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We examined whether multiple domains of baseline cognitive performance were associated with prospective physical activity (PA) adherence in the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Pilot study (LIFE-P). The LIFE-P study was a ...

In this article, we explore transformative interviewing through the lens of new materialism. Rather than viewing transformation through a humanist perspective that centralizes a transcendent self, we draw upon Barad’s agential realism to reconsider transformation following the ontological turn. Thinking with agential realism, we engaged two interview studies, one on biracialism and one on masculinity, to demonstrate how the materiality of our interviews (e.g., research bodies, computer programs, questionnaires) intra-acted with our participants to both facilitate and hinder our attempts at transformation. We conclude by theorizing transformation as a type of purposeful entanglement that proceeds from the material-discursive intra-actions of our inquiries.

Pediatric occupational therapy practitioners frequently provide interventions for children with differences in sensory processing and integration. Confusion exists regarding how best to intervene with these children and about how to describe and document methods. Some practitioners hold the misconception that Ayres Sensory Integration intervention is the only approach that can and should be used with this population. The issue is that occupational therapy practitioners must treat the whole client in varied environments; to do so effectively, multiple approaches to intervention often are required. This article presents a framework for conceptualizing interventions for children with differences in sensory processing and integration that incorporates multiple evidence-based approaches. To best meet the needs of the children and families seeking occupational therapy services, interventions must be focused on participation and should be multifaceted.

This systematic review examines the literature published from January 2007 through May 2015 related to the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions using parental or teacher education and coaching with children with challenges in sensory processing and sensory integration (SP–SI). Of more than 11,000 abstracts and 86 articles that were considered, only 4 met the criteria and were included in this review. Studies of parental training and coaching for children with challenges in SP–SI and comorbid autism spectrum disorder have suggested that educational or coaching programs could result in positive outcomes for both parents and children, often in a relatively short time period. Recommendations include a greater focus on providing educational interventions for parents and teachers and including specific assessment of SP–SI before implementing interventions meant to address those issues. Specific recommendations for future research are provided.

This article discusses the current and potential application of experimental methods to the study of entrepreneurship phenomena. Drawing on a review of experimental studies in entrepreneurship research, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of experimental research designs for entrepreneurship research as a primer for those interested but not overly familiar with these methods. To advance research agendas and theory in the field, we introduce a typology of experimental manipulations that highlight alternative design choices based on the nature of their participant impact and realism of context. Finally, we provide an overview of areas of opportunity within the entrepreneurship literature for application of methods best suited to provide greater insight into the causal mechanisms at play.

Purpose In this study, the authors relate cultural masculinity to individual level sexist beliefs (hostile and benevolent sexism) and gendered entrepreneurial stereotypes. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether hostile and benevolent sexism affect entrepreneurial intentions and whether this relationship is mediated by gendered entrepreneurial stereotypes. Design/methodology/approach The proposed relationships are explored using a sample of 192 participants from the USA and India with varying interest in starting a business. An online survey instrument was used to collect the data. Regression and mediation analyses were used to analyze the data. Findings The authors find that both hostile and benevolent sexism are positively related to entrepreneurial intentions of both men and women. However, only benevolent sexism is related to both the masculine and feminine gender traits ascribed to entrepreneurs. Interestingly, the authors find support that hostile sexism is actually positively related to feminine traits ascribed to entrepreneurs, albeit with a small effect size. The authors do not find any support that these results vary by participant gender; the findings are implicated for both men and women alike. The authors find that for both hostile and benevolent sexism only the feminine traits perceived as stereotypic of entrepreneurs partly mediate their relationship on entrepreneurial intentions. Research limitations/implications The survey consists of cross-sectional, self-report data, and therefore the authors cannot conclusively infer causality. The direction of relationships found is of theoretical value. Only two countries are included in the sample limiting generalizability to other countries. Most of the participants in the sample reported some interest or experience in nascent entrepreneurial activities, which may limit the generalizability of findings to those without any prior interest or experience as a nascent entrepreneur. Originality/value The relationship between ambivalent sexism (both hostile and benevolent sexism) and both entrepreneurial intentions, and the gendered traits ascribed to entrepreneurs, has not yet been explored before this work. Using the lens of cultural masculinity, we present a theoretical model of how hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes facilitate or inhibit entrepreneurship via how entrepreneurs are perceived. This is the first study we know of which explores the relationship between Ambivalent Sexism and the gender attributes ascribed to entrepreneurs, and how these gendered entrepreneurial stereotypes in turn are related to entrepreneurial intentions.

Purpose A frequent complaint by older adults is difficulty communicating in challenging acoustic environments. The purpose of this work was to review and summarize information about how speech perception in complex listening situations changes across the adult age range. Method This article provides a review of age-related changes in speech understanding in complex listening environments and summarizes results from several studies conducted in our laboratory. Results Both degree of high frequency hearing loss and cognitive test performance limit individuals' ability to understand speech in difficult listening situations as they age. The performance of middle-aged adults is similar to that of younger adults in the presence of noise maskers, but they experience substantially more difficulty when the masker is 1 or 2 competing speech messages. For the most part, middle-aged participants in studies conducted in our laboratory reported as much self-perceived hearing problems as did older adult participants. Conclusions Research supports the multifactorial nature of listening in real-world environments. Current audiologic assessment practices are often insufficient to identify the true speech understanding struggles that individuals experience in these situations. This points to the importance of giving weight to patients' self-reported difficulties. Presentation Video http://cred.pubs.asha.org/article.aspx?articleid=2601619

Purpose This longitudinal study investigated the emergence of English tense marking in young (Spanish–English) dual language learners (DLLs) over 4 consecutive academic semesters, addressing the need for longitudinal data on typical acquisition trajectories of English in DLL preschoolers. Method Language sample analysis was conducted on 139 English narrative retells elicited from 39 preschool-age (Spanish–English) DLLs (range = 39–65 months). Growth curve models captured within- and between-individual change in tense-marking accuracy over time. Tense-marking accuracy was indexed by the finite verb morphology composite and by 2 specifically developed adaptations. Individual tense markers were systematically described in terms of overall accuracy and specific error patterns. Results Tense-marking accuracy exhibited significant growth over time for each composite. Initially, irregular past-tense accuracy was higher than regular past-tense accuracy; over time, however, regular past-tense marking outpaced accuracy on irregular verbs. Conclusions These findings suggest that young DLLs can achieve high tense-marking accuracy assuming 2 years of immersive exposure to English. Monitoring the growth in tense-marking accuracy over time and considering productive tense-marking errors as partially correct more precisely captured the emergence of English tense marking in this population with highly variable expressive language skills. Supplemental Materials https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5176942

The high-spatial-resolution technique of speckle interferometry has been in use at Lowell Observatory's Discovery Channel Telescope since 2014 with the Dual-channel Stellar Speckle Imager (DSSI; Horch et al. 2009) as a visiting instrument. Using its standard bandpasses of 692 and 880nm, we have used highly efficient DSSI instrument to inspect over a thousand stellar systems over the course of 2014 (Horch et al. 2015). We have also demonstrated the usefulness of the DSSI@DCT system for resolved observations of high-altitude (>1,000 miles) man-made satellites in highly non-sidereal rate orbits.

The Lowell Observatory Discovery Channel Telescope (DCT) has been in full science operation for 2 years (2015 and 2016). Five instruments have been commissioned during that period, and two additional instruments are planned for 2017. These include:+ Large Monolithic Imager (LMI) - a CCD imager (12.6 arcmin FoV)+ DeVeny - a general purpose optical spectrograph (2 arcmin slit length, 10 grating choices)+ NIHTS - a low resolution (R=160) YJHK spectrograph (1.3 arcmin slit)+ DSSI - a two-channel optical speckle imager (5 arcsec FoV)+ IGRINS - a high resolution (45,000) HK spectrograph, on loan from the University of Texas.In the upcoming year, instruments will be delivered from the University of Maryland (RIMAS - a YJHK imager/spectrograph) and from Yale University (EXPRES - a very high resolution stabilized optical echelle for PRV).Each of these instruments will be described, along with their primary science goals.

How many K dwarfs have “kids?” Stellar multiplicity fractions have been obtained for most spectral types, most recently by Raghavan et al. (2010) and Winters et al. (2015), finding rates of 50% for solar-type stars and 27% for M dwarfs, respectively. These findings will be crucial to improving our understanding of solar-system formation, but there has not yet been a statistically significant survey for K dwarfs to bridge the gap between G and M stars. To create a sample for a robust multiplicity survey, an initial set of 1048 K dwarfs was built using the Hipparcos and 2MASS catalogs, the companions of which are called “K-KIDS.” Future releases from Gaia will help us to expand K-KIDS into a volume-complete sample out to 50-pc, and we project that the final sample will contain over 3000 stars, making this the largest volume-complete multiplicity survey ever undertaken. For observational purposes, the targeted K dwarfs are confined equatorially to -30 < DEC < +30 to ensure all stars are observable from either hemisphere. The survey for K-KIDS is split into three companion-separation regimes: small (0.02 - 2.00 arcseconds), medium (2.00 - 10.00 arcseconds), and distant (10.00+ arcseconds). Small separation companions are resolved using the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument, with which we have observed 964 out of 1048 systems to date, already finding 135 new K-KIDS. Medium separation companions are observed via a series of three observations per star at the CTIO 0.9-m telescope, integrating for 3, 30, and 300 seconds to reveal companions of various brightnesses. Finally, a common proper-motion search is used to find companions at distant separations via blinking of digitialized images in the SuperCOSMOS archive, in addition to a large-scale literature survey for previously-discovered multiples. The small and distant surveys are nearing completion, and continued progress on the medium survey ensures that a statistically significant multiplicity rate for K dwarfs will soon be in achieved. Furthermore, a new RV survey is planned using the CHIRON high-resolution spectrograph to find companions that cannot be directly imaged. This effort has been supported by the NSF through grants AST-1412026 and AST-1517413.