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Three novel experiments investigated the effectiveness of color-coded word-families flashcards for facilitating kindergarteners' word recognition skills. Flashcards were constructed with the rime of the word family (vowel and remaining consonant sounds) printed in black ink, indicating that words with this spelling pattern sound the same, and the onsets (initial consonant sounds) shown in different colors, indicating the sound changes from word to word. All experiments involved preand post-testing on word recognition and phonological awareness and random assignment to intervention or control conditions. The length of intervention and type of control condition differed among experiments. Results suggested that word-families may facilitate word recognition skill development and that factors such as amount of practice, phonological awareness, and socioeconomic status impact the efficacy of the intervention.

"The Lamb's New Song" argues that the Book of Revelation is the primary model for the Christ-centered liturgy of early Dissenting hymnbooks. In particular, the depiction of heavenly worship in Revelation, in which the slain Lamb is exalted to the throne of God and then sung a new song, is fundamental to the theology and symbolic vocabulary of the early British hymn. Dissenting writers in the 1690s drew on the Apocalypse to challenge the hegemony of the psalter in congregational worship, replacing the recital of scriptural psalms with the creation of new hymns to Christ. The essay features the work of Richard Davis, a controversial Independent minister whose Hymns Composed on Various Subjects (1694) anticipates Watts ground-breaking volume Hymns and Spiritual Songs (1707). Both writers foreground the christological drama at the heart of Revelation, in which the crucified and enthroned Lamb brings access to God, whose presence is made real during the public enactment of the hymn. The essay also challenges the influential theory of Stephen Marini, whose "Hymnody as History" (2002) posits an unbridgeable spiritual distance between the divine and human realms as a defining feature of eighteenth-century Anglophone hymns, a claim that fails to account for their central apocalyptic features. Putting early British hymnography in dialogue with New Testament studies can help show that British hymnists engaged with scriptural texts not simply as sources of doctrine and devotion but as fonts of inspiration and creativity.

.SCHOOL NURSE RESOURCE MANUAL NINTH EDITION EVIDENCED-BASED POLICIES and PROCEDURES for SAFE STUDENT CARE. The School Nurse Resource Manual was created for school nurses as a quick reference on the many issues they encounter in their practice, and to assist them, their administrators and consulting physicians to develop consistent evidenced-based policies and procedures for safe student care. This ninth edition contains clinical guidelines that have been completely updated, expanded and revised to reflect current clinical guidelines for safe student care. ALL GUIDELINES ARE RESEARCHED, REFERENCED AND PEER REVIEWED.

.SCHOOL NURSE RESOURCE MANUAL NINTH EDITION EVIDENCED-BASED POLICIES and PROCEDURES for SAFE STUDENT CARE. The School Nurse Resource Manual was created for school nurses as a quick reference on the many issues they encounter in their practice, and to assist them, their administrators and consulting physicians to develop consistent evidenced-based policies and procedures for safe student care. This ninth edition contains clinical guidelines that have been completely updated, expanded and revised to reflect current clinical guidelines for safe student care. ALL GUIDELINES ARE RESEARCHED, REFERENCED AND PEER REVIEWED.

.SCHOOL NURSE RESOURCE MANUAL NINTH EDITION EVIDENCED-BASED POLICIES and PROCEDURES for SAFE STUDENT CARE. The School Nurse Resource Manual was created for school nurses as a quick reference on the many issues they encounter in their practice, and to assist them, their administrators and consulting physicians to develop consistent evidenced-based policies and procedures for safe student care. This ninth edition contains clinical guidelines that have been completely updated, expanded and revised to reflect current clinical guidelines for safe student care. ALL GUIDELINES ARE RESEARCHED, REFERENCED AND PEER REVIEWED.

SCHOOL NURSE RESOURCE MANUAL NINTH EDITION EVIDENCED-BASED POLICIES and PROCEDURES for SAFE STUDENT CARE. The School Nurse Resource Manual was created for school nurses as a quick reference on the many issues they encounter in their practice, and to assist them, their administrators and consulting physicians to develop consistent evidenced-based policies and procedures for safe student care. This ninth edition contains clinical guidelines that have been completely updated, expanded and revised to reflect current clinical guidelines for safe student care. ALL GUIDELINES ARE RESEARCHED, REFERENCED AND PEER REVIEWED.

The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the ambiguities and uncertainties experienced by a diverse group of African-American caregivers. The study applied Schlossberg's transition theory (TT) and Mishel’s revised uncertainty theory to narratives of self-identified African-American caregivers who provided care at least 5 h a week. The men (6) and women (8) were mostly unmarried, mostly caring for a parent or grandparent. The caregivers’ average age was 52 (SD = 19; ages ranged from 24 to 82 years); and the care recipients’ average age was 84 (SD = 9). Six care recipients had dementia and the remainder had multiple disease diagnoses. Narratives were obtained by in-depth interviews or focus group discussions. These were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim professionally and analyzed independently by trained coders. Schlossberg’s TT contextualized whereas Mishel’s RUIT illuminated the characteristics of the transition, its associated uncertainty, and their relationship to the development of caregiver stress. Situational factors such as difficulties with illness symptoms of the care recipient, conflict between previous experience and current expectations and the adjustments to the new caregiving role, burdened younger caregivers more than older caregivers. Self-factors related to lack of knowledge about the illness and feelings of lack of control. Social support was predominantly provided by family members, and its absence resulted in conflict among siblings and caregiver stress. The most common coping strategies include religiosity, expectations of reciprocity, and coming to terms with the uncertainty. Understanding the feelings, perceptions and needs of caregivers in transition is tantamount to providing nursing care.

According to a presidential task force about national college health in 2005, 14.9% of college students have been diagnosed with depression or anxiety disorders. Almost 75% of them experienced mental health problems during their early childhood or adolescence. Specifically, this paper examines the longitudinal effects of learning disability and attention disorder, and behavior disorder, of children born in 1980 – 1984, on their labor market outcomes as young adults. This study applies data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), which documents the transition from school to work, and from adolescence to adulthood. By applying a family fixed effects model with Heckman selection procedure and multinomial logistic regression, the research results show that experiencing mental health illness during childhood is associated with a decreased risk of employment, an increased risk of unemployment, and decreased weekly paid working hours. This effect is strong and significant for males, and barely discernible for females. Hence, childhood mental disorder is an important determinant of individual’s labor market outcomes. Targeting the improvement for boys’ mental illness situation might be beneficial for improving their labor market participation.

The purpose of the qualitative study was to explore the themes that counselor education master’s students perceived as impacting their experience within a counseling program. Counselor education master’s students provided their perceptions of what they attributed to helping or hindering their progress. Themes identified as impacting their experiences were academic environment, finances, job preparation, self-care, life role balance, support, mentoring and advising, and personal growth. Recommendations are provided for counselor educators to consider when structuring programs and interacting with master’s students.

To accommodate execution mode change and hardware malfunction, dynamic system reconfiguration, which invokes application migration across different processing cores, needs to be supported on multi-core embedded systems. Different application migration strategies will impact system's timing behaviors in different manners, it is important to select an appropriate one such that the system's timing performance after the migration process is still acceptable. The focus of our research is to predict the system's timing change of possible migration strategies and upon which to choose the optimal one. Extensive experiments have been set up by running multiple benchmarks and experimental results validate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.

Reliability, longevity, availability, and deadline guarantees are the four most important metrics to measure the QoS of long-running safety-critical real-time applications. Software aging is one of the major factors that impact the safety of long-running real-time applications as the degraded performance and increased failure rate caused by software aging can lead to deadline missing and catastrophic consequences. Software rejuvenation is one of the most commonly used approaches to handle issues caused by software aging. In this paper, we study the optimal time when software rejuvenation shall take place so that the system's reliability, longevity, and availability are maximized, and application delays caused by software rejuvenation is minimized. In particular, we formally analyze the relationships between software rejuvenation frequency and system reliability, longevity, and availability. Based on the theoretic analysis, we develop approaches to maximizing system reliability, longevity, and availability, and use simulation to evaluate the developed approaches. In addition, we design the MIN-DELAY semi-priority-driven scheduling algorithm to minimize application delays caused by rejuvenation processes. The simulation experiments show that the developed semi-priority-driven scheduling algorithm reduces application delays by 9.01% and 14.24% over the earliest deadline first (EDF) and least release time (LRT) scheduling algorithms, respectively.

Researches in real-time scheduling often assume that the performance of a computing resource does not change overtime. However, as system softwares and system architectures become increasingly complex, resource performance degradation over time becomes more evident. In this paper, we study the schedulability of a hard real-time task set on a resource which has performance degradation over time with a known pattern and use both cold and warm periodic rejuvenations as countermeasures. Such resource model is referred to as P2D-resource model for performance degradation and periodic rejuvenation with dual-levels. In this paper, we study (1) the formal specification of the P2D-resource model, (2) P2D-resource supply analysis, and (3) task set utilization bounds of a P2D-resource under Earliest Deadline First (EDF) and Rate Monotonic (RM) scheduling policies.

Purpose: High central blood pressure is more predictive of cardiovascular disease (CVD) versus high peripheral blood pressure. Measures of central pressures (CPs) include, central systolic blood pressure (CSBP) and central diastolic blood pressure. Measures of central pressures augmentation (CPsA) include augmentation pressure (AP) and the augmentation index @ 75 beats$min-1 (AIx@75). Increased sympathetic tone (ST) is also associated with CVD. The low to high frequency ratio (LF/HF) is often used to determine sympatho-vagal balance. Given the association between ST, CPs, CPsA and CVD there is a need to understand the association between these predictors of CVD. The aims of this study were to examine the association between the LF/HF ratio, CPs, and CPsA in men and women collectively and based on gender. Methods: We measured the LF/HF ratio, CSBP, AP, and AIx@75 in 102 participants (41F/61M). The LF/ HF ratio was determined via power spectral density analysis. CSBP, AP, and AIx@75 were determined via applanation tonometry. Results: The LF/HF ratio was inversely associated with AP (r 5 -0.26) and AIx @75 (r 5 -0.29) in the combined group of men and women. The LF/HF ratio was inversely associated with CSBP (r 5 -0.27), AP (r 5 -0.28), and AIx@75 (r 5 -0.32) in men, but not in women. Conclusion: There is an inverse association between the LF/HF ratio, AP, and AIx@75 in men and women combined. The association between the LF/HF ratio, CSBP, AP, and AIx@75, differs based on gender. © 2020 Akademiai Kiado, Budapest.

Revisions of a textbook problem enhance the underlying tasks and foster conceptual understanding.

In this article we study the conceptions of an American and a French group of undergraduate pre-service teachers regarding the concept of independent events. Specifically, we study the role that intuition plays in their answers, ascertain the presence of probabilistic biases, and compare the findings with previous results collected on a different population. Participants were asked to provide essay-type answers to a three-part questionnaire that asked them to solve problems, react to hypothetical students’ answers, and answer direct questions. The concept of independent events was problematic for most participants as was the distinction between mutually exclusive and independent events. In addition, representativeness bias and the Falk Phenomenon were observed among several participants.

Child and Adolescent Development: A Social Justice Approach features portraits of development at each stage interwoven with the findings of developmental science research on how inequitable resources and opportunities, which are influenced by social, economic, and political factors, can impact development. The text also presents findings on how such data can be used to reduce inequities for children and their families, thereby optimizing development and allowing individuals to reach their full potential no matter who they are. The text begins with a chapter that briefly describes the stages, domains, and patterns of child and adolescent development, as well as traditional and contemporary theories. Subsequent chapters provide insight into the research methods of developmental science and explain how epigenetic influences affect development. The book then progresses chronologically, discussing the physical, cognitive, and emotional changes that occur within each stage, guiding readers through a tapestry of development from conception through adolescence. Throughout, Pan & Zoom sections supply both big-picture and microscopic understandings of development, Tech & Media asides highlight the influences that technology and media can have on child and adolescent development, and Mentor Minutes provide readers with practical wisdom through interviews with diverse professionals working in the field. Featuring a timely and much-needed perspective on development, Child and Adolescent Development is an ideal resource for courses in psychology, education, counseling, human services, and social work.