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As the popularity of music festivals increases worldwide, an essential component for successful festivals is creating an exceptional guest experience. A conceptual model is proposed, positing that experience economy has a positive effect on loyalty, word-of-mouth (WOM) intentions, and sustainability behaviors of event attendees at a music festival that focuses on sustainability. Multiple regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) were employed to test the model using data collected from 216 attendees at an annual music festival staged in Costa Rica. Results reveal that experience has a positive effect on sustainability behaviors. Additionally, some dimensions of the experience economy have a positive impact on WOM intentions and loyalty. Lastly, WOM intentions have a positive effect on sustainability behaviors. The study provides vital contributions to planning and managing sustainable music festival events. Music festival planners and marketing teams are recommended to offer activities that provide an overall positive experience.

This study investigates three learners’ self-directed learning (SDL) strategies in a college beginner level Chinese language classroom. Using a focus group and interviews to explore how the students recognize their own learning strengths and weaknesses, what strategies they develop during the SDL process, their awareness of learning contexts while adopting SDL, and how they exercise their agencies for SDL. Findings suggest that technology fluency, the disconnection between learning goals and SDL strategies, and learners’ unawareness of their learning strengths affects individuals’ agency regarding SDL strategies. These findings suggest the need for further discussion of language teachers’ role in instructing SDL strategies, the role of technology, and the use of written corrective feedback. © 2021

This article outlines a partnership between a nonprofit theater in Connecticut and pre-service special education teachers at a local university. The goal of the collaboration was to increase the accessibility of the sensory-friendly performances and events designed for students in PK-12. The process of creating visual supports and a core communication board is shared, in addition to the designing of training and implementation phases. The project not only resulted in improved supports for the school-aged sensory-friendly events for the next season, but also in a demonstrable perspective shift on the importance of inclusivity and community communication supports among pre-service teachers and community members. © 2021, Assistive Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved.

This paper focuses on how zoom touchscreen gestures can be used to continuously authenticate and identify smartphone users. The zoom gesture is critically under-researched as a behavioral biometric despite richness of data found in this gesture. Furthermore, analysing how the zoom gesture performs over time is a novel line of inquiry. Zoom samples from three different data collection sessions were sourced. In these sessions, each participant zoomed in and out on three images. Eighty-five features were extracted from each gesture. The classification models used were Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and K-nearest Neighbor (KNN). The best authentication performance of AUC 0.937 and EER 10.6% were achieved using the SVM classifier. The best identification performance of 65.5% accuracy, 69.6% precision, and 67.9% recall were achieved using the RF classifier. In terms of stability over time, SVM proved to be the most stable classifier, with an AUC degradation of only 0.007 after two weeks had elapsed. This analysis proves that zoom gestures demonstrate promise for use in continuous smartphone authentication and identification applications. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

Developing a sustainability mindset requires a transdisciplinary approach to business education that integrates a rational-analytic mode of thinking and an emotive-holistic understanding of the human mind. In order to cultivate the sustainability mindset of business students, we have designed a contemplative art-based project involving the creation of an electronic portfolio which consists of a student's digital photographs. We have integrated it into our teaching of management courses in the United States, Russia, and Germany, respectively. The project aims to enable business students to become more visually attentive and environmentally conscious, so that they will pay close attention to the process of building more sustainable relationships within their natural and social environments. From the interpretative phenomenological perspective, we have analyzed the students' e-portfolios in order to understand how business students make sense of environmental and human sustainability. While envisioning more transformative sustainability management education, we have also discussed the pedagogical implications of making the e-portfolios for enhancing the students' understanding of the sustainability mindset. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

This study explores whether US post-secondary institutions (PPI) follow philosophies to foster inclusive communities, providing resources for those individuals with disabilities thrive socially, personally, and academically, while there have been no thorough studies conducted to determine web accessibility of the nation’s top-ranked PPI library webpages. Additionally, this study pioneers in comparison with the accessibility of PPI’s library homepages fighting COVID-19. The study evaluated the library homepages of the premium PPIs based on Money.com’s 2019 list of “The Best Colleges in America” via the WAVE web accessibility evaluation tool. The outcomes determined that most of the library homepages analyzed were littered with numerous errors, and the shift to online-based research in learning had no significant impact on the number of errors WAVE detected. The disconcerting findings of this study demonstrate the overall failure to recognize the importance of web accessibility or perhaps even the indifference toward accessibility on the part of the PPI community.

An (a, b)-Sudoku pair Latin square is a Latin square that is simult-aneously an (a, b)-Sudoku Latin square and a (b, a)-Sudoku Latin square. While (a, b)-Sudoku Latin squares are known to exist for any positive integers a and b, the pairs a, b for which an (a, b)-Sudoku pair Latin square exists are largely unknown. In this article we establish the existence of (a, b)-Sudoku pair Latin squares for an infinite collection of pairs (a, b). Our results show that a (3, b)-Sudoku pair Latin square can be constructed for any positive integer b. ©The author(s).

The chiral magnetic effect (CME) is a novel transport phenomenon, arising from the interplay between quantum anomalies and strong magnetic fields in chiral systems. In high-energy nuclear collisions, the CME may survive the expansion of the quark-gluon plasma fireball and be detected in experiments. Over the past two decades, experimental searches for the CME have attracted extensive interest at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The main goal of this study is to investigate three pertinent experimental approaches: the correlator, the R correlator, and the signed balance functions. We exploit simple Monte Carlo simulations and a realistic event generator (EBE-AVFD) to verify the equivalence of the core components among these methods and to ascertain their sensitivities to the CME signal and the background contributions for the isobar collisions at the RHIC. © 2022 Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.

Interviews illuminate impacts of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI), a United States’ federal program designed to improve the Great Lakes by restoring the region’s most polluted harbors and coastal landscapes. To see how GLRI funds caused changes in the built environment and to attitudes toward place, semi-structured interviews were conducted with private- and public-sector leaders. Case studies are four EPA-designated Areas of Concern receiving substantial GLRI funds in Buffalo, New York; Duluth-Superior, Minnesota and Wisconsin; Muskegon, Michigan, and Sheboygan, Wisconsin. Results show that GLRI serves as a catalyst in three principal ways: The program leveraged local and state funds, both private and public. GLRI also leads to greater socio-spatial consciousness regarding rehabilitated places. Also, GLRI had led to stronger and deeper senses of place. This study reveals interviews help to calculate a more holistic return on investment for a prominent federal program. This study offers a way forward for ecosystem services research to take a more holistic view than has traditionally been done, in that semi-structured interviews illuminate impacts that traditional economic modeling alone cannot. Concurrently, this research is an example of how a prominent federal program affects community perceptions integral to holistic coastal planning processes. © Copyright © 2021 by the American Geographical Society of New York.

Communication researchers have used speech codes theory to interpret local conduct. This qualitative meta-analysis draws upon twenty years of peer-reviewed journal articles and books (2000–2019) that specifically use the concept of speech community within research about speech codes. Although speech community is incorporated into one of the six main tenets of speech codes theory, the concept has not been used consistently. After reviewing how speech codes theory researchers use the concept of speech community, I draw comparisons between those who describe mediated and intercultural practices to interrogate the a priori assertion of a speech community. I conclude by arguing that one must understand the particular social relations among speakers before asserting the existence of a speech community. © 2021 International Communication Association.

Objective: Even healthy college students are vulnerable to severe complications associated with seasonal influenza (flu). Despite national directives to increase influenza vaccination compliance, college campuses remain woefully below national goals. This study aimed to identify factors correlated with the decision to voluntarily receive an influenza vaccine. Additionally, students’ reasons for non-vaccination were also examined. Participants: 1021 undergraduate students across four professional schools. Methods: A representative cross-sectional survey was conducted at a public, urban university. Results: The survey measured self-reported influenza vaccination: an overall influenza vaccination rate of 38% was identified. Student characteristics associated with increased influenza vaccination included students’ enrollment in academic health disciplines; being female; human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination; and no marijuana use in the last month. Barriers to influenza vaccination included contraindications, mistrust issues, and personal reasons. Conclusion: Universities that can identify facilitators and barriers to voluntary influenza vaccination can assist with program initiatives to improve influenza vaccination compliance rates. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This study investigates how pre-service teachers use their knowledge of technology, mathematics, and pedagogy to create video lessons using portable interactive whiteboards. The TPACK framework was used to identify the different types of knowledge pre-service teachers rely on as they create their videos. Results indicate pre-service teachers’ effective use of conveyance technology, pedagogical techniques, and mathematical representations using technology. Their videos portray their process of coordinating their TPACK. Recommendations are made for teacher educators to integrate technology in activities that aim to develop pre-service teachers’ comfort and confidence with technological tools for teaching and learning. © 2021 ATE and CCNY.

Sexual selection arising from sperm competition has driven the evolution of immense variation in ejaculate allocation and sperm characteristics not only among species, but also among males within a species. One question that has received little attention is how cooperation among males affects these patterns. Here we ask how male alternative reproductive types differ in testes size, ejaculate production, and sperm morphology in the ocellated wrasse, a marine fish in which unrelated males cooperate and compete during reproduction. Nesting males build nests, court females and provide care. Sneaker males only “sneak” spawn, while satellite males sneak, but also help by chasing away sneakers. We found that satellite males have larger absolute testes than either sneakers or nesting males, despite their cooperative role. Nesting males invested relatively less in testes than either sneakers or satellites. Though sneakers produced smaller ejaculates than either satellite or nesting males, we found no difference among male types in either sperm cell concentration or sperm number, implying sneakers may produce less seminal fluid. Sperm tail length did not differ significantly among male types, but sneaker sperm cells had significantly larger heads than either satellite or nesting male sperm, consistent with past research showing sneakers produce slower sperm. Our results highlight that social interactions among males can influence sperm and ejaculate production. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.