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Why the United States has failed to establish a comprehensive high-quality child care program is the question at the center of this book. Edward Zigler has been intimately involved in this issue since the 1970s, and here he presents a firsthand history of the policy making and politics surrounding this important debate. Good-quality child care supports cognitive, social, and emotional development, school readiness, and academic achievement. This book examines the history of child care policy since 1969, including the inside story of America's one great attempt to create a comprehensive system of child care, its failure, and the lack of subsequent progress. Identifying specific issues that persist today, Zigler and his coauthors conclude with an agenda designed to lead us successfully toward quality care for America's children. © 2009 by Yale University. All rights reserved.

There have been a large number of projects based on the Distributed Object Oriented (DOO) approach for solving complex problems in various scientific fields. The Mismatch problem is one of the most important problems facing the DOO system, where the initial design of the DOO application does not give the best class distribution. In such a case, the DOO software may need to be restructured. In this paper, we propose a methodology for efficiently restructuring the DOO software classes to be mapped on a distributed system consisting of a set of nodes. The proposed methodology consists of two phases. The first phase introduces a recursive graph clustering technique to partition the OO system into subsystems with low coupling. The second phase is concerned with mapping the generated partitions to the set of available machines in the target distributed architecture. A simulation evaluation was carried out for a set of randomly generated DOO software designs. Then the results were compared with those of the K-Partitioning algorithm in terms of the overall inter-class communication cost. © 2008 IEEE.

All in all, citation searching is a wonderful way to build a comprehensive body of knowledge. The databases allow you to follow a trail of cited references that weaves a web of information across the boundaries of time and subject limitations. It eliminates your need to know appropriate synonyms or subject-specific lingo in order to perform effective searches that yield inclusive results. Citation searching saves time while also increasing the likelihood that your search results will be appropriate for your needs. Citation searching is not just useful for librarians but for other searchers as well. If you need a comprehensive literature review - whether you're a librarian, faculty member, student, or scientist - you would benefit greatly from the capabilities of citation searching databases. The training program for citation searching at the University of Connecticut taught graduate students all these tricks and more. Students who attended our sessions now know how to do broad, interdisciplinary searches after they have searched their primary subject database. They also understand how to "chain" from the original article to the "backward" citations in that article and to the "forward" articles that cited the original. Finally, they see how they can use citation databases to find information about who's citing their articles, which they can use for job searching and grant proposals, promotion, and tenure. Try it yourself - you're sure to find something new!

Arthritic conditions affect more than 40 million americans and are a major cause of physical disability. Resistance training has been found to improve muscular performance in persons with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. This column discusses the benefits of resistance training in persons with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis and provides general suggestions for developing safe, effective resistance training programs. © National Strength and Conditioning Association.

As a model of care, CARELINK promotes self-care and self-management of chronic illnesses for homebound older adults no longer eligible for skilled nursing services. A case-study method is used to highlight the key constructs and outcomes related to the model. The benefits of applying the CARELINK model as a cardiac management program for home care are discussed.

Nursing students entering psychiatric settings for clinical practice need a solid foundation of therapeutic communication skills. This article presents an innovative strategy for nursing students to practice therapeutic communication skills with psychiatric patients by using hi fidelity simulation with Laerdal SimMan. Using the SimMan vocal function enabled nurse educators to develop communication algorithms that allowed students to interact with SimMan as they would with psychiatric patients. The SimMan algorithms can be designed to mimic many scenarios typically found in psychiatric settings. Nursing students can use this technology to take the therapeutic communication skills they have learned in the classroom and practice them in a safe laboratory environment before entering actual psychiatric settings. The ability of students to practice communication skills prior to entering psychiatric settings can promote effective therapeutic communication skills and decrease student anxiety. Copyright ©2008 The Berkeley Electronic Press. All rights reserved.

We developed a curriculum to introduce nanotechnology and photonics concepts to community college students enrolled in a program designed to attract and retain students in technology associate degree programs. Working with the Center for Research on Interface Structures and Phenomena, an NSF Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, and the PHOTON projects, funded by the Advanced Technological Education program of NSF, we developed hands-on, inquiry-based activities to address the course goals: improve critical thinking, introduce science and technology concepts common to technology programs and provide opportunity to practice math skills in context. © 2010 SPIE.

This chapter reviews the most well-researched, evidence-based antibullying interventions: involvement of all the stakeholders in a school, prevention through life skills curricula, problem-solving approaches, and those that focus on rules and consequences. Two factors emerge with clarity: (1) the exact components of the program do not matter as much as the quality and thoroughness with which the interventions are implemented; and (2) given the potentially severe consequences of bullying, it is a moral imperative to continue to implement such programs and to formulate and revise the programs based on solid evidence. © 2008 by Oxford University Press, Inc. All rights reserved.

In June of 2004, The New York Times reported that the fig trees in the Carroll Gardens section of Brooklyn were dying.1 Accompanying this horticultural death was another transition. Like the fig trees, the elderly Italian-American people who tended them were also gradually disappearing from the neighborhood. The article demonstrated what most residents of the New York tri-state area already knew: The ethnic make-up of a neighborhood often may be "read" through the residential landscape choices of its inhabitants. For people of Italian descent, the fig tree (Ficus carica) is one of many ethnically significant components of the landscape. Throughout the New York City metropolitan region, the residential landscape plays a prominent role in the construction of Italian-American identity. With their symmetrical plans, sheared shrubs, religious statues, and fig trees, Italian-American landscapes proclaim the ethnicity of homeowners and knit neighborhoods together with a shared horticultural and design idiom. Despite the facility with which the denizens of the New York tri-state region discern and describe this "Italian look," no study concerned primarily with the visual analysis and historical precedents of these Italian-American residential landscapes yet exists. Copyright © 2011 Fordham University Press. All rights reserved.

The so-called Colonels' coup of April 21, 1967, was a major event in the history of the Cold War, ushering in a seven-year period of military rule in Greece. In the wake of the coup, some eight thousand people affiliated with the Communist Party were rounded up, and Greece became yet another country where the fear of Communism led the United States into alliance with a repressive right-wing authoritarian regime. In military coups in some other countries, it is known that the CIA and other agencies of the U.S. government played an active role in encouraging and facilitating the takeover. The Colonels' coup, however, came as a surprise to the United States (which was expecting a Generals' coup instead). Yet the U.S. government accepted it after the fact, despite internal disputes within policymaking circles about the wisdom of accommodating the upstart Papadopoulos regime. Among the dissenters was Robert Keeley, then serving in the U.S. Embassy in Greece. This is his insider's account of how U.S. policy was formulated, debated, and implemented during the critical years 1966 to 1969 in Greek-U.S. relations. © 2010 Robert V. Keeley All rights reserved.

We use SrTiO3/Si as a model system to elucidate the effect of the interface on ferroelectric behavior in epitaxial oxide films on silicon. Using both first-principles computations and synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements, we show that structurally imposed boundary conditions at the interface stabilize a fixed (pinned) polarization in the film but inhibit ferroelectric switching. We demonstrate that the interface chemistry responsible for these phenomena is general to epitaxial silicon-oxide interfaces, impacting on the design of silicon-based functional oxide devices. © 2010 The American Physical Society.