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Tomato plant diseases pose a significant threat to agricultural productivity, resulting in substantial economic losses. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective disease management. This paper describes the design and implementation of expert systems for tomato disease detection using the CLIPS (C Language Integrated Production System) platform. The tool is designed to help farmers and agronomists accurately identify diseases affecting tomato crops by simulating knowledge from professional experts. We carefully developed a set of rules to distinguish leaf blight symptoms from those of other tomato diseases and provided recommendations to minimize crop losses and maximize yields. The expert system was developed using a forward-chaining inference engine, and its performance was evaluated through a set of real-world test cases, demonstrating a high level of accuracy and consistency in decision-making. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.

With the increasing interest in natural language processing, text summarization has become essential for condensing large volumes of data into concise and meaningful summaries. Extractive summarization, which involves selecting key sentences based on textual features, has gained attention due to its efficiency and effectiveness. This research explores extractive summarization using multiple machine learning classifiers, including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Trees (DT), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Random Forest (RF). Our findings indicate that the Random Forest model achieved the highest accuracy, reaching 80% in classifying sentences for summary generation. Additionally, we evaluated text classification on the same BBC dataset using ChatGPT, which attained an accuracy of 62%. Furthermore, comparisons with results from prior research confirm the competitive performance of our approach, reinforcing the potential of machine learning models in extractive summarization. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.

High-energy, heavy-ion collisions can create local domains of chirality-imbalanced quarks, reflecting the topological features of quantum chromodynamics. The chiral magnetic effect (CME) predicts an electric charge separation of quarks in such topological domains along the magnetic field (B) generated by the passing of two high-Z nuclei. We use a correlation observable Δγ112 between charged meson pairs to detect the CME-induced charge separation and a novel event shape selection (ESS) method to mitigate the background effects related to elliptic flow (v2). The ESS method classifies events based on the emission pattern of final-state particles and determines Δγ(Formula presented) from the zero-flow limit. We reconstruct the B field direction from the spectator nucleons, which minimizes backgrounds unrelated to the collective motion of the system. In this work, we report the measurements of Δγ112 and a background indicator Δγ132 in Au + Au collisions from the Brookhaven National Laboratory Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) Beam Energy Scan phase II and at the top RHIC energy. After background suppression, Δγ(Formula presented) aligns with zero, and Δγ(Formula presented) is reduced to no more than 20% of Δγ112. We observe a finite residual charge separation with 2.5σ, 3σ, and 3.2σ significance in the 20-50% centrality range of Au + Au collisions at 11.5, 14.6, and 19.6 GeV. The results at 17.3 and 27 GeV also show positive values but with a lower significance of 1.3σ and 1.1σ, respectively. The corresponding ΔγΈ5ΕΕ values at 7.7, 9.2, and 200 GeV are consistent with zero within uncertainties. © (2026), (American Physical Society). All right reserved.

Rapidity-odd directed flow v 1 measurements are presented for K ± and KS0 in Au + Au collisions for sNN from 3.0 to 3.9 GeV with the STAR experiment. For comparison, v 1 of π ± , protons, and Λ from the same collisions are also discussed. The mid-rapidity v 1 slope dv1/dy|y=0 for protons and Λ is positive in these collisions. On the other hand, v 1 slope of kaons exhibits a strong pT dependence: negative at pT< 0.6 GeV/ c and positive at higher pT. A similar pT dependence is also evident for the v 1 slope of charged pions. Compared to the spectator-removed calculations in Au+Au collisions at sNN= 3.0–3.9 GeV, the JAM model demonstrates a pronounced shift of the v 1 slopes of mesons towards the negative direction. It suggests that the shadowing effect of the spectators plays an important role in the observed kaon anti-flow at low pT in the high baryon density region of non-central collisions. © 2026 The Authors.

BACKGROUND: Following greater than or equal to 48-h intubation, one-third of acute respiratory failure (ARF) patients aspirate. Laryngeal edema has been identified as a potentially modifiable risk factor of post-extubation aspiration. The aim of this case-control study was to characterize the anatomical distribution of post-extubation laryngeal edema and to correlate anatomical laryngeal edema severity with aspiration risk in ARF survivors. The study also assessed whether patient weakness influenced the relationship between laryngeal edema and aspiration risk. METHODS: Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) videos from 120 patients (60 aspirators, 60 non-aspirators) were obtained from a previous multicenter observational study. Laryngeal edema was rated in eight locations using the Revised Patterson Edema Scale (RPES). Aspiration status was determined by a clinical rater core, and patient weakness was assessed using peak cough flow and pharyngeal medialization outcomes. Bivariate associations with aspiration were tested using Fisher's exact tests. Logistic regression models were used to test for associations between anatomical laryngeal edema severity and risk of aspiration. Logistic regression models were fit to explore whether weakness modified the relationship between edema and aspiration risk. RESULTS: The strongest anatomic predictor of post-extubation aspiration was the presence of aryepiglottic fold edema (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 5.74, p = 0.009, FDR-adjusted p = 0.073). Weakness independently increased aspiration risk [aOR = 3.93 (95%CI = 1.42, 11.9), p = 0.011], but without evidence of an interaction effect with edema (p = 0.15). CONCLUSION: These findings can inform future research studying the influence of laryngeal edema on aspiration risk, as well as interventional studies aimed at reducing adverse outcomes associated with laryngeal edema. © 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Background: The experiences of patients with COVID-19 and their families manifested the most devastating effects of family separation since the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic and, with it, a call for solutions to patient isolation and its effect on family mental health. Objective: This study examined the recent experiences of families of critical care (intensive care unit; ICU) patients related to anxiety and depression (AD), satisfaction with clinician-family communication, and counseling from mental health and social services. This study explored correlations between these factors and family interest in mobile health (mHealth) designed to improve information flow and communication from patient bedside to remote families. Methods: Using a 36-question quantitative survey, we collected 97 responses over 6 months. We selected participants by using a convenience sampling strategy. To analyze data, we applied descriptive and inferential statistics. Participants represented a spectrum of ages, relationships to patients, and races (n=78, 80% White; n=17, 18% Black; n=2, 2% other races). Approximately 17% (n=16) of the patients were admitted for cancer, 13% (n=13) were admitted for COVID-19, and 21% (n=20) were admitted for other conditions. Results: The mean score for remote families’ satisfaction with patient health updates from the bedside and mental health services was 2.94 (SD 1.31), whereas that for phone communication was lower on average. The mean scores of family AD levels were elevated, and levels were higher among family members during the ICU stay than after discharge. These findings confirmed evidence of a negative correlation between transportation difficulties and satisfaction with the frequency of information provided (r=−0.284; P=.005), suggesting that, with the increase in transportation challenges, families become less satisfied with the frequency of patient health information. Family members expressed strong interest in using mHealth information and communication services (mean 8.34, SD 1.98) and having easy access to social workers to manage AD (mean 8.29, SD 2.03). Families experiencing higher levels of anxiety during patients’ ICU stays had significantly greater interest in the use of an mHealth app that would provide direct access to social workers (r=0.326; P<.001), in using an mHealth videoconferencing app (r=0.319; P=.002), and in overall mHealth app use (r=0.322; P<.001). Conclusions: Family members experienced high levels of AD during patient ICU admission, as well as after discharge even though their mental health challenges were reduced. Families were highly dissatisfied with the frequency of health updates, with lower satisfaction reported among those who faced difficulties arranging transportation or lived further from the hospital. Modest but statistically significant correlations were observed between family members’ reported mental health status during ICU stays and an interest in an mHealth app that could provide access to real-time bedside information, facilitate communication with bedside nurses, and support connections with social workers. ©Anthony Faiola, Saira Soroya, Zhonglin Hao, Reinhold Munker.

This paper examines a small group of sixteenth-century manuscript maps made in Normandy to argue that the placement and properties of the female figures positioned on them were deliberate and strategic. It inventories the locations where female figures can be found on the maps and concludes that the women served as elements not only of design and decoration but also of desire, intended to attract the interest and enhance the appeal of the distant sites where French navigators hoped to establish trade and settlement. The female figures, often nude and prominently placed, communicated the beauty and fertility of the potential colonies, and their passivity and tractable character. The women on the maps were both bait and reward to the powerful male viewers to whom the maps were addressed. © 2026 British Cartographic Society.

When most people think of the use of animals in traditional systems of medicine, what springs to mind is one kind or another of megafauna such as rhinoceros, bears, sharks, and others. Sometimes more mundane creatures such as pangolins are included. However, invertebrates and substances produced by them have been used in Asian systems of medicine since the earliest records of materia medica from the region were created. Animals used range from shellfish and crustaceans to various insects and insect products such as cocoons, honey, and beeswax. In terms of their role in the food chain, and as pollinators, invertebrates are as crucial to the health, indeed the survival, of ecosystems in Asia and elsewhere as are megafauna. Loss and degradation of habitat is probably affecting more invertebrates than medicalization. Still, the expansion of medicalization in Asia and beyond is contributing to the danger many populations of invertebrates currently face. This article gives an overview of the place of invertebrates in Vietnamese traditional medicine and then presents a case study of two varieties of honey- and beeswax-producing bees found in northern mainland Southeast Asia and southern China: Apis dorsata F. and Apis cerana. © C. Michele Thompson, 2026. Published with license by Koninklijke Brill BV

We report measurements of charmonium sequential suppression in Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr collisions at sNN=200 GeV with the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The inclusive yield ratio of ψ(2S) to J/ψ as a function of transverse momentum is reported, along with the centrality dependence of the double ratio, defined as the ψ(2S) to J/ψ ratio in heavy-ion collisions relative to that in p+p collisions. In the 0-80% centrality class, the double ratio is found to be 0.41±0.10 (stat)±0.03 (syst)±0.02 (ref), lower than unity with a significance of 5.6 standard deviations. This provides experimental evidence that ψ(2S) is significantly more suppressed than J/ψ in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. This sequential suppression pattern seems to increase from peripheral to central collisions, but with no significant dependence on the transverse momentum. © 2026 American Physical Society.

The same dataset can be analysed in different justifiable ways to answer the same research question, potentially challenging the robustness of empirical science1-3. In this crowd initiative, we investigated the degree to which research findings in the social and behavioural sciences are contingent on analysts' choices. We examined a stratified random sample of 100 studies published between 2009 and 2018, in which, for one claim per study, at least five reanalysts independently reanalysed the original data. The statistical appropriateness of the reanalyses was assessed in peer evaluations, and the robustness indicators were inspected along a range of research characteristics and study designs. We found that 34% of the independent reanalyses yielded the same result (within a tolerance region of ±0.05 Cohen's d) as the original report; with a four times broader tolerance region, this indicator increased to 57%. Of the reanalyses conducted, 74% reached the same conclusion as the original investigation, 24% yielded no effects or inconclusive results and 2% reported the opposite effect. This exploratory study indicates that the common single-path analyses in social and behavioural research should not be simply assumed to be robust to alternative analyses4. Therefore, we recommend the development and use of practices to explore and communicate this neglected source of uncertainty. © 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

The Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC (STAR) experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider reports new measurements of jet quenching based on the semi-inclusive distribution of charged-particle jets recoiling from direct photon (γdir) and neutral pion (π0) triggers in pp and central Au + Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV for triggers in the range 9 < ET trig < 20 GeV. The datasets have integrated luminosities of 3.9 nb−1 for Au + Au and 23 pb−1 for pp collisions. Jets are reconstructed using the anti-kT algorithm with resolution parameters R = 0.2 and 0.5. The large uncorrelated jet background in central Au + Au collisions is corrected using a mixed-event approach, which enables precise charged-particle jet measurements at low transverse momentum pch T,jet and large R. Recoil-jet distributions are reported in the range pch T,jet < 25 GeV/c. Comparison of the distributions measured in pp and Au + Au collisions reveals strong medium-induced jet yield suppression for R = 0.2 with markedly less suppression for R = 0.5. Comparison is also made to theoretical models incorporating jet quenching. These data provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying jet quenching and the angular dependence of medium-induced jet-energy transport and provide new constraints on modeling such effects. © 2025 American Physical Society

Background: Following greater than or equal to 48-h intubation, one-third of acute respiratory failure (ARF) patients aspirate. Laryngeal edema has been identified as a potentially modifiable risk factor of post-extubation aspiration. The aim of this case–control study was to characterize the anatomical distribution of post-extubation laryngeal edema and to correlate anatomical laryngeal edema severity with aspiration risk in ARF survivors. The study also assessed whether patient weakness influenced the relationship between laryngeal edema and aspiration risk. Methods: Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) videos from 120 patients (60 aspirators, 60 non-aspirators) were obtained from a previous multicenter observational study. Laryngeal edema was rated in eight locations using the Revised Patterson Edema Scale (RPES). Aspiration status was determined by a clinical rater core, and patient weakness was assessed using peak cough flow and pharyngeal medialization outcomes. Bivariate associations with aspiration were tested using Fisher’s exact tests. Logistic regression models were used to test for associations between anatomical laryngeal edema severity and risk of aspiration. Logistic regression models were fit to explore whether weakness modified the relationship between edema and aspiration risk. Results: The strongest anatomic predictor of post-extubation aspiration was the presence of aryepiglottic fold edema (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 5.74, p = 0.009, FDR-adjusted p = 0.073). Weakness independently increased aspiration risk [aOR = 3.93 (95%CI = 1.42, 11.9), p = 0.011], but without evidence of an interaction effect with edema (p = 0.15). Conclusion: These findings can inform future research studying the influence of laryngeal edema on aspiration risk, as well as interventional studies aimed at reducing adverse outcomes associated with laryngeal edema. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026.

Glioma is the most common brain neoplasm that features aggressive behavior with a dismal prognosis. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene mutation in glioma is an early genetic event in gliomagenesis that occurs in virtually every tumor cell and can cause profound metabolic changes. In this manuscript, we report for the first time the analysis of Raman optical signatures of IDH genotypes for human glioma using visible resonance Raman (VRR) spectroscopy. We demonstrated that VRR is a rapid, label-free, and objective method as an alternative to the existing methods for the rapid intraoperative determination of IDH mutation status with high accuracy. This study shows AI-assisted VRR has the potential to provide a new optical molecular biomarker and perform early diagnosis of glioma, which is of great importance for current guiding surgical strategies and even for targeting in situ therapies in the future. © 2026 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

Inhibitory Smads (I-Smads) regulate TGF-β/BMP signaling through multiple distinct mechanisms, but whether different tissues preferentially employ specific mechanisms remains unknown. To address this question, we performed structure–function analyses of the Drosophila I-Smad, Dad, and its vertebrate orthologs Smad6 and Smad7 in neural and wing tissues, measuring outputs of BMP signaling in vivo. We identified a 24–amino acid putative DNA-binding domain within the MH1 domain of Dad that is essential for inhibitory function in wing tissue but unessential in neural tissue. Structural analyses revealed that ΔDNA-binding domain disrupts a β-hairpin structure homologous to R-Smad DNA-binding regions. We also found that Dad requires an intact MH1 domain to disrupt wing development, whereas either MH1 or MH2 can independently disrupt BMP signaling in motor neurons. These findings support a model where Dad functions through MH1-mediated transcriptional regulation in wing primordium, but through multiple mechanisms in neurons. Comparative analysis revealed that vertebrate I-Smad orthologs also show tissue-specific activity patterns, with structural predictions suggesting that Smad6 retains ancestral DNA-binding capacity, whereas Smad7 has evolved enhanced MH2-mediated functions. These results reveal context-dependent mechanisms of I-Smads that further the understanding of TGF-β/BMP pathway regulation. © 2026, Life Science Alliance, LLC. All rights reserved.

The fear of missing out (FoMO)—the apprehension that others are having rewarding experiences in one's absence—has been linked to diminished well-being and maladaptive behaviors. While research has primarily focused on neurotypical populations, little is known about how FoMO associates with and manifests in neurodiverse cognitive profiles. The present study examined associations between general and workplace FoMO and individual differences in ADHD symptoms, autistic traits, and internal cognitive representation styles (visual imagery, internal verbalization, representational manipulation) in a U.S. sample of full-time employees ( N = 302). Across both regression and machine learning analyses, ADHD symptoms emerged as the most robust and consistent predictor of FoMO in both domains. Visual imagery significantly predicted general FoMO, whereas internal verbalization and representational manipulation showed stronger associations with workplace FoMO. Autistic traits, as measured by the AQ-10, were not significantly related to FoMO. Classification models (e.g., logistic regression, SVM) distinguished high versus low FoMO participants with moderate-to-high accuracy, with ADHD symptoms consistently ranked as the most influential feature. These findings extend the literature by highlighting domain-specific predictors of FoMO and the potential of neurodiversity-informed approaches for understanding and addressing FoMO in both social and occupational settings. © 2026 Elsevier Ltd.

Context. We present an observational and theoretical study of the complex stellar system S1082 in the open cluster M67. This system consists of at least four stars: a blue straggler in a 1.07-day eclipsing binary with a main sequence star (binary A) and another blue straggler in a 1185-day orbit with an unknown companion (binary B). Aims. We analyzed observational data to obtain the orbital and stellar parameters of the components of the eclipsing system. We then explored mass transfer and dynamical encounter scenarios that could explain the derived properties of all of the components of S1082. Methods. We combined high-precision photometry from K2 and TESS with archival light curves, new radial-velocity measurements, and speckle imaging to refine the orbital and physical parameters of the system. To explore the formation pathways, we conducted binary evolution simulations with MESA and dynamical scattering experiments with FEWBODY, followed by a tidal evolution modeling procedure. Results. Our revised radial-velocity solutions yield significantly changed dynamical masses for binary A, reducing the tension with the cluster turnoff mass compared to previous studies. Speckle imaging shows two resolved components separated by 390 AU in projection and, in combination with the two spectroscopic orbits, this is suggestive of a hierarchical quadruple configuration. Our results suggest that the two blue stragglers formed separately, with later dynamical encounters assembling the present configuration. This work underscores the importance of stellar dynamics in shaping the evolution of complex stellar systems within cluster environments such as M67. © The Authors 2026.

Underserved communities face persistent challenges due to limited access to healthcare services. Digital volunteering offers opportunities for healthcare professionals to support these populations remotely. This study examined factors associated with healthcare workers’ intentions to participate in digital healthcare volunteering in Algeria. An extended technology acceptance model was used, incorporating perceived organizational support (OS), altruism, and social responsibility. A convenience sample of 142 healthcare workers completed a survey, and hierarchical regression analysis was conducted. Results indicated that perceived ease of use, social responsibility, altruism, perceived OS, and perceived usefulness were each significantly associated with intentions to engage in digital volunteering. The extended model explained 75.6% of the variance in intention, highlighting the relevance of psychological, organizational, and ethical factors. These findings provide insights for policymakers, healthcare organizations, and developers seeking to support digital volunteering initiatives. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and the use of convenience sampling, which may affect generalizability. Future research should consider longitudinal designs, larger and more diverse samples, and cross-cultural comparisons to validate and extend these findings. © 2026 by Author/s and Licensed by Modestum.

Since COVID-19, the public workplace has shifted toward a hybrid and telecommute culture. Maintaining equitable and fair performance evaluations for employees across different working modalities is among the top concerns of leaders in public organizations. Using data from the Employee Viewpoint Survey 2023, this paper compares the experiences of telecommuting and non-telecommuting federal employees regarding fair performance evaluations. The findings reveal that younger employees and telecommuting employees tend to perceive lower fairness in performance evaluations. However, leadership support helps reduce employees’ experiences of unfair performance evaluations. This study suggests that communication support from supervisors is essential to upholding an inclusive and fair workplace as public organizations shift to virtual and hybrid work cultures. © 2025 SPAEF

Recent research proposes that arts-integrated teaching approaches in business education can nurture students' aesthetic sensitivity and emotional capacities, such as self-awareness and empathy. In this chapter, we examine the pedagogical possibility of art appreciation in art museums as a consciousness-raising practice, especially for the sake of cultivating business students' environmental awareness in two different contexts. We have analyzed American and Russian students' reflective essays based on their museum visits in order to explore how business students make sense of their aesthetic experiences and how art appreciation helps them to develop their sustainability mindset in a creative learning space. Through attentive viewing of the works of art, students have learned some key insights from their aesthetic appreciation at art museums. These insights not only facilitated honing their emotional skills, but also deepened their environmental awareness and heightened their sense of personal empowerment to act upon these newly acquired insights and values ensuing from art appreciation. After identifying six key themes extracted from both groups of students' essays based on their museum learning, we further discuss the pedagogical implications of contemplative art appreciation in museums as a means of contributing to more innovative and sustainable management education. © 2026 selection and editorial matter, Ekaterina Ivanova, Isabel Rimanoczy and Divya Singhal; individual chapters, the contributors.

Because physical literacy and activity are not emphasized in special education as they are in physical education or adapted physical education (PE/APE), this editorial explores two important questions: Do high school transition students receive PE/APE programming? And are PE/APE teachers introduced or exposed to transition services at any point in their teacher training?. © 2026 SHAPE America.