excellence in the early twentieth century, and these heavily accented actresses were evidence of that.

Students identified with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) often display a variety of challenging behaviors that can significantly affect both their learning and the dynamics of the student–teacher relationship. Addressing these challenges necessitates the development of authentic, meaningful connections between teachers and students, achieved through applying strategies designed to support student behavior and solidify a trusting relationship. This article introduces the TRUST mnemonic framework, a comprehensive, trauma-informed approach to help teachers build rapport, foster trust, engage, and support students with EBD. The framework encapsulates five principal strategies: transforming perceptions of challenging student behaviors, rapport-building, utilizing restorative practices, supplying choices, and teaming with student caregivers. Together, these strategies provide a structured model for fostering positive relationships and educational experiences while supporting student behavior, ultimately contributing to improved outcomes for students with EBD.

Leo Kanner’s classic description of autism appeared eight decades ago. Although the pace of research has increased dramatically, research specifically focused on adolescents and adults remains limited in many respects. Numerous outcome studies have been conducted and suggest potential for markedly improved outcome with intervention. Unfortunately, studies on adults after early adulthood are sparse and, for old age, almost nonexistent, reflecting a lack of support for research in this population. This is in stark contrast to other developmental disorders in which considerable information on adult life is often available. This book summarizes work across areas, focusing on what is known and not yet known, highlighting important areas for future research. While overall outcome has improved, a small group of individuals remain in need of high levels of adult care. For all individuals, the field requires new approaches to both research and clinical service.

Despite the ethical concerns over the datafication and surveillance of individuals and groups, companies are making ever greater investments in big data. The assumptions underpinning this movement are: (1) organizations are passive implementers of big data—more data is the inevitable consequence of technology and a competitive necessity for business, (2) more data offers a more objective and accurate picture of reality and (3) more data enables better prediction. We argue that this perspective is strategically unsustainable and abdicates ethical responsibility.

Communicated Stereotypes at Work highlights the pervasiveness and complexity of stereotypes in the workplace by analyzing the role they play in a variety of professional settings. Contributors exp...

To gain a full perspective about English in Syria, it is necessary to focus on English learning in the past and present. The focus of the learning and teaching of the English language in Syria prior to 2011 consisted of various factors such as length of exposure to language, teacher preparation, qualifications, cross-linguistic transfer, and textbooks. The interruptions in schooling, brain drain, and depletion of resources were additional factors that influenced the learning and teaching of English in Syria in the post-2011 era. The entry concludes with a proposal that conscientious efforts are needed to enhance the teaching of English in Syria.

ObjectivesThis study has been designed to determine Pakistani editors’ perceptions regarding the Open Access (OA) publishing practices of the Higher Education Commission (HEC)-recognized journals in Pakistan, and to assess their best OA publishing models.MethodologyA structured questionnaire-based survey method of quantitative research approach was adopted to achieve the study’s objectives by collecting data from the editors of all 329 HEC-recognized journals in Pakistan.FindingsThis study exposed that public and teaching institutes are leading in OA journal publishing in Pakistan as compared to private and research institutes. Diamond OA, and Gold OA publishing models are popular among the respondents; however, respondents are not convinced to follow any specific OA publishing model due to their different choices. A large majority (92%) of the journals belong to the Y category (the lowest) of journals. A large majority (72%) of the journals in Pakistan is adopting the Open Journal System (OJS), and parent institutions installed web browsers. CC-BY-NC and CC-BY licenses are their favorite licenses.SignificanceThe present study is the first comprehensive study on editors’ perceptions for OA journal publishing and is an effort to fill this gap to invigorate the scholarly literature. This study may enable the journals, editors, and publishers to follow the best OA journal publishing practices of the Pakistani journals for global OA usage of scholarly journals. The results have practical and theoretical ramifications for academic and research institutions, federal and provincial higher education commissioners, policy organizations, and parent institutions of journals.

This introduction synthesizes the research presented by the contributors to this special issue to explore sustainable educational practices for refugees. A common thread across the articles is that they share components of Nel Noddings’ ethics of care framework, which emphasizes establishing welcoming, nurturing, and supportive environments that enable refugees to build meaningful relationships while honoring their cultural identities. We recommend action steps gleaned from the 11 papers in this issue that call for the concerted efforts of all those involved. Central to this vision are teachers, who serve as the backbone of the education system; however, to fulfill this role, they must be equipped with the necessary resources and skills to foster culturally responsive educational environments that emphasize students’ identities and provide equitable learning. This introduction underscores the importance of holistic and relational approaches as foundational to achieving sustainable educational equity for refugee learners.