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Chapter 6 provides nurses, nurse leaders, and organizations interventions to understand, confront, and eliminate bullying and incivility from the workplace. Emotional intelligence (EI) and cognitive rehearsal are techniques when taught to nurses via in-services provided by organizations, can build awareness of verbal and nonverbal cues used in their communication as well as those of others. By understanding how we communicate and respond to others and vice versa, insight to what are appropriate and inappropriate responses can hold nurses accountable to how they treat one another. The neuroscience of oxytocin release at a biochemical level supports the benefits of organizations investing in the mental and physical health of their employees by empowering them to grow individually and as a collaborative team. © 2021, IGI Global.

Freshwater crustaceans are distributed throughout the montane and lowland areas of Colombia, and are therefore a useful indicator group for how aquatic species will respond to climate change. As such, metabolic determination of physiological performance was evaluated for the Colombian pseudothelphusid crab, Neostrengeria macropa (H. Milne Edwards, 1853), over a temperature range inclusive of current temperatures and those predicted by future scenarios in the plateau around the city of Bogotá, namely from 8 °C to 30 °C. The performance results mostly aligned with previous exploratory behavioral determination of the ideal temperature range in the same species, although the metabolism increased at the highest temperature treatments, a point when exploratory behavior declined. These results indicate that this species of montane crab behaviorally compensates for increased thermal stress by decreasing its physical activity, which could have negative predator-prey consequences with changes to community structure as different species undergo climate-mediated geographic range shifts in the region. As this species is endemic to the plateau surrounding Bogotá, it also experiences a number of other stressors to its survival, including infrastructure development and invasive species. © 2021 The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Crustacean Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

The late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA) was one of Earth's most important Phanerozoic climatic events lasting for over 100 Mys. Despite its importance, its history is controversial with two hypotheses that portray glaciation differently (Fig. 1). Traditional views characterize the LPIA as a continuous glacial event that lasted from the Middle Mississippian until the Late Permian with a massive ice sheet that covered Gondwana throughout this interval. This approach often uses only one or two proxies to define the glaciation. The other emerging hypothesis suggests that numerous ice sheets occurred in Gondwana with individual glacial events lasting up to 10 Mys alternating with glacial minima/non-glacial intervals of similar duration. Both views are still prevalent. Both near- and far-field proxies are used to define the ice age. Near-field proxies include the occurrence/absence of diamictites, glaciotectonic deposits/landforms, striated clasts and clast pavements, outsized clasts (dropstones), rhythmites, cyclic diamictite-bearing successions, glendonites, grooved and striated surfaces, streamline landforms, and U-shaped paleovalleys. Detrital zircons and chemical index of alteration (CIA) studies help to delineate the occurrence, extent, and location of glaciation. Multiple complexities occur with the use of these proxies as different non-glacial processes and driving factors can produce similar features or results. Far-field proxies focus on identifying changes in eustacy. These include the occurrence of cyclic successions composed of alternating nonmarine and marine strata (cyclothems), depth of incised valleys, paleotopographic relief, phosphatic black shales, and changing oxygen isotope ratios. Like the near-field record, far-field proxies are complex indicators with varied nuances that make their application challenging. Here we discuss the limitations and use of these proxies and promote a multiproxy approach to investigating Earth's glacial intervals. We suggest that studies incorporate multiple proxies coupled with detailed environmental, paleoflow, and paleogeographic analyses to better constrain the occurrence, timing, and extent of glaciation and its influence on global systems. This approach will provide a robust view of the LPIA. We also consider the magnitude and nature of sea-level response to changing ice volumes by discussing ice-volume fluctuations, basin subsidence's modification of glacioeustacy, and sea-level's response to global isostatic adjustment (GIA). In considering these features, it becomes apparent that glacioeustacy is more complex than previously envisioned. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

Teacher education programs prepare candidates for bilingual, English as a second language, or special education as separate professionals. This creates challenges when teaching bilingual children with disabilities. There is a need to cross boundaries combining expertise and preparing teachers for children's uniqueness. Responding to this need, the researchers organized a change laboratory with 14 professors and two State Department of Education consultants. The study explored boundary expressions and their relationship to the larger activity. It also looked at the learning that took place during boundary crossing efforts. Boundaries were identified around bilingual teacher preparation, cross-disciplinary programmatic, and paradigmatic aspects. While boundary crossing at the intrapersonal level and at the interpersonal level were important, the need to engage multiple institutions was centered. In addition, the discussion manifested that for inclusive bilingual education teacher preparation, there was a need to go beyond the institutional level to reach to policy makers and address the sociopolitical resistance against bilingual education. Throughout the study, participants engaged primarily in the epistemic learning actions of analyzing and modeling. Through volitional actions, the participants realized a renewed object for their activity. This study widens the understanding of possibilities for taking shared educational responsibility through boundary crossing between professionals in preparation programs. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.

This paper will discuss the correlation between the SAT and the Math Inventory Test. Many school districts adopted the Math Inventory as a tool to measure student growth from grades kindergarten through high school. The Math Inventory is a computer-administered test that gives students math problems spanning from counting to high school level math. When completed, the students are given a quantile measure, much like a Lexile score for reading skill. The purpose of this study is to figure out if success on the Math Inventory is a good indicator for performing well on the SAT. For most high schools around the United States, objectives and lessons are aligned with those of the SAT. The goal of high school teachers is for students to excel on the SAT so that they can go to college, which means the tests used in middle school should be aligned with that goal. If the Math Inventory is not, then it might not be a very good use of school time and resources. Data was analyzed from the 2017-2018 school year from ten different high schools in an urban school district to determine the correlation between Math Inventory score, and the math score/sub scores of SAT/PSAT. The value of the Pearson’s correlation coefficient is used to suggest a fairly moderate positive relationship between these two variables. © 2021, International Journal of Information and Education Technology. All rights reserved.

This article examines the controversy caused by the Faiz Ahmed Faiz’s poem “Hum Dekhenge” during the protests triggered by the approval of the Citizenship Amendment Act and the National Registry of Citizens at the end of 2019 in India. In addition to a Spanish translation of the actual text, it also offers a background of the debate, a biographical sketch of the poem’s author, and diverse interpretations. The production of meaning is a complex articulation between text, readers, and the sociopolitical context. “Hum Dekhenge” is a poem of various linguistic, literary, and political registers. Without question its reading is open to multiple possibilities. © 2021. Estudios de Asia y África.

Adolescence is an important time for addressing health, including mental health, obesity, substance use, and food insecurity. As the myriad health and wellness needs of community members expands, it becomes increasingly difficult for one profession alone to address these needs. The park and recreation field was founded to address the health and wellness needs of people, and much of their programming is focused on youth. Thus, municipal park and recreation departments are becoming increasingly involved in collaborative partnerships with other health-serving agencies within their community. This study explored park and recreation directors’ experiences in collaborating with health agencies to better address health and wellness factors that affect the youth in their communities. This phenomenological qualitative study employed in-depth interviews with park and recreation directors and used thematic analysis. Nine interviews were conducted from four of the six New England states. The most common health concern seen by the directors was mental health, primarily behavioral health challenges. Parks and recreation collaboration with public health organizations ranged from none to close collaborations; directors regularly spoke about wanting to strengthen their collaborations. Public health and park and recreation staff have similar challenges with staffing and resources; additionally, they have complimentary skills with regard to planning and implementing health-related programs. For that reason, creating purposeful collaborative partnerships between public health agencies and park and recreation departments, focused on measurable outcomes, may increase benefits to the health of youth in a community.

A cross-sector collaboration among a community-based organization, a prison arts program, and state departments of Public Health, Education, and Correction was established to address critical health education prevention efforts for at-risk high school-aged youth. The Tell Me What You See initiative utilizes artwork and poetry created by incarcerated youth to promote sexually transmitted disease (STD), HIV, and hepatitis prevention with students in public high schools and juvenile justice facilities. This innovative intervention integrates functional health knowledge and skills-based education through an art-based interdisciplinary approach reaching various populations of youth in multiple settings across a state. Evaluation results indicated that the materials effectively engage youth and open up a critical dialogue among peers and adults by addressing the role personal behavior can have in the prevention of STDs, hepatitis, and HIV. Lessons learned and recommendations are provided., (C)2021Sage Publications

Background: Adolescents with obesity are less likely to flourish and be academically engaged in comparison to their healthy weight peers. However, it is unknown how participation in physical activity influences flourishing and academic engagement in adolescents with obesity. The current study examined engagement in varying levels of physical activity and the likelihood of flourishing and academic engagement in adolescents with obesity. Methods: Analyses included 26 764 adolescents, ages 10–17 years, from the parent-reported, combined 2016–2017 National Survey of Children's Health. Participants were grouped by physical activity levels (none, low, moderate, daily). Outcome variables included flourishing (finishing tasks, staying calm when faced with a challenge and showing interest in new things) and academic engagement (completing all required homework and caring about doing well in school). Logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, race, household income, highest level of education in the household, behavioural conduct problems and depression assessed the likelihood of each outcome comparing physical activity levels among adolescents with obesity. Results: Adolescents with obesity who participated in any amount of physical activity (low, moderate and daily) or sports had significantly greater likelihood of flourishing and academic engagement compared those that did not engage in any physical activity (p's ¡ 0.05). Conclusions: Participation in even low amounts of physical activity or participation in sports increases the likelihood of flourishing and academic engagement in adolescents with obesity, which expands on previous findings that adolescents with obesity are less likely to flourish and be academically engaged in comparison to their healthy weight peers. © 2021 World Obesity Federation

Humans are rapidly transforming the structural configuration of the planet's ecosystems, but these changes and their ecological consequences remain poorly quantified in underwater habitats. Here, we show that the loss of forest-forming seaweeds and the rise of ground-covering 'turfs' across four continents consistently resulted in the miniaturization of underwater habitat structure, with seascapes converging towards flattened habitats with smaller habitable spaces. Globally, turf seascapes occupied a smaller architectural trait space and were structurally more similar across regions than marine forests, evidencing habitat homogenization. Surprisingly, such habitat convergence occurred despite turf seascapes consisting of vastly different species richness and with different taxa providing habitat architecture, as well as across disparate drivers of marine forest decline. Turf seascapes contained high sediment loads, with the miniaturization of habitat across 100s of km in mid-Western Australia resulting in reefs retaining an additional ~242 million tons of sediment (four orders of magnitude more than the sediments delivered fluvially annually). Together, this work demonstrates that the replacement of marine forests by turfs is a generalizable phenomenon that has profound consequences for the ecology of temperate reefs., (C) 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Micronutrients applied as nanoparticles of metal oxides have shown efficacy in vegetable and other crops for improving yield and reducing Fusarium diseases, but their role in ornamental crop management has not been investigated. In 2017, 2018, and 2020, nanoparticles of CuO, Mn2O3, or ZnO were foliarly applied at 500 mug/mL (0.6 mg/plant) to chrysanthemum transplants and planted in potting soil noninfested or infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi. An untreated control and a commercial fungicide, Fludioxonil, was also included. Chrysanthemums treated with nanoscale CuO had a 55, 30, and 32% reduction in disease severity ratings compared to untreated plants in 2017, 2018, and 2020, respectively. Specifically, the average dry biomass for the three years was reduced 22% by disease, but treatment with nanoscale CuO led to a 23% increase when compared to controls. Similar trends with plant height were observed. Horticultural quality was improved 28% with nano CuO and was equal to the fungicide. Nanoscale Mn2O3 and the fungicide did not consistently reduce disease ratings or increase dry biomass each year. Nanoscale ZnO was ineffective. Nanoscale CuO-treated plants had 24 to 48% more Cu/g tissue than controls (P < 0.001). These findings agree with past reports on food crops where single applications of nanoscale CuO improved plant health, growth, and yield and could offer significant impacts for managing plant diseases on ornamentals.

Women of childbearing age who misuse opioids are a particularly vulnerable population, and their barriers to treatment are unique because of their caregiver roles. Research on treatment for opioid use generally draws from urban and rural areas. This study fills a gap in research that focuses on barriers and motivators to opioid treatment in suburban areas. The aim of this study was to give voice to suburban pregnant women and mothers caring for children while using opioids. Ethnographic methods were used for recruitment, and 58 in-depth interviews were analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach. Barriers to medication-assisted treatment (MAT) included stigma, staff attitudes, and perceptions the women had about MAT treatment. Barriers associated with all types of treatment included structural factors and access difficulties. Relationships with partners, friends, family, and providers could be barriers as well as motivators, depending on the social context of the women's situation. Our findings suggest increasing treatment-seeking motivators for mothers and pregnant women by identifying lack of resources, more empathetic consideration of social environments, and implementing structural changes to overcome barriers. Findings provide a contemporary understanding of how suburban landscapes affect mothers' treatment-seeking for opioid dependence and suggest the need for more focus on emotional and structural resources rather than strict surveillance of women with opioid dependence who are pregnant or caring for children. Copyright © 2021 Boeri, Lamonica, Turner, Parker, Murphy and Boccone.

Global polarization of Ξ and ω hyperons has been measured for the first time in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV. The measurements of the Ξ- and Ξ¯+ hyperon polarization have been performed by two independent methods, via analysis of the angular distribution of the daughter particles in the parity violating weak decay Ξ→Λ+π, as well as by measuring the polarization of the daughter Λ hyperon, polarized via polarization transfer from its parent. The polarization, obtained by combining the results from the two methods and averaged over Ξ- and Ξ¯+, is measured to be ⟨PΞ ©=0.47±0.10(stat)±0.23(syst)% for the collision centrality 20%-80%. The ⟨PΞ. © 2021 American Physical Society. All rights reserved.

The Breit-Wheeler process which produces matter and antimatter from photon collisions is experimentally investigated through the observation of 6085 exclusive electron-positron pairs in ultraperipheral Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. The measurements reveal a large fourth-order angular modulation of cos4DELTAphi=(16.8+/-2.5)% and smooth invariant mass distribution absent of vector mesons (phi, omega, and rho) at the experimental limit of <=0.2% of the observed yields. The differential cross section as a function of e^{+}e^{-} pair transverse momentum P_{} peaks at low value with sqrt[ ]=38.1+/-0.9 MeV and displays a significant centrality dependence. These features are consistent with QED calculations for the collision of linearly polarized photons quantized from the extremely strong electromagnetic fields generated by the highly charged Au nuclei at ultrarelativistic speed. The experimental results have implications for vacuum birefringence and for mapping the magnetic field which is important for emergent QCD phenomena.

We report on the first measurement of charm-strange meson Ds± production at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV from the STAR experiment. The yield ratio between strange (Ds±) and nonstrange (D0) open-charm mesons is presented and compared to model calculations. A significant enhancement, relative to a pythia simulation of p+p collisions, is observed in the Ds±/D0 yield ratio in Au+Au collisions over a large range of collision centralities. Model calculations incorporating abundant strange-quark production in the quark-gluon plasma and coalescence hadronization qualitatively reproduce the data. The transverse-momentum integrated yield ratio of Ds±/D0 at midrapidity is consistent with a prediction from a statistical hadronization model with the parameters constrained by the yields of light and strange hadrons measured at the same collision energy. These results suggest that the coalescence of charm quarks with strange quarks in the quark-gluon plasma plays an important role in Ds±-meson production in heavy-ion collisions. © 2021 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Funded by SCOAP3.

With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing shutdown of the library building for several months, there was a sudden need to adjust how the Hilton C. Buley Library at Southern Connecticut State University (SCSU) delivered its services. Overnight, the library’s virtual chat service went from a convenient way to reach a librarian to the primary method by which library patrons contacted the library for help. In this article, the authors will discuss what was learned during this time and how the service has been adjusted to meet user needs. Best practices and future improvements will be discussed.

From the epic saga of the Buendía family in One Hundred Years of Solitude to the enduring passion of Love in the Time of Cholera to the exploration of tyranny in The Autumn of the Patriarch, Gabriel García Márquez has built a literary world that continues to captivate millions of readers across the world. His writings entrance modern audiences with their dreamlike yet trenchant insights into universal issues of the human condition such as love, revenge, old age, death, fate, power, and justice. A Nobel Laureate in 1982, he contributed to the global popularity of the Latin American Boom during the second half of the 20th century and had a profound impact on writers worldwide, including Toni Morrison, Salman Rushdie, and Haruki Murakami. The Oxford Handbook of Gabriel García Márquez brings together world experts on the Colombian writer to present a comprehensive English-language examination of his life, oeuvre, and legacy--the first such work since his death in 2014. Edited by Latin American literature authorities Gene H. Bell-Villada and Ignacio López-Calvo, the volume paints a rich and nuanced portrait of "Gabo." It incorporates ongoing critical approaches such as feminism, ecocriticism, Marxism, and ethnic studies, while elucidating key aspects of his work, such as his Caribbean-Colombian background; his use of magical realism, myth, and folklore; and his left-wing political views. Thirty-two wide-ranging chapters cover the bulk of the author's writings-both major and minor, early and late, long and short-as well as his involvement with film. They also discuss his unique prose style, highlighting how music shaped his literary art. The Handbook gives unprecedented attention to the global influence of García Márquez-on established canons, on the Global South, on imaginative writing in South Asia, China, Japan, and throughout Africa and the Arab world. This is the first book that places the Colombian writer within that wider context, celebrating his importance both as a Latin American author and as a global phenomenon.