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Purpose Schools provide high priorities to offer innovative curricular and cocurricular programs, and leaders make necessary efforts to promote enablers and overcome disablers for sustaining their innovativeness. With the background of quality management and stakeholder theories, the present study examines the interplay of hindrances to quality between empowering leadership, stakeholder involvement and organizational innovativeness. Design/methodology/approach Responses of 157 American school principals collected through the Teaching and Learning International Survey 2018 by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development were used and analyzed to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings Results show that empowering leadership behaviors of school principals support promoting organizational innovativeness, and involvement of stakeholders with the school activities also promotes organizational innovativeness. Interestingly, when American schools faced a high level of hindrance to providing quality education to their students, principals’ high level of empowering leadership behaviors promoted organizational innovativeness. Originality/value This is the first time in the literature that the interplay between empowering leadership, stakeholder involvement and hindrance of quality education has been examined to promote organizational innovativeness.

In the context of globalization and migration, individuals may experience language loss or first language (L1) attrition. While migrant language loss is well documented and researched, its impact on bilingual autobiographical memory remains underexplored. Existing research indicates that bilingual speakers encode memories in either their L1 or second language (L2), depending on the language context of the event. Language’s pivotal role in autobiographical memory has also been confirmed by bilingual psychotherapy research. This paper investigates whether L1 attrition can impair memories encoded in that language. Focusing on Russian-English speakers with various degrees of L1 attrition, this study examines the phenomenological characteristics of memories (vividness, emotional valence, accessibility, significance, and confidence in the event). Results from partial correlation and linear regression analyses demonstrated that language loss significantly compromises vividness and confidence, underscoring language’s integral function in maintaining bilingual autobiographical memory. © 2024 De Gruyter Mouton. All rights reserved.

With a dynamical mass of 3 M Jup, the recently discovered giant planet AF Lep b is the lowest-mass imaged planet with a direct mass measurement. Its youth and spectral type near the L/T transition make it a promising target to study the impact of clouds and atmospheric chemistry at low surface gravities. In this work, we present JWST/NIRCam imaging of AF Lep b. Across two epochs, we detect AF Lep b in F444W (4.4 μm) with signal-to-noise ratios of 9.6 and 8.7, respectively. At the planet’s separation of 320 mas during the observations, the coronagraphic throughput is ≈7%, demonstrating that NIRCam’s excellent sensitivity persists down to small separations. The F444W photometry of AF Lep b affirms the presence of disequilibrium carbon chemistry and enhanced atmospheric metallicity. These observations also place deep limits on wider-separation planets in the system, ruling out 1.1 M Jup planets beyond 15.6 au (0.″58), 1.1 M Sat planets beyond 27 au (1″), and 2.8 M Nep planets beyond 67 au (2.″5). We also present new Keck/NIRC2 imaging of AF Lep b; combining this with the two epochs of F444W photometry and previous Keck photometry provides limits on the long-term 3–5 μm variability of AF Lep b on timescales of months to years. AF Lep b is the closest-separation planet imaged with JWST to date, demonstrating that planets can be recovered well inside the nominal (50% throughput) NIRCam coronagraph inner working angle.

Nature-based education has been increasingly recognized as a socially responsible approach to nurture curiosities in the hands, heads, and hearts of children. Research in the last ten years suggests that children who attend forest preschools, as opposed to traditional preschools, demonstrate growth in all domains of early childhood development. Domains include cognitive growth, executive functioning, physical development, linguistic proficiency, and socio-emotional well-being. In addition to cultivating these areas two Waldkindergarten or forest schools, studied in this chapter nourish as additional component—connectedness, compassion, and care for nature. There has been a steady increase in nature-based preschool programs as alternative approaches to traditional, indoor classrooms. With the expansion of programs, globally, and heightened awareness around environmental issues in the Anthropocene, nature-based education is increasingly recognized for cultivating socially responsible approaches that yield sustainable practices. This chapter reports on an exploratory study that synthesized two fieldwork experiences in German Wald-kindergarten, one in the north near Denmark and one in south, near the foothills of the Alps. Through a qualitative, thematic analysis of fieldnotes of direct and partici-pant observation, interviews with facilitators and analysis of student-created artifacts, this chapter explores how time in nature can be reconceived as a space to cultivate a connectedness to nature that fosters a commitment to conservation and sustain-ability. Primary goals of this research are to identify practices that center children learning with nature and, subsequently, to reconceptualize forest school practices in contexts outside of northern Europe. This research interrogates ways in which forest schools serve as spaces to engage in work around environmental stewardship while problematizing the accessibility of nature-based programs. Whilst reflecting upon lessons from Waldkindergarten, this chapter explores how nature-based Education provides opportunities towards a sustainable future for cultivating children’s curiosities in timeless traditions. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

Study Objectives: Prior research suggests that insomnia may increase the risk of death. However, the potential influence of age and sex is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association of insomnia symptoms with all-cause mortality by age and sex. Methods: This prospective cohort was drawn from the Health and Retirement Study, a survey of Americans older than 50 years and their spouses of any age from 2002–2018. Insomnia symptom scores were based on difficulties initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, waking up too early, and nonrestorative sleep. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were employed to investigate the association between insomnia symptoms and all-cause mortality stratified by age and sex. Results: A total of 33,004 participants were included with a mean age of 61.7 years and 56.8% females. Over a mean follow-up of 8.4 years, 8,935 (27.1%) deaths were recorded. After adjusting for confounding, males with insomnia symptom scores ranging from 5–8 had a 71% increased risk of death (hazard ratio = 1.71; 95% confidence interval: 1.27, 2.30) compared with their counterparts without insomnia symptoms. Similarly, males aged ≥ 60 years and females aged < 60 years with insomnia symptoms ranging from 5–8 had an increased risk of death compared with their counterparts without insomnia symptoms (hazard ratio = 1.15; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.31 and hazard ratio = 1.38; 95% confidence interval: 1.00, 1.90, respectively). However, there was no increased risk of death for females aged ≥ 60 years (hazard ratio = 0.94; 95% confidence interval: 0.84, 1.06). Conclusions: These findings suggest that insomnia symptoms may serve as predictors of low life expectancy. © 2024 American Academy of Sleep Medicine. All rights reserved.

Using firms’ receipt of SEC comment letters, this study investigates their selection of mandatory filing types when producing deficient disclosures in response to the product market competition. Empirical evidence reveals a positive association between two firm-level measures of product market competition and a firm's likelihood of receiving comment letters for non-10-K filings. These patterns are particularly pronounced when firms face a higher likelihood of new market entrants or operate as industry followers. Additionally, firms receiving comment letters for non-10-K filings experience increased sales and market share in the subsequent year. Overall, these findings suggest that firms strategically make deficient disclosures in non-10-K filings to minimize regulatory costs. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

This chapter provides information about the changing definition and views of intellectual disabilities that impact both classroom placement and education programs. It describes learning characteristics of student with intellectual disabilities that are quite "normal" and predictable for them, and task analysis, a most effective special education teaching approach that demonstrates how to address those learning characteristics. © 2025 National Art Education Association. All rights reserved.

Troubleshooting is a process designed to help teachers choose lessons, analyze their language and procedures, and organize classroom space and time. When an art lesson is planned, a logical expectation is that the lesson will go pretty much as written. Troubleshooting takes the opposite approach. It expects that things will go wrong and tries to prevent or minimize potential problems. "Murphy's Law" leads us to expect that whatever can go wrong will go wrong. The troubleshooting expectation that things will go wrong is the "Murphy's Law" of lesson planning. © 2025 National Art Education Association. All rights reserved.

It is important to remember that autism spectrum disorder is a spectrum disorder that represents many individuals who have a wide and disparate range of challenges and strengths. There is an old adage that says, "If you have met one person with autism, then you have met one person with autism," for no two individuals on the spectrum will be exactly alike and present with the same strengths and challenges. This wide spectrum, or great variability within individuals on the spectrum, can be seen when we look at the wide range of outcomes for adults with ASD. Some individuals on the spectrum will be quite challenged throughout their lives and require supportive settings and many services, whereas others on the spectrum will require moderate supports during their lifetime. © 2025 National Art Education Association. All rights reserved.

This chapter brings the perspectives of three of SNAE's founding members who are also past presidents of both SNAE and DARTS. Beverly Levett Gerber, who combines the fields of special education and art education, begins our journey and describes our need to bridge professional differences in training and languages. She closes the chapter with a story of art educators and special educators learning together. Juliann B. Dorff describes our travels-the efforts, barriers, accomplishments, and the persistence needed to overcome roadblocks. Lynne J. Horoschak takes our journey in a new direction and describes a Saturday morning program that grew into a master's program focused on students with disabilities. © 2025 National Art Education Association. All rights reserved.

This second edition of Reaching and Teaching Students with Special Needs Through Art is written for art educators, special educators, and those who value the arts for students with special needs. It builds on teachers' positive responses to the first edition, and now combines over 700 years of the educational experience of arts and special educators who share their art lessons, behavior management strategies, and classroom stories. The revised second edition provides updated chapters addressing students with emotional/behavioral disabilities, learning disabilities, intellectual disabilities, physical disabilities, and visual and hearing impairments. The newly revised second edition includes chapters on students with autism spectrum disorder, preschool students, and students experiencing trauma. All chapters have been updated to include current definitions and language, recommended teaching strategies, art lesson adaptations, behavior management strategies, and references to related chapters. Follow-up activities are provided for further insights into each group of students. A new summary chapter connects how the authors' collaborations resulted in changes to two professional organizations. Since the first edition, many of the featured authors established the new Division of Visual and Performing Arts Education (DARTS) at the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) and earlier, formed a new National Art Education Association (NAEA) Interest Group-Special Needs in Art Education (SNAE), now Arts in Special Education (ASE). This edition is ideal for preservice arts methods courses and education courses on accessibility and inclusion at the undergraduate and graduate levels. It continues to offer current yet proven best practices for reaching and teaching this ever-important population of students through the arts. © 2025 National Art Education Association. All rights reserved.

Examining early Chinese ritual discourse during the Warring States and early Western Han Periods, this book reveals how performance became a fundamental feature of ritual and politics in early China. Through a dramaturgical lens, Thomas Radice explores the extent to which performer/spectator relationships influenced all aspects of early Chinese religious, ethical, and political discourse. Arguing that the Confucians conceived ritual as primarily a dramaturgical matter, this book demonstrates not only that theatricality was necessary for expression and deception in a community of spectators, but also how a theatrical 'presence' ultimately became essential to all forms of public life in early China. Thomas Radice illuminates previously unexplored connections between early Chinese texts, aesthetics, and traditions. © Thomas Radice, 2025. All rights reserved.

Observations of fish behavior can provide insights into habitat preferences and use. Black sea bass, Centropristis striata, are a territorial temperate reef finfish species known for their high commercial and recreational value and association with structured habitat. We used underwater action cameras to record video of black sea bass to assess territorial (agonistic, ambush, displacement) and occupancy (station-keeping) behaviors on shelf and bag style oyster aquaculture cages at a shellfish farm, and on boulders at a natural rock reef near Milford, Connecticut in Long Island Sound, Northwest Atlantic. Black sea bass at a variety of life stages were highly associated with cages, including young-of-the-year, and age 1+ fish. The high abundance of black sea bass observed on cages relative to boulders suggests this species has an affinity for the vertical structure created by aquaculture gear. When behaviors were normalized to the total fish sightings, black sea bass showed no significant difference in frequency of behaviors between habitats, indicating that per-fish rates of behavior were similar on cages and boulders. Demonstration of territorial and occupancy behaviors by black sea bass on, and around cages suggests that aquaculture gear provides structured habitat and ecosystem services for this species similar to natural reefs.These results suggest that essential fish habitat descriptions of manmade structures used by black sea bass could be broadened to include aquaculture gear. Our study provides novel information on behavioral interactions of black sea bass with oyster cages that may support aquaculture permitting and consultation processes. Copyright © 2024 Armbruster, Mercaldo-Allen, Rose, Seda, Clark, Phillips, Redman and Conroy.

Using the 2013 data set provided by Insurance Inc., logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis models were created along with data visualizations to find out which factors recorded in the data set and the state of those factors causes a client to cancel their policy. The factors that impact whether a client will cancel are those that directly pertain to the policy. For example, the coverage type and the premium the client is paying for the policy impacts the probability the client will cancel their policy. Factors that go into forming the policy and have a relationship between one another such as age and premium, also impact the probability that a client will cancel their policy. The credit status of a client, whether it is low, medium, or high, and the type of coverage they have, has the most impact on a client's inevitability to cancel. If a client's credit score is classified as low, then that client is has a high probability of cancelling their policy according to the LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis) classifier and logistic regression model. Likewise, if a client has coverage type B, the probability that they will cancel their policy is higher. The sales channel used to sell a client a policy also impacts the probability they will cancel. According to the LDA classifier and the logistic regression model, if a client was sold a policy over the phone, they are more likely to cancel. © 2024 IEEE.

Purpose: To explore the relationships between weight status, weight perceptions, and perceptions of the body positivity movement on social media. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Online through the Qualtrics platform. Subjects: Participants (N = 521; mean 26.6 ± 5.1 years) were recruited using Qualtrics online panels. Measures: The study survey included questions about participant demographics, weight status, and weight perception. Subjects rated 6 study-specific viewpoint questions about the body positivity movement on a 5pt Likert scale. Analysis: Multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for relevant confounders assessed the associations between objective weight status, perceived weight status, and perceptions of the body positivity movement. Results: Objective weight status was not associated with perceptions of the body positivity movement. Perceptions of weight status were associated with perceptions of the body positivity movement in young women, with those that perceived themselves as overweight more likely (OR = 1.67, P < 0.05) to disagree with the statement that “the body positivity makes people less likely to lose weight.”. However, young women that perceived themselves as having a lower weight status were less likely (OR = 0.54, P < 0.05) to agree with the statement that “the body positivity movement empowered women” as well as “being inclusive of people of all sizes” (OR = 0.56, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Weight perception, rather than objective weight status, may be a stronger predictor of weight bias and views of the body positivity movement. © The Author(s) 2024.

Introduction: Government and insurance sponsored exercise programs have demonstrated decreased hospitalizations, but it is unclear if this is the case for self-referred programs. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study from 2013 to 2020, older adults who participated for at least three months at a community-based exercise center (participants) were compared with those who did not (nonparticipants). Each completed a baseline physical assessment and periodic reassessments thereafter. These data were paired with regional hospital data and a national mortality database. Statistical analysis and modeling were performed from 2020 to 2023. Survival to all-cause hospitalization was assessed with a priori subgroup comparison by gender and cox proportional hazard modeling by age, gender, and comorbidities. Results: The cohort included 718 adults, mean age 69.5 years (SD 8.4), with 411 (57.2%) participants and 307 nonparticipants. Mean follow-up was 26.7 months. Participants had similar baseline measures of fitness (p>0.05) but were more likely to be retired and less likely to have diabetes or prior stroke than nonparticipants. Sustained participation was associated with a reduced rate of all-cause hospitalization (9.0% vs. 12.7%, p=0.02), even when adjusted (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.34, 0.87, p=0.01). This decrease was noted only in women (p=0.03) but not in men (p=0.49), gender was nonsignificant after adjustment for comorbidities (p=0.15). Conclusions: Exercise program participation was independently associated with decreased risk of all-cause hospitalization, with possible differential effects by gender. Further randomized trials of the benefits of personalized exercise programs are warranted to assess sex- and gender-specific effects. © 2024 Elsevier Inc.

This research introduces the application of an innovative bio-inspired metaheuristic technique, termed the Crow Search Algorithm (CSA), to model a crucial industrial process - hot rolling manufacturing. Inspired by the foraging patterns of crows, the CSA algorithm has demonstrated its prowess in solving diverse optimization challenges. In the context of this study, the CSA algorithm is harnessed to fine-tune the parameters of a simulation model focused on predicting the force exerted during a hot rolling procedure. The proposed model takes into consideration a range of influential factors, including the initial temperature (Ti), width (Ws), carbon equivalent (Ce), gauge (hi), draft (i), and roll diameter (R). The findings underscore the CSA's capability to deliver an exceptional modeling performance characterized by swift convergence and high solution quality. By getting along very well with the proposed model with the CSA algorithm, a robust and efficient avenue to optimize the hot rolling process emerges, with the potential for expansion into other manufacturing domains. The computational and simulation results demonstrated that the proposed approach-based CSA outperformed different meta-heuristic search algorithms, such as the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), Dandelion Optimizer (DO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO), and Moth-Flame Optimization (MFO), in all test cases. The CSA has achieved the highest coefficient of determination (R2), equal to 0.97244, and the lowest mean squared error (MSE), equal to 1904.97, compared to its opponent algorithms. © 2024 IEEE.

Including universal design for learning in graduate programs for in-service teachers is crucial to increasing the application of the framework in practice. This chapter will introduce an action research assignment within an American UDL graduate course and its impact on teacher practice and student learning. Eight case studies across disciplines and levels will be shared. During this process, teachers identified a classroom challenge, developed a UDL intervention, analyzed student data, and shared implications. In-service teacher reflections will be shared on the continued use of a UDL approach beyond their course work and its impact on their teaching practice. The chapter will begin with an introduction to the context of the implementation, investigation questions, methodology, case study presentation, discussion, and conclusion. © 2024, IGI Global.

We report on the charged-particle multiplicity dependence of net-proton cumulant ratios up to sixth order from s=200 GeV p+p collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The measured ratios C4/C2, C5/C1, and C6/C2 decrease with increased charged-particle multiplicity and rapidity acceptance. Neither the Skellam baselines nor PYTHIA8 calculations account for the observed multiplicity dependence. In addition, the ratios C5/C1 and C6/C2 approach negative values in the highest-multiplicity events, which implies that thermalized QCD matter may be formed in p+p collisions. © 2024 The Author(s)