Search

Background The benefits of human milk for the preterm infant are well established. Preterm infants have lower breastfeeding rates and often face breastfeeding challenges. It is important that feeding practices for preterm infants optimize their chances of breastfeeding. Objective The purpose of this integrated review is to synthesize and critically analyze research related to the safety and efficacy of cup feeding as an alternative, supplemental feeding method for breastfed infants. Data Sources The electronic data bases of PubMed, CINAHL and were used to identify studies published in English from 1998- 2017. Design Using inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 articles were initially assessed. After further screening 19 articles were included in the full review and of these 5 more were excluded. Lastly, an in-depth review of these 14 studies resulted in 2 more exclusions, for a total of 12 studies that met full inclusion and exclusion criteria. Review Methods Studies were examined for information on safety and efficacy of cup feeding as an alternative, supplemental feeding method for preterm breastfed infants. Studies were grouped into categories of outcomes that included (a) safety and physiologic properties; (b) breastfeeding outcomes. Results Use of cup feeding resulted in more stable heart rate and oxygen saturation than bottle feeding with similar weight gain. Additionally, breastfeeding rates were higher at discharge with continued higher rates at 3 and 6 months post-discharge for cup fed infants. Conclusions Premature infants face more breastfeeding obstacles than term infants. The potential for cup feeding as an alternative to bottle-feeding for breast fed preterm infants is positively supported by these results It is fundamentally important for NICU professionals to establish a protocol, education and training for the potential use of this feeding method for this vulnerable population.

We present a measurement of inclusive J/ψ production at mid-rapidity (|y|¡1) in p+p collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s=200 GeV with the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The differential production cross section for J/ψ as a function of transverse momentum (pT) for 0¡pT¡14 GeV/c and the total cross section are reported and compared to calculations from the color evaporation model and the non-relativistic Quantum Chromodynamics model. The dependence of J/ψ relative yields in three pT intervals on charged-particle multiplicity at mid-rapidity is measured for the first time in p+p collisions at s=200 GeV and compared with that measured at s=7 TeV, PYTHIA8 and EPOS3 Monte Carlo generators, and the Percolation model prediction.

Despite great advances that have been made in the understanding and treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs), fewer than 11% of eligible patients seek treatment. Few studies have explored the roles of facilitators and barriers in treatment seeking from the perspectives of addiction-focused clinicians working in developing countries. This descriptive study used a mixed-methods research design with concurrent strategies. Research participants were addiction-focused clinicians (N = 112) working in India. Primary research questions examined (1) key facilitators that motivate patients to seek treatment, (2) major barriers in treatment seeking, and (3) critical strategies for enhancing treatment seeking with the support of family, friends, and community. Key facilitators of treatment seeking included informed and caring family members, friends, and community. The most common barriers were patients’ denial of the problem of SUDs, shame in admitting the problem, and belief and confidence that they can quit using substances by themselves anytime. A systemically focused public awareness creation strategy, implemented simultaneously at various key sectors in society, was recommended for facilitating treatment seeking and removing barriers. Implications for clinicians, patients, public health personnel, community leaders, and regional, national, and global policy makers are reviewed. © 2018, © 2018 Taylor & Francis.

The Affordable Care Act aims to increase affordable coverage, reduce overall costs, and improve health outcomes. To achieve these aims, new knowledge and skills must be built within the existing workforce. The purpose of this article is to examine the behavioral and organizational changes brought about by an educational program that aimed to retool the healthcare workforce for the implementation of integrated primary and behavioral healthcare models, with an added emphasis on prevention. Sixty-three participants of an Advanced Certificate Program completed 1 or more evidence-informed learning modules centered on integrated primary and behavioral health care. The vast majority of students who completed each of the 5 modules of the program reported acquiring new knowledge and skills. Student satisfaction of the program met or exceeded overall expectations. In addition, program participation has resulted in not only students’ intentions to change workplace practices but also actual implementation of workplace changes related to integrated care models. The Advanced Certificate Program appears to be a promising platform for service providers to align their knowledge and skills with the premises of current healthcare reform. © 2018, © 2018 Taylor & Francis.

Recent speckle observations performed at the Discovery Channel Telescope, the Gemini North Telescope, and the Special Astrophysical Observatory 6 m Telescope have permitted us to calculate the visual orbit of SB2 HD 114882 for the first time and to improve the visual orbits of two other SB2 systems, HD 30712 and HD 183255, using algorithms published by the authors of this research. Recently, new high-quality spectroscopic orbits have been obtained for these binaries by other authors. We determine their 3D orbits, individual masses, and orbital parallaxes, and present them in this paper. The parallaxes are compared with those available from the Gaia mission, and a comparison between the values confirms the precision of the results obtained here. © 2018. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

This comic essay engages trans embodiment and temporality, representation and identity, passing, and drawing as a form of thinking. Although uncommon, comics have been established in academia as a genre worthy of literary study as well as scholarly inquiry in the broader humanities, social sciences, and the arts (Bukatman, 2012; Chute, 2010; Howard & Jackson, 2013; Cox, 2016). Recently, scholars have also studied the use of comics making as an analytical tool in qualitative research (Katz, 2013; Sousanis, 2015; Weaver-Hightower, 2013; Flowers, 2017; Henningsen, 2017; Johnson, 2018). This comic essay invites communication scholars to consider transgender embodiment and mobility through a visual medium that can illustrate complex problems of precarity, passing, and the crossing of both material and symbolic borders and boundaries. As a genre, comics allow for dense and layered information to be conveyed very quickly, and its affordances lend themselves well to portraying the tensions in and between trans and gender-nonconforming experiences. The speech bubble and the thought bubble, for example, can juxtapose in a single panel what two characters are saying to one another and what they are thinking and feeling as well as how they are interacting and communicating non-verbally. This graphic scholarship demonstrates why the unique genre of comics is particularly apt in rendering instances of microagression or passing. I argue that comics as a form enable a shift from abstract concepts back into the body, the materiality of which can get lost in academic discourse.

Objective: Maternal depression is a common, chronic set of disorders associated with significant burden to caregivers, children and families. Some evidence suggests that depression is associated with perceptions of barriers to child mental health treatment and premature termination from services. However, this relationship has not yet been examined among a predominantly low-income sample, which is at disproportionately high risk of depression, child mental health problems, and treatment drop out. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between caregiver depression and perceived barriers to treatment. Methods: Three hundred twenty (n=320) children between the ages of 7 to 11 and their caregivers were assigned to either the 4 Rs and 2Ss for Strengthening Families, which is a multiple family group intervention, or services as usual (SAU) consisting of typical outpatient mental health services. Caregiver depression was measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Depression Scale; perceived barriers to treatment were assessed via the Kazdin Barriers to Treatment Scale. Results: Clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms at baseline were significantly associated with greater scores in all four barriers to treatment subscales (stressors and obstacles competing with treatment, treatment demands and issues, perceived relevance, relationship with therapist) at post-test. Conclusions: Addressing maternal mental health, and attending to stressors that impede poverty-impacted families from child services is critical for the health and functioning of caregivers, and to ensure that children with mental health problems receive treatment.

Traditionally, nursing is acknowledged as a caring profession and is associated with advocating for others. However, incivility is increasingly occurring amongst nurses, both in the clinical and academic environments, and is causing affected nurses both psychological and physical harm. Incivility Among Nursing Professionals in Clinical and Academic Environments: Emerging Research and Opportunities provides emerging views and consequences surrounding workplace bullying in the healthcare profession including recognizing the signs and symptoms of incivility in the workplace, identifying ways in which affected nurses can seek help, and examining healthy methods of coping with the incivility. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as human resources, therapy, and clinical nursing, this book is ideally designed for nurses, managers, healthcare workers and consumers, hospital and clinical staff, researchers, students, and policymakers.

This research examines how people's mental accounting is influenced by their thinking style (analytic vs. holistic). Mental accounting literature shows that people mentally allocate their resources into certain accounts and track expenses against them. The current research, however, finds that while analytic thinkers show such “mental labeling effect,” the holistic thinkers' mental accounting system is flexible. Specifically, analytic thinkers limit their expenses of rebate money to similar category purchases, whereas holistic thinkers show preference for both similar and dissimilar category items (studies 1 and 2). Study 3 shows the mental accounting divergence across analytic- and holistic-thinking groups by examining how they use mental accounting rules in spending gift cards (vs. cash). Study 4 exhibits the underlying psychological process in showing that this effect is attributed to differences in categorization flexibility between the analytic-and holistic-thinking groups. In addition, the above effects are moderated by product type. The divergence in mental accounting between analytic and holistic thinkers is mostly evident in utilitarian (vs. hedonic) consumption instances. Study 5 provides further insights into the moderation effect. The implications of these findings include divergence in cross-category effects of price promotions, and the effect of cross-market discounts between analytic and holistic thinkers.

Fluctuations of conserved quantities such as baryon number, charge, and strangeness are sensitive to the correlation length of the hot and dense matter created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions and can be used to search for the QCD critical point. We report the first measurements of the moments of net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at sNN=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV. The collision centrality and energy dependence of the mean (M), variance (σ2), skewness (S), and kurtosis (κ) for net-kaon multiplicity distributions as well as the ratio σ2/M and the products Sσ and κσ2 are presented. Comparisons are made with Poisson and negative binomial baseline calculations as well as with UrQMD, a transport model (UrQMD) that does not include effects from the QCD critical point. Within current uncertainties, the net-kaon cumulant ratios appear to be monotonic as a function of collision energy.

Fentanyl and its derivatives have become pervasive contaminants in the U.S. heroin supply. Previously, we reported a proof-of-concept vaccine designed to combat against heroin contaminated with fentanyl. Herein, we optimized the admixture vaccine and found that it surpassed the individual vaccines in every antinociceptive test, including a 10% fentanyl to heroin formulation. It is anticipated that other co-occurring drug abuse disorders may also be examined with admixture vaccines. © 2018 American Chemical Society.

An important challenge in monitoring, planning and evaluating coastal saltmarsh resources in the face of predicted sea level rise (SLR) using numerical

Globally, rapid demographic change of coastal urban agglomerations, the speed of urbanisation over time, the overall impact of coastal space occupation as well

We present measurements of three-particle correlations for various harmonics in Au+Au collisions at energies ranging from sNN=7.7√sNN=7.7 to 200 GeV using the STAR detector. The quantity 〈cos(mϕ1+nϕ2−(m+n)ϕ3)〉⟨cos(mϕ1+nϕ2−(m+n)ϕ3)⟩, with ϕϕ being the azimuthal angles of the particles is evaluated as a function of sNN√sNN, collision centrality, transverse momentum, pTpT, pseudorapidity difference, ΔηΔη, and harmonics (mm and nn). These data provide detailed information on global event properties such as the three-dimensional structure of the initial overlap region, the expansion dynamics of the matter produced in the collisions, and the transport properties of the medium. A strong dependence on ΔηΔη is observed for most harmonic combinations, which is consistent with breaking of longitudinal boost invariance. An interesting energy dependence is observed when one of the harmonics m,n,m,n, or m+nm+n is equal to two, for which the correlators are dominated by the two-particle correlations relative to the second-harmonic event plane. These measurements can be used to constrain models of heavy-ion collisions over a wide range of temperature and baryon chemical potential.

In this article, I discuss the process of conducting research with two vulnerable and hard-to-reach populations (homeless and incarcerated men) in three research locations characterized by varying levels of gatekeeping: a prison, public streets in an urban city, and a residential facility for homeless men. I argue that, despite the obstacles to independent research that gatekeepers (officials who can grant or deny researchers access to participants) pose, research with vulnerable, hard-to-reach populations in different field sites reveals some of the benefits of using field sites characterized by gatekeeping and strict rules to which researchers must adhere. Many of these benefits, however, go unacknowledged in discussions of access in qualitative studies—especially in the penological literature. I conclude that, instead of shying away from qualitative prison studies, researchers should take advantage of the benefits that prisons offer as field sites.

This theoretical paper explores the need to use posttraumatic growth (PTG) as a framework when studying sexual minority women (SMW) who are survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) to examine the relationship between risk factors such as stress, anxiety and alcohol use and to understand the role of protective factors through mining for the presence of posttraumatic growth (PTG). Despite a call for continued research in this highly vulnerable population, representative studies of SMW and PTG remain extremely limited. Research that examines the relationship between IPV, behavioral health issues, and posttraumatic growth would provide the opportunity to develop tailored intervention models and opportunities for program development to decrease isolation and increase factors of posttraumatic growth. In particular, the impact of how interpersonal relationships as potential mediators and/or outcomes of posttraumatic growth (PTG) needs to be explored more thoroughly. PTG is a valuable framework for vulnerable populations such as sexual minority women because it focuses on how transformative change may result from traumatic experiences such as surviving IPV.

New measurements of directed flow for charged hadrons, characterized by the Fourier coefficient v1, are presented for transverse momenta pT, and centrality intervals in Au+Au collisions recorded by the STAR experiment for the center-of-mass energy range sNN=7.7–200 GeV. The measurements underscore the importance of momentum conservation, and the characteristic dependencies on sNN, centrality and pT are consistent with the expectations of geometric fluctuations generated in the initial stages of the collision, acting in concert with a hydrodynamic-like expansion. The centrality and pT dependencies of v1even, as well as an observed similarity between its excitation function and that for v3, could serve as constraints for initial-state models. The v1even excitation function could also provide an important supplement to the flow measurements employed for precision extraction of the temperature dependence of the specific shear viscosity.

Background: In previous reports, the antibacterial properties of certain tetrazole derivatives have been described. We have previously reported the antibac...