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Posttraumatic growth (PTG) refers to a positive psychological change that occurs following a seismic and highly challenging life circumstance. An individual who experiences PTG reports posttrauma development that surpasses their baseline level of pretrauma function in various domains. The present systematic review of the current literature aimed to explore factors related to the development of PTG in children and adolescents exposed to trauma. Included studies investigated a range of factors that impact PTG development in youth from five countries: the United States, Israel, China, Japan, and Norway. Studies addressed multiple types of traumatic experiences, including medical trauma, war- and terror-related trauma, and environmental trauma. Findings suggested that factors that impact the development of PTG include the presence of posttraumatic stress symptoms, specifically intrusiveness, and cognitive factors, such as the use of positive reappraisal and deliberate rumination. Many factors demonstrated inconsistencies across studies, such as the impact of age, gender, social support, and parent factors. The findings from this systematic research study encourage the notion that certain clinical intervention strategies, such as deliberate rumination, positive reappraisal coping strategies, and trauma-informed group therapy, may facilitate growth in trauma survivors. Future research should test if these intervention strategies directly impact growth and whether there is an evidence-based form of intervention that can assist clinicians in taking a growth- and strengths-based perspective after trauma.

Around the world adaptation projects are being implemented, with the hope of essentially climate proofing communities. While there is an abundance of failed adaptation schemes in developing and developed countries alike, there has been little scholarship on this problem. Through interviews with twenty-two climate change adaptation practitioners, we identify four structural challenges that contribute to maladaptation: the focus on technological fixes versus holistic approaches; the difficultly of distinguishing between adaptation and development; the problem of quantifying non-quantifiable variables; and the existence of competing problems given that failure to mainstream climate change adaptation. Addressing these maladaptation dynamics is necessary to enhance successful adaptation processes.

The STAR collaboration presents jet substructure measurements related to both the momentum fraction and the opening angle within jets in p+p and Au+Au collisions at √sNN =200GeV. The substructure observables include SoftDrop groomed momentum fraction (zg), groomed jet radius (Rg), and subjet momentum fraction (zSJ) and opening angle (θSJ). The latter observable is introduced for the first time. Fully corrected subjet measurements are presented for p+p collisions and are compared to leading-order Monte Carlo models. The subjet θSJ distributions reflect the jets leading opening angle and are utilized as a proxy for the resolution scale of the medium in Au+Au collisions. We compare data from Au+Au collisions to those from p+p which are embedded in minimum-bias Au+Au events in order to include the effects of detector smearing and the heavy-ion collision underlying event. The subjet observables are shown to be more robust to the background than zg and Rg. We observe no significant modifications of the subjet observables within the two highest-energy, back-to-back jets, resulting in a distribution of opening angles and the splittings that are vacuumlike. We also report measurements of the differential dijet momentum imbalance (AJ) for jets of varying θSJ. We find no qualitative differences in energy loss signatures for varying angular scales in the range 0.1< θSJ<0.3, leading to the possible interpretation that energy loss in this population of high-momentum dijet pairs, is due to soft medium-induced gluon radiation from a single color charge as it traverses the medium.

Participants of New England town meeting must follow protocols to participate in this direct democratic process. Over the past 200 years, the protocols have been enacted and adapted by participants in small towns across the region. Within annual meetings, one can find small breaches that could be interpreted as playful acts. In this paper, we use the comic frame as a theoretical lens to interpret instances of such play within the rhetorical deliberation of one New England town meeting. We analyze two instances where speakers playfully use recognized parts of town meeting to achieve their rhetorical ends. We conclude with a discussion of the way play can help accomplish identification in public discourse.

Research involving the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) applications on mobile technology devices for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) needs to expand beyond teaching simple requesting skills. Children’s abilities to create multi-symbol AAC messages is one skill that can be further explored.

Are conservatives more simple-minded and happier than liberals? To revisit this question, 1,518 demographically diverse participants (52% females) were recruited from an online participant-sourcing platform and asked to write a narrative about the upcoming 2020 U.S. Presidential Election as well as complete self and candidates’ ratings of personality. The narratives were analyzed using three well-validated text analysis programs. As expected, extremely enthusiastic Trump supporters used less cognitively complex and more confident language than both their less enthusiastic counterparts and Biden supporters. Trump supporters also used more positive affective language than Biden supporters. More simplistic and categorical modes of thinking as well as positive emotional tone were also associated with positive perceptions of Trump’s, but not Biden’s personality. Dialectical complexity and positive emotional tone accounted for significant unique variance in predicting appraisals of Trump’s trustworthiness/integrity even after controlling for demographic variables, self-ratings of conscientiousness and openness, and political affiliation.

The unique advantage of visible resonance Raman (VRR) spectroscopy using 532 nm excitation wavelength for biological samples is the resonance enhancement of vibrational modes of chemical bonds from cells and tissues. The aim of this study is specifically to reveal the VRR characteristic spectra of different organs in mice, find the molecular alterations in the development of white matter and gray matter of mouse embryos at different ages and study the VRR spectral information of the mouse embryo head using VRR technology.

Selecting the appropriate, reasonable, and affordable health insurance plan becomes a very important question to solve for both employers and employees. Our research tries to locate the factors determining private sector health insurance plan enrolment decision, and also provides a guideline to both private companies and employees on health insurance plan selection strategies. By using Kaiser Family Foundation Annual Employer Health Benefits Survey (KFF EHBS) data, we apply random decision forest machine learning methodology to study the determinants of employees' health insurance selection, as well as to compare the prediction accuracy among different methodologies. The results indicate: 1) the employees at large firms and the firms with higher eligible rate would tend to choose PPO plan; 2) employees who need family coverage would have different choices comparing employees who seek for single coverage only; 3) employer's contribution and annual total contribution to the health insurance plan are the most important determinants on employees' insurance selection. The conclusion also can provide some suggestions to insurance companies on health insurance package design for different types of employers and employees.

People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are represented among those who espouse extremist thought and have committed violent acts associated with their beliefs. Media often highlight a perpetrator's psychiatric diagnosis following acts of mass violence, which in some instances has included ASD. ASD may itself not provide useful information for understanding motivations. Instead, understanding specific traits and neuropsychological and other vulnerabilities may offer an opportunity to make sense of these very complex events.

He was the Master of Scents. He ruled over them, classified them, harnessed them, recombined them, invented them, and above all took care of their dis...

A.D. 1034 The king and queen took hawks out that day, and their retinue trailed along hills and swales, watching as Duncan and then Suthen lifted gauntleted arms and opened their fists. The hunting…

Human activities have caused massive losses of natural populations across the globe. Like many groups, amphibians have experienced substantial declines worldwide, driven by environmental changes such as habitat conversion, pollution, and disease emergence. Each of these drivers is often found in close association with the presence of roads. Here we report a novel consequence of roads affecting an amphibian native to much of North America, the wood frog (Rana sylvatica). Across 38 populations distributed from southern to central New England, we found that adult wood frogs living adjacent to roads had higher incidence and severity of oedema (indicated by obvious bloating caused by subcutaneous fluid accumulation) during the breeding season than frogs living away from the influence of roads. This effect was best explained by increased conductivity of breeding ponds, probably caused by runoff pollution from road salt used for de-icing. Oedema severity was negatively correlated with locomotor performance in more northerly populations. Interestingly, northern populations experience more intense winters, which tends to result in more de-icing salt runoff and increased energetic demands associated with overwintering cryoprotection needs. Thus, this emerging consequence of roads appears to impose potential fitness costs associated with locomotion, and these effects might be most impactful on populations living in regions where de-icing is most intense. Together, our findings reveal a novel set of impacts of roads and runoff pollution on wood frog physiology and performance, which seem likely to contribute to population decline. Given the global prevalence of roads and increasing salinisation of freshwater habitats, oedema and related impacts could be widespread consequences faced by amphibian populations across much of the planet's temperate zones. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.