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<em>Gale</em> OneFile includes Swarms, Herds, and Peoples: Examinations of Interspecie by David A. Bello and C. Michele Thompson. Click to explore.

Objective To compare the incidence and natural course of reactive axillary lymph nodes (RAL) between mRNA and attenuated whole-virus vaccines using Deauville criteria. Methods In this multi-institutional PET-CT study comprising multiple vaccine types (Pfizer-BioNTech/Comirnaty, Moderna/Spikevax, Sinovac/CoronaVac and Janssen vaccines), we evaluated the incidence and natural course of RAL in a large cohort of oncological patients utilizing a standardized Deauville scaling system (n=522; 293 Female, Deauville 3-5 positive for RAL). Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate the predictive value of clinical parameters (absolute neutrophil count [ANC], platelets, age, sex, tumor type, and vaccine-to-PET interval) for PET positivity. Results Pfizer-BioNTech/Comirnaty and Moderna vaccines revealed similar RAL incidences for the first 20 days after the second dose of vaccine administration (44% for the first 10 days for both groups, 26% vs. 20% for 10-20 days, respectively for Moderna and Pfizer). However, Moderna recipients revealed significantly higher incidences of RAL after 20 days compared to Pfizer-BioNTech/Comirnaty, with nodal reactivity spanning up to the 9th week post-vaccination (15% vs. 4%, respectively P<0.001). No RAL was observed in patients who received either a single dose of J&J vaccine or two doses of CroronaVac. Younger patients showed increased likelihood of RAL, otherwise, clinical/demographic parameters were not predictive of RAL (P=0.014 for age, P>0.05 for additional clinical/demographic parameters). Conclusion RAL based on strict PET criteria was observed with mRNA but not with attenuated whole-virus vaccines, in line with higher immunogenicity and stronger protection offered by mRNA vaccines. © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health. All rights reserved.

The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system is implicated in dysphoria and as an “anti-reward system” during withdrawal from opioids. However, no clear consensus has been made in the field, as mixed findings have been reported regarding the relationship between the KOR system and opioid use. This review summarizes the studies to date on the KOR system and opioids. A systematic scoping review was reported following PRISMA guidelines and conducted based on the published protocol. Comprehensive searches of several databases were done in the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane. We included preclinical and clinical studies that tested the administration of KOR agonists/antagonists or dynorphin and/or measured dynorphin levels or KOR expression during opioid intoxication or withdrawal from opioids. One hundred studies were included in the final analysis. Preclinical administration of KOR agonists decreased drug-seeking/taking behaviors and opioid withdrawal symptoms. KOR antagonists showed mixed findings, depending on the agent and/or type of withdrawal symptom. Administration of dynorphins attenuated opioid withdrawal symptoms both in preclinical and clinical studies. In the limited number of available studies, dynorphin levels were found to increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of opioid use disorder subjects (OUD). In animals, dynorphin levels and/or KOR expression showed mixed findings during opioid use. The KOR/dynorphin system appears to have a multifaceted and complex nature rather than simply functioning as an anti-reward system. Future research in well-controlled study settings is necessary to better understand the clinical role of the KOR system in opioid use.

The purpose of this paper is to explain and explore the concept of tolerance as developed in post-Reformation Europe. The religious turmoil of this period tested the social order of the day and will be used to exemplify the difficulties of embracing tolerance while clinging to dogma. The work of French philosopher, Voltaire, provides the reader with an understanding of the Enlightenment's perspective on tolerance as an outgrowth of the repression of the reformation period. Tolerance, in the traditional sense, is limited to the allowance for diverse systems of ideas, beliefs and practices. Tolerance is differentiated from diversity, as a contemporary description of sensitivity to and appreciation of personal difference, and multiculturalism, an all—inclusive attempt to embrace ethnic and racial differences. Tolerance as a contributing factor to cultural progression has profound implications for the continuing evolution of leisure theory. Leisure, both substantively and functionally, requires and supports the notion of tolerance and its subcategories of diversity and multiculturalism.

The purpose of this study was to explore historical research trends in adapted physical activity by analyzing abstracts published under special populations by AAHPERD conventions from 1968 to 2004. There were 562 abstracts retrieved that were coded into seven categories: (a) number of authors, (b) data source, (c) sample size, (d) disability type, (e) data analysis, (f) type of study, and (g) focus of study. The coded data are presented as descriptive statistics and linear regression equations. The results of descriptive statistics describe an overall picture of the knowledge accumulation in adapted physical activity. The results of linear regression equations reveal a number of trends over the 37-year period. These trends suggest that adapted physical activity is a growing profession distinguished by several important research directions.

(2006). Student Self-Management through Contract Administration. SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 149-153.

Disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) are chronic, impairing, and costly behavioral health conditions that are four times more prevalent among children of color living in impoverished communities as compared to the general population. This disparity is largely due to the increased exposure to stressors related to low socioeconomic status including community violence, unstable housing, under supported schools, substance abuse, and limited support systems. However, despite high rates and greater need, there is a considerably lower rate of mental health service utilization among these youth. Accordingly, the current study aims to describe a unique model of integrated health care for ethnically diverse youth living in a New York City borough. With an emphasis on addressing possible barriers to implementation, integrated models for children have the potential to prevent ongoing mental health problems through early detection and intervention.

OBJECTIVE. The history and development of the Sensory Processing Measure–School are detailed, and findings of initial pilot studies are reported.METHOD. Multiple reviews, focus groups, case studies, and two pilot studies were used to develop the early versions of the tool. Internal consistency and discriminatory ability were examined.RESULTS. Internal consistency measured with Cronbach’s alphas ranged from .93 to .99 in the first pilot study and .70 to .99 in the second pilot study. Children who were typically developing were correctly classified 92.3% of the time, and children with sensory issues were correctly classified 72% of the time.CONCLUSION. Initial results suggest that the tool is reliable and valid and discriminates children with and without sensory processing issues. Further research is under way with larger samples.

This cross-sectional survey research investigated play preferences of children with and without developmental delays who were between 3 and 7 years old. Parents completed questionnaires regarding their child's play activity and context preferences. Valid results were obtained for 166 children, 83 of whom had developmental delays. Preference ratings were compared by gender, age, and delay status. Play preference did not differ by gender. Rough-and-tumble play and computer/video game play increased with age, whereas object exploration decreased. Children with developmental delays had higher preferences for rough-and-tumble play and object exploration and lower preferences for drawing and coloring, construction, and doll and action figurine play than typically developing children. This comparison of children's play preferences across ages, gender, and developmental status enhances our understanding of how these variables influence children's play.

This qualitative study investigated the perceptions of play experiences and rationales for play choices of 6 boys and 4 girls between the ages of 7 and 11 years. Individual in-depth interviews were completed and then transcribed, and the transcripts were coded and analyzed using grounded theory methodology. Fun emerged from the data as the core category explaining the choice of specific play activities for children, and 4 additional categories of characteristics surfaced as contributors to the children’s perception of fun: relational, activity, child, and contextual. The relationships among the core category, the 4 characteristics categories, and the development of play preference and meaningfulness are illustrated in the Dynamic Model for Play Choice. Included is a discussion of the usefulness of the model in supporting the careful consideration of factors that will increase the perception of fun during therapeutic activities and facilitate client-centered pediatric practice.

Changes in federal legislation guiding occupational therapy practice in educational environments have required modifications in the way therapists evaluate children in these settings. New methods in turn require new tools. This article will describe one new tool designed to assist school-based practitioners in their assessment of the impact of sensory processing and praxis difficulties on educational performance. The Sensory Processing Measure is an assessment tool that promotes team collaboration by examining performance across multiple natural environments and also considers the relationship between sensory processing, praxis and social participation. Part One of this paper provides a description of the assessment tool and its proposed uses while in Part Two, examples of the use of the measure will be presented.

A significant body of research exists that explores the stressors of raising a child with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There are fewer studies, however, that examine specific effective coping strategies of mothers of children with an ASD. This qualitative study explored mothers’ perceptions of effective coping strategies for their parenting stressors. In-depth interviews were conducted with 11 mothers to inquire about their personal coping methods. Interviews were coded and emergent themes identified that included coping strategies such as “me time,” planning, knowledge is power, sharing the load, lifting the restraints of labels, and recognizing the joys. The information from this study may benefit mothers of children with ASD and inform pediatric therapists providing services to children with ASD and their families.

School-based and early intervention occupational therapy evaluation is influenced by federal policy and prevailing ideas regarding best practice. Current best practice considers a child's performance in appropriate contexts and natural environments, as well as the impact of the environment on occupational functioning and participation across settings. As a recent report suggested 3.4% to 15.6% of children in a community sample of 4-year-olds may demonstrate sensory processing difficulties, occupational therapists should be familiar with multiple methods of assessment to address these concerns. One such assessment tool, the Sensory Processing Measure–Preschool (SPM-P) for children 2- to 5-years old, provides 8 scaled scores: Vision, Hearing, Touch, Body Awareness, Balance and Motion, Total Sensory System Score, Planning and Ideas, and Social Participation. Through discussion on the development, usage, and implementation of both Home and School forms, this article illustrates how the SPM-P provides a mechanism for preschool educational teams to meet best practice initiatives.

The increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests that dental practices will be seeing patients with this diagnosis more frequently. Although patients with ASD have similar dental needs to other patients, the symptoms of the disorder may influence the ability of dental practitioners to provide necessary care. Dental professionals may be unaware of the difficulties with sensory processing common to patients with ASD. However, awareness of sensory processing issues and knowledge of strategies to improve the sensory experience for individuals with ASD may improve dental visits for these patients and allow for enhanced dental care provision.