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This study examines how children's age, gender and interviewer gender affected children's testimony after witnessing a theft. Children (N=127, age = 6-11 years) witnessed an experimenter (E1) find money, which he/she may/may not have taken. E1 then asked the children to falsely deny that the theft occurred, falsely accuse E1 of taking the money, or tell the truth when interviewed by a second experimenter. Falsely denying or falsely accusing influenced children's forthcomingness and quality of their testimony. When accusing, boys were significantly more willing than girls to disclose about the theft earlier and without being asked directly. When truthfully accusing, children gave lengthier testimony to same-gendered adults. When denying, children were significantly more willing to disclose the theft earlier to male interviewers than to females. As children aged, they were significantly less likely to lie, more likely to disclose earlier when accusing, and give lengthier and more consistent testimony.

Across the United States, the popularity of dual language education (DLE) has grown considerably over the past several decades, but finding qualified bilingual teachers to staff these programs is an ongoing issue for administrators. Using the Guiding Principles for Dual Language Education as a framework, this chapter addresses this urgent issue by exploring dual language teacher recruitment and retention through the experiences and recommendations of teachers and administrators in Connecticut. Findings address participants’ perceptions of teacher recruitment and retention, staff selection, workplace climate, and staff evaluation. Cross-cutting themes include the value of shared responsibility and shared decision-making in addressing this complex issue, the need for creativity and flexibility to increase pathways to certification for dual language teachers, and the importance of positive working conditions.

In face-to-face conversation, when a speaker talks, the outcome of their speech can both be heard (audio) and seen (visual). We employed a novel visual phonemic restoration paradigm to assess neural signatures (event related potentials [ERPs]) of audiovisual processing in typically developing children and in children with ASD. During EEG recording, two types of auditory stimuli were alternately presented with video of a speaker saying the consonant-vowel syllable /ba/: 1) a synthesized consonant-vowel syllable /ba/ or 2) a synthesized syllable derived from /ba/ in which auditory cues for the consonant are substantially weakened, such that it sounds more like /a/. The auditory stimuli are easily discriminable, however, in the context of a visual /ba/, the auditory /a/ is typically perceived as /ba/, producing a visual phonemic restoration. In an ERP context, we have shown that this restoration leads to an attenuated phoneme discrimination response in an active task in typical adults and children. To explore the hypothesis that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have atypical AV speech integration under pre-attentive processing conditions, we tested whether children with ASD would show a reduction in this restoration effect under passive listening conditions. Indeed, in this task, children with ASD showed a large /ba/-/a/ discrimination response, even in the presence of a speaker producing /ba/, suggesting reduced influence of visual speech. © 2019 Proceedings of the International Congress on Acoustics. All rights reserved.

In this volume, we have put together papers spanning a broad range — from the area of modeling of strain and misfit dislocation densities, microwave absorption characteristics of nanocomposites, to X-ray diffraction studies. Specific topics in this volume include: Modeling of strain relaxation and defect dynamics in buffer layers for semiconductor devices fabricated on lattice-mismatched substrates, which enables technology for advanced computer chips, multi-junction solar cells, detectors, and microwave transistors. Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are probabilistic circuit primitives that extract randomness from the physical characteristics of devices. One of the papers outlines PUF design based on resistor and capacitor variations for low pass filters (LoPUF). Spatial wavefunction switching (SWS) FETs, which can process 2-bits per FET using CMOS-SWS logic, thus enabling multivalued logic (MVL) and compact DRAMs. Perimeter gated single-photon avalanche diode (PGSPAD). The applied voltage at the gate terminal modulates the electric field, making it uniform throughout the junction. This gating technique is an efficient method to prevent premature edge breakdown, one of the major problems in operating avalanche photodiodes implemented in CMOS process. In summary, papers selected in this volume cover various aspects of high performance logic and circuits for high-speed electronic systems. © 2019 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved.

In recent years there has been renewed interest in conciliarism, the belief that the authority of the universal church resides in an ecumenical council, not the pope, though the perception remains that conciliarism had a negligible impact in Iberia. One way to better understand the evolution of conciliar thought in the Spanish kingdoms is by looking at the circulation of the works and ideas of the French conciliarist Jean Gerson (1363–1429). Though a complete reconstruction of Gerson’s circulation is impossible, one can offer an initial overview of his impact in the Spanish kingdoms not simply by counting manuscripts or incunabula, as valuable as that is, but by thinking broadly about networks of exchange and dissemination. Gerson’s works came to Spain through the church councils, trans-Pyrenees Carthusian networks, monastic reformers, printers and printing houses, mendicant reformers, and the library of the University of Salamanca. © 2019, (publisher Name). All Rights Reserved.

High Entropy Alloys are inherently complex and span a vast composition space, making their research and discovery challenging. Developing quantitative predictions of their phase selection requires a large quantity of consistently determined experimental data. Here, we use combinatorial methods to fabricate and characterize 2478 quinary alloys based on Al and transition metals. All data are publicly available at http://materialsatlasproject.org/. Phase selection can be predicted for considered alloys when combining the content of FCC/BCC elements and the constituents’ atomic size difference. Mining our data reveals that High Entropy Alloys with increasing atomic size difference prefer BCC structure over FCC. This preference is typically overshadowed by other selection motifs, which dominate during close-to-equilibrium processing. Not suggested by the Hume-Rothery rules, this preference originates from the ability of the BCC structure to accommodate a large atomic size difference with lower strain energy penalty which can be practically only realized in High Entropy Alloys. © 2019 Acta Materialia Inc.

BACKGROUND: Post-extubation dysphagia is associated with an increased incidence of nosocomial pneumonias, longer hospitalizations, and higher re-intubation rates. The purpose of this study was to determine if it is necessary to delay swallow evaluation for 24 hours post-extubation., METHODS: A prospective investigation of swallowing was conducted at 1, 4, and 24 hours post-extubation to determine if it is necessary to delay swallow evaluation following intubation. Participants were 202 adults from 5 different intensive care units (ICU)., RESULTS: A total of 166 of 202 (82.2%) passed the Yale Swallow Protocol at 1 hour post-extubation, with an additional 11 (177/202; 87.6%) at 4 hours, and 8 more (185/202; 91.6%) at 24 hours. Only intubation duration >=4 days was significantly associated with nonfunctional swallowing., CONCLUSIONS: We found it is not necessary to delay assessment of swallowing in individuals who are post-extubation. Specifically, the majority of patients in our study (82.2%) passed a swallow screening at 1 hour post-extubation.