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Objective: We aim to determine the association between insomnia symptoms and mental health in females and males and compare mental health care utilization and perceived barriers between females and males with insomnia symptoms. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using the National Health Interview Survey. Insomnia symptoms included self-reported “trouble falling asleep”, ‘trouble staying asleep”, and “waking up feeling not well rested”. Mental health included self-reported anxiety and depression. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between insomnia symptoms and mental health in females and males. Results: A total of 26,691 adults were included. The mean age was 48.2 years; 51.4% were females, and 48.6% were males. Insomnia symptoms were associated with anxiety and depression for both females and males. These associations were stronger in younger adults (<50 years) than older adults (≥50 years). Females with insomnia symptoms were more likely to receive mental health care (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.53, 1.87) but also to delay mental health care because of its cost (OR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.67, 2.30) or needed mental health care but did not get it because of the cost (OR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.82, 2.50) than their males counterpart. Conclusions: Insomnia symptoms were associated with mental health in females and males, being stronger in younger adults than older adults, with gender differences in mental health care utilization and financial barriers to mental health care. Holistic approaches involving prevention and better access to mental health care are warranted.

This pathbreaking book brings to bear a sweeping body of contemporary intersectional feminist work to disrupt the entire discipline of criminology. Women have been largely absent from criminological theory, research, policy, and practice. This fresh, conversational book critiques the field's dominant theories by analyzing gendered patterns of perpetration and victimization and challenging traditional criminological perspectives on characteristics such as race and queerness. Designed as a rebuttal to conventional criminology textbooks, the book mirrors standard course content through an intersectional feminist lens, offering students a valuable opportunity to question the field's underpinnings and forge a new path to understanding the true meaning of justice.   Organized in fourteen chapters, each chapter includes accessible learning aids for students: A review of how traditional criminology textbooks cover the topic Critical perspectives on the topic Critical thinking breaks Intersectional Feminist Criminology is a timely intervention and companion to the curriculum that helps to imagine a new world and ultimately lays out a clear abolitionist vision as an alternative to the American criminal legal system.

To gain a full perspective about English in Syria, it is necessary to focus on English learning in the past and present. The focus of the learning and teaching of the English language in Syria prior to 2011 consisted of various factors such as length of exposure to language, teacher preparation, qualifications, cross-linguistic transfer, and textbooks. The interruptions in schooling, brain drain, and depletion of resources were additional factors that influenced the learning and teaching of English in Syria in the post-2011 era. The entry concludes with a proposal that conscientious efforts are needed to enhance the teaching of English in Syria.

Objectives This study has been designed to determine Pakistani editors’ perceptions regarding the Open Access (OA) publishing practices of the Higher Education Commission (HEC)-recognized journals in Pakistan, and to assess their best OA publishing models. Methodology A structured questionnaire-based survey method of quantitative research approach was adopted to achieve the study’s objectives by collecting data from the editors of all 329 HEC-recognized journals in Pakistan. Findings This study exposed that public and teaching institutes are leading in OA journal publishing in Pakistan as compared to private and research institutes. Diamond OA, and Gold OA publishing models are popular among the respondents; however, respondents are not convinced to follow any specific OA publishing model due to their different choices. A large majority (92%) of the journals belong to the Y category (the lowest) of journals. A large majority (72%) of the journals in Pakistan is adopting the Open Journal System (OJS), and parent institutions installed web browsers. CC-BY-NC and CC-BY licenses are their favorite licenses. Significance The present study is the first comprehensive study on editors’ perceptions for OA journal publishing and is an effort to fill this gap to invigorate the scholarly literature. This study may enable the journals, editors, and publishers to follow the best OA journal publishing practices of the Pakistani journals for global OA usage of scholarly journals. The results have practical and theoretical ramifications for academic and research institutions, federal and provincial higher education commissioners, policy organizations, and parent institutions of journals.

Nutrition units are a staple in many health education courses. While nutrition units can support the acquisition of critical functional knowledge and the development of important skills, there is also the potential for harm and the potential to perpetuate beliefs, ideas, and norms that can lead to disordered eating, the development of unhealthy relationships with food, or shaming of self and others (e.g., fat shaming). The purpose of this article is to outline several factors that may influence how health educators think about and teach nutrition, as well as practical strategies for creating inclusive, affirming, and health-promoting nutrition units.

Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) are the two main histology subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with 70% of total Lung Cancer. In this article we proposed an ensemble-based model for the identification of subtypes of NSCLC using methylation data. Proposed Random Forest-based model along with out of bag (OOB) error based feature selection technique identified the top ten most important CpG sites that are highly differentiator between LUSC and LUAD subtypes of NSCLC with an accuracy, precision and F1 Score of \(97\%\) . The proposed model outperformed the other existing models for the same purpose with huge margin of 12%. Pathway analysis of the proposed 10 CpG sites revealed different pathways for LUAD and LUSC associated genes, LUAD-associated genes primarily participated in TP53, PTEN, GLP-1, Incretin regulation, and apoptosis. Conversely, LUSC-associated genes were predominantly involved in pathways for platelet degranulation, serine biosynthesis, and Nephrin family interaction.

Retinal Detachment (RD) is one of the major problems with retinal disorder patients. Till to date there existing no confirmatory sign or marker on retina for the early detection of RD. Therefore, patients may have sudden RD at any time of their life. Moreover, it is completely dependent upon the subjective judgement of ophthalmologist to make the final diagnostic decision on RD. To support the decision making process for the ophthalmologist, in this article we proposed RDNet, a SqueezeNet architecture based deep learning model for the early detection of RD. We used publicly available dataset of 1017 images covering rhegmatogenous RD and control group. The proposed model built on this image set achieved 97.55% sensitivity, 99.26% specificity and 98.23% accuracy in detecting RD. The proposed model outperformed the existing models for the same purpose with the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.995. We believe our model will support the early detection of RD in clinical setup and assist the ophthalmologist in identifying RD at its early stage.

This introduction synthesizes the research presented by the contributors to this special issue to explore sustainable educational practices for refugees. A common thread across the articles is that they share components of Nel Noddings’ ethics of care framework, which emphasizes establishing welcoming, nurturing, and supportive environments that enable refugees to build meaningful relationships while honoring their cultural identities. We recommend action steps gleaned from the 11 papers in this issue that call for the concerted efforts of all those involved. Central to this vision are teachers, who serve as the backbone of the education system; however, to fulfill this role, they must be equipped with the necessary resources and skills to foster culturally responsive educational environments that emphasize students’ identities and provide equitable learning. This introduction underscores the importance of holistic and relational approaches as foundational to achieving sustainable educational equity for refugee learners.

We report that the neutral hydrogen (H i) mass density of the Universe (ρH i) increases with cosmic time since z ∼ 5, peaks at z ∼ 3, and then decreases toward z ∼ 0. This is the first result of Qz5, our spectroscopic survey of 63 quasars at z ≳ 5 with VLT/X-SHOOTER and Keck/ESI aimed at characterizing intervening H i gas absorbers at z ∼ 5. The main feature of Qz5 is the high resolution (R ∼ 7000–9000) of the spectra, which allows us to (1) accurately detect high column density H i gas absorbers in an increasingly neutral intergalactic medium at z ∼ 5 and (2) determine the reliability of previous ρH i measurements derived with lower resolution spectroscopy. We find five intervening damped Lyα absorbers (DLAs) at z > 4.5, which corresponds to the lowest DLA incidence rate () at z ≳ 2. We also measure the lowest ρH i at z ≳ 2 from our sample of DLAs and subDLAs, corresponding to ρH i Mpc−3 at z ∼ 5. Taking into account our measurements at z ∼ 5 and systematic biases in the DLA detection rate at lower spectral resolutions, we conclude that ρH i doubles from z ∼ 5 to z ∼ 3. From these results emerges a qualitative agreement between how the cosmic densities of H i gas mass, molecular gas mass, and star formation rate build up with cosmic time.

Propaganda in the first half of the 20th century is usually associated with the atrocity stories from World War I and the anti-Semitic propaganda of the Nazi regime and World War II. This chapter provides a brief overview of the history of propaganda and propaganda theory before turning its attention to a theory of propaganda in civil war. It argues that what makes propaganda in a civil war unique is that it is a combination of both political and war propaganda. Current research on propaganda theory emphasizes that propaganda is in service of an ideology and focuses on propaganda as disseminating information that tries to avoid reason and veracity. The chapter argues that propagandists in a civil war setting are presenting the ‘truth’ as they understand it. Informed by Carl Schmitt’s “friend/enemy” distinction in his Concept of the Political, the author argues that each side argued and was convinced that they represented the values and interests of the nation and its people, and that because the stakes of the conflict were so high that all actions could be justified.

We report the measurements of proton-deuteron (p-d) and deuteron-deuteron (d-d) correlation functions in Au+Au collisions at sNN = 3 GeV using fixed-target mode with the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). For the first time, the source size (RG), scattering length (f0), and effective range (d0) are extracted from the measured correlation functions with a simultaneous fit. The spin-averaged f0 for p-d and d-d interactions are determined to be -5.28 ± 0.11(stat.) ± 0.82(syst.) fm and -2.62 ± 0.02(stat.) ± 0.24(syst.) fm, respectively. The measured p-d interaction is consistent with theoretical calculations and low-energy scattering experiment results, demonstrating the feasibility of extracting interaction parameters using the femtoscopy technique. The reasonable agreement between the experimental data and the calculations from the transport model indicates that deuteron production in these collisions is primarily governed by nucleon coalescence.

Academic success is now coupled with social media engagement. Social media has become so normalized in the academy that absent a carefully curated social media presence, scholars risk being seen as unscholarly, unproductive, and unpopular. This article lays bare the pressures, mechanisms, and monstrosities of using social media to promote scholarship. We argue that the widespread adoption of social media outpaces critical attention to its ethics and wonder about the future of public scholarship and the monstrous scholarly selves we are becoming. Thinking of monstrosity, with Krecˇicˇ and Žižek, as the preontological domain that rests beneath society and constitutes alterity and otherness, we ask what kinds of #scholarfamousmonsters we want to be, become, and promote in the digital era.

Photovoltaic systems have proven to be one of the most widely used renewable energies and the best replacement for conventional energy. Yet, their non-linear nature remains a challenge when it comes to extracting maximum power from photovoltaic modules. Therefore, in this work, a nonlinear PID controller has been used to meet the requirements of the photovoltaic system. In addition, to improve system performance and response, metaheuristic search algorithms were introduced into the tuning process of both the NPID controller and conventional PID controller parameters in order to compare them. The use of Artificial Intelligence to fine-tune the controller parameters will enable the optimum values of proportional, integral, derivative and nonlinear gains to be determined as system condition change. Finally, a comparison between the algorithms applied is conducted in terms of efficiency, rise time, settling time and overshoot as well as the overall system stability.

Abstract There is an “underrepresentation problem” in philosophy departments and journals. Empirical data suggest that while we have seen some improvements since the 1990s, the rate of change has slowed down. Some posit that philosophy has disciplinary norms making it uniquely resistant to change. We present results from an empirical case study of a philosophy department that achieved and maintained male-female gender parity among its faculty as early as 2014. Our analysis extends beyond matters of gender parity because that is only one, albeit important, dimension of inclusion. We build from the study to reflect on strategies that may catalyze change.