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The study examined granularity of lexical partitioning of the blue area in speakers of English, which encodes the term blue; Russian, which encodes two terms, sinij [dark/navy blue] and goluboj [light/sky blue]; and Ukrainian, which encodes the terms synij [dark/navy blue] and blakytnyj and golubyj [light/sky blue]. Five groups of participants took part in the study: (1) 30 L1 speakers of English, (2) 30 L1 speakers of Russian, (3) 30 Russian–English bilinguals, (4) 30 English–Russian bilinguals, and (5) 25 Ukrainian–Russian–English trilinguals. Quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed that L1 Russian speakers referred to different types of blue significantly more frequently than all other groups, while bilinguals patterned with L1 English speakers. These findings suggest that classroom exposure to L2 Russian does not make the distinction between sinij and goluboj communicatively relevant for L1 English speakers and that everyday use of L2 English may trigger attrition of the contrast in L1 Russian.

Motivated by recent productivity-based theories of diversification, we argue that only conglomerates with an optimal degree of diversification can utilize their comparative advantages across various industries and achieve economies of scope by eliminating redundancies. Evidence from both corporate bond and equity markets suggests that optimally diversified conglomerates consist of either (1) approximately five equally weighted divisions, or (2) one large core business segment that roughly accounts for 75 % sales. Moreover, the relative size of divisions has a critical impact on how diversification affects credit spreads and excess values. Nonparity among divisions correlates with greater costs that increase with the number of divisions.

Rural communities, compared with their urban counterparts, have higher rates of disease and adverse health conditions, fueling disparities in health outcomes. This encourages the need for effective curricula to engage students and enable them to address such disparate health outcomes as imminent health professionals. Incorporating learner-centered teaching strategies, such as collaboration and power-sharing, into public health (PH) courses can enhance student learning and help faculty enable future health professionals to address needs of rural, underserved populations. Successfully engaging students to explore issues related to rural health disparities in their education, research, and training can thereby advance PH practice. This paper describes the collaborative efforts of five PH faculty, an instructional designer, and administrators to develop a learner-centered curriculum for a newly launched PH program in a rural Midwestern United States (US) university.

An ongoing challenge in the preparation of school psychologists, particularly in the first year of graduate training, is finding learning experiences that provide students with an opportunity to apply foundational skills, such as consultation and data-based decision-making, in a culturally responsive manner. Service-learning is a well-established teaching mechanism designed to address just this need, yet there is scant scholarship on ways to utilize this methodology in school psychology training. This manuscript describes a service-learning experience at an urban tutoring center in which first-year school psychology Ed.S. and Ph.D. students gathered agency-wide comprehensive academic screening data and provided targeted consultation support in the area of reading comprehension to identified fourth- through sixth-grade students and their tutors. Indicators of the positive impact of this work across stakeholder groups is provided.

The provision of educational and psychological services in schools is confronted by major social challenges. Inasmuch as the problems of our society encroach on the fulfillment of educational goals, a solution to these problems may lie in the manner in which educators—specifically school psychologists—approach their work with students, families, and communities. This chapter argues that the intentional practice of school psychology through a social justice lens enacts the potential of school psychologists who aim to serve as agents of positive change. As an aspirational goal, lens for viewing the world, and as a set of action steps, social justice is increasingly referenced and embedded in school psychology training, research, and practice. But what is social justice and how can we best prepare school psychologists to deliver services using a social justice framework? These are the topics explored in this chapter. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)

In this research, we find that incentive valence and construal-level mindsets can interact to influence behavioral persistence on challenging tasks. An abstract mindset improves persistence in response to positively framed incentives whereas a concrete mindset improves persistence in response to negatively framed incentives. This interaction effect can be observed even when the cues inducing construal-level mindsets are not related to the incentives or the incentivized tasks. Participants in our studies were either positively or negatively incentivized to solve a set of difficult anagrams, and were primed with an abstract or a concrete mindset using spatial (Study 1) and social (Study 2) cues. The participants persisted longer in response to the positively framed incentive when primed with spatially or socially remote cues. In contrast, for the negatively framed incentive, participants persisted longer when primed with spatially or socially proximal cues. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Our goal as physical educators is to help all students develop the knowledge, skills and dispositions to be physically active for a lifetime. Despite efforts to address the diverse needs of students through quality physical education, the reality is that some students still need additional support beyond physical education to achieve their full potential. Response to intervention (RTI) is a proactive approach to educational-service delivery that relies on data-driven decision making to identify student needs and to tailor support. Traditionally, RTI has focused on addressing the needs of lower-performing students through tiered interventions. The purpose of this article is to review the basic principles of RTI, discuss how they have been applied in physical education thus far, and expand the conceptual framework so it can be used to address the needs of both higher- and lower-performing students.

Recent species-extrapolation approaches to the prediction of the potential effects of pharmaceuticals present in the environment on wild fish are based on the assumption that pharmacokinetics and metabolism in humans and fish are comparable. To test this hypothesis, we exposed fathead minnows to the opiate pro-drug tramadol and examined uptake from the water into the blood and brain and the metabolism of the drug into its main metabolites. We found that plasma concentrations could be predicted reasonably accurately based on the lipophilicity of the drug once the pH of the water was taken into account. The concentrations of the drug and its main metabolites were higher in the brain than in the plasma, and the observed brain and plasma concentration ratios were within the range of values reported in mammalian species. This fish species was able to metabolize the pro-drug tramadol into the highly active metabolite O-desmethyl tramadol and the inactive metabolite N-desmethyl tramadol in a similar manner to that of mammals. However, we found that concentration ratios of O-desmethyl tramadol to tramadol were lower in the fish than values in most humans administered the drug. Our pharmacokinetic data of tramadol in fish help bridge the gap between widely available mammalian pharmacological data and potential effects on aquatic organisms and highlight the importance of understanding drug uptake and metabolism in fish to enable the full implementation of predictive toxicology approaches.

Can the story of social work be told through Objects? Might a collection of objects be more illuminating than a formal text book or a dry definition? In this engaging, photographic book, Mark Doel curates a collection of 127 objects contributed by people from around the globe to evoke a sense of social work - past, present and future. Written as a Guide to an Exhibition of Social Work, this is the ideal book to introduce social work to newcomers, and to entertain those with long experience of the profession. The objects are presented by a diverse group of people with different perspectives on social work, but with a common imagination.--From publisher.

Asian American and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) are the fastest growing population in the United States with documented increases in HIV rates. AAPIs are as likely as other racial/ethnic groups to engage in HIV-related risk behaviors, while being concomitantly less likely to have been HIV tested. Testing is a critical step in HIV prevention. Research points to various barriers to HIV-related testing including HIV knowledge and attitude and stigma. However, these factors and their impact among AAPIs are poorly understood. Myths about this population's “model minority” status compound AAPIs' sociocultural factors including English language proficiency, access to healthcare, and a culture of “silence” that negatively influences HIV-related research. In this article, the authors review the scientific literature on knowledge, risk behavior, and stigma to document the current state of research. Based on the review the authors offer a set of research, policy, and practice recommendations for social workers and other service providers working with AAPIs.

The most up-to-date reference of its kind, Encyclopedia of the American Presidency, Third Edition is the definitive guide to the role of the president from the American Revolution through the present day.

The most up-to-date reference of its kind, Encyclopedia of the American Presidency, Third Edition is the definitive guide to the role of the president from the American Revolution through the present day.

The most up-to-date reference of its kind, Encyclopedia of the American Presidency, Third Edition is the definitive guide to the role of the president from the American Revolution through the present day.

The most up-to-date reference of its kind, Encyclopedia of the American Presidency, Third Edition is the definitive guide to the role of the president from the American Revolution through the present day.

Praise for the Third Edition:“The third edition of this outstanding resource reflects the many advances in the care of older people that have occurred since the publication of the second edition…The vast bulk of the content is accessible and relevant to an international audience. The indexing and cross-referencing are excellent... Score: 5/5 stars."-- Margaret Arthur, Nursing Standard"The information [in this book] is amazing. I reviewed topics in which I have expertise and was very satisfied. This is an excellent addition to my library and I will refer to it often, much like a medical dictionary... Score: 90, 4 Stars."--Doody's Medical Reviews“Provides 273 comprehensive, yet succinct, entries on a variety of topics related to elder care. In addition, many of the entries include see also references that help readers easily navigate the book. Recommended."--Choice: Current Reviews for Academic LibrariesThis expanded, one-of-a-kind reference of more than 250 entries provides a comprehensive guide to all of the essential elements of elder care across a breadth of health and social service disciplines. Responding to the needs of providers, directcare workers, family, and other caregivers, the diverse array of entries included in this encyclopedia recognize and address the complex medical, social, and psychological problems associated with geriatric care. In addition to a brief, accessible summary of each topic, entries include several key references, including web links and mobile apps for additional sources of information.This updated edition contains more than 30 new entries written by renowned experts that address a variety of elder care topics.New to the Fourth Edition:New entries addressing Ethics Consultation, Eye Disorders, Pain – Acute and Chronic, and many othersKey Features:Provides succinct descriptions of over 250 key topics for health and social service cliniciansOffers crucial information for elder care providers across all settings and disciplinesDistills current, evidence-based literature sourcesWritten by nationally recognized expert researchers and cliniciansIncludes links to useful websites and mobile apps