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Despite increased efforts by more organizations to be seen as “gay-friendly,” workplaces remain challenging sites for LGBTQ employees to navigate. We examine the ways in which LGBTQ employees experience dignity threats in the workplace and the protection strategies they use to deflect those threats. Interviews with 36 LGBTQ working adults revealed that their dignity is threatened by a range of identity-sensitive inequalities that undermine their safety and security when they claim authentic gendered/sexual identities. Specific safety and security threats to dignity include social harm, autonomy violations, career harm, and physical harm. To (re)claim their dignity, they engage in four primary dignity protection strategies: avoiding harm by seeking safe spaces, deflecting harm with sexual identity management, offsetting identity devaluations by emphasizing instrumental value, and creating safe spaces for authenticity and dignity. Copyright (C) 2017 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

As the number of children affected by obesity increases in the United States, it is necessary to intervene with preventive and intervention techniques that will enact change. Because children spend a significant amount of their time in school, it is of particular interest to target strategies during the school day. Given the recommendations for the total duration and intensity of physical activity children should participate in, recess period is a means of acquiring a portion of this daily recommendation. Contingent reinforcement is a technique that is consistently used in schools to promote behavior change. One of these techniques, group contingencies, has repeatedly been shown to increase desired behavior and decrease inappropriate behavior in schools. In the present study, a multiple baseline design was utilized to investigate the use of interdependent group contingencies in physical activity performance during recess, as measured by pedometers, with one class from each of the third, fourth, and fifth grades at an elementary school. Some of the variability existed in gender- and body mass index-specific (BMI) subgroups, in regard to the effectiveness of the intervention and continued maintenance of increased physical activity levels, following the removal of the intervention. However, the overall results support the use of an interdependent group contingency intervention to increase the amount of physical activity students engaged in during recess.

We study the relationship between the reduction number of a primary ideal of a local ring relative to one of its minimal reductions and the multiplicity of the corresponding Sally module. This paper is focused on three goals: (i) to develop a change of rings technique for the Sally module of an ideal to allow extension of results from Cohen–Macaulay rings to more general rings; (ii) to use the fiber of the Sally modules of almost complete intersection ideals to connect its structure to the Cohen–Macaulayness of the special fiber ring; (iii) to extend some of the results of (i) to two-dimensional Buchsbaum rings. Along the way, we provide an explicit realization of the S2S_{2} -fication of arbitrary Buchsbaum rings.

When a speaker talks, the consequences of this can both be heard (audio) and seen (visual). A novel visual phonemic restoration task was used to assess behavioral discrimination and neural signatures (event-related potentials, or ERP) of audiovisual processing in typically developing children with a range of social and communicative skills assessed using the social responsiveness scale, a measure of traits associated with autism. An auditory oddball design presented two types of stimuli to the listener, a clear exemplar of an auditory consonant-vowel syllable /ba/ (the more frequently occurring standard stimulus), and a syllable in which the auditory cues for the consonant were substantially weakened, creating a stimulus which is more like /a/ (the infrequently presented deviant stimulus). All speech tokens were paired with a face producing /ba/ or a face with a pixelated mouth containing motion but no visual speech. In this paradigm, the visual /ba/ should cause the auditory /a/ to be perceived as /ba/, creating an attenuated oddball response; in contrast, a pixelated video (without articulatory information) should not have this effect. Behaviorally, participants showed visual phonemic restoration (reduced accuracy in detecting deviant /a/) in the presence of a speaking face. In addition, ERPs were observed in both an early time window (N100) and a later time window (P300) that were sensitive to speech context (/ba/ or /a/) and modulated by face context (speaking face with visible articulation or with pixelated mouth). Specifically, the oddball responses for the N100 and P300 were attenuated in the presence of a face producing /ba/ relative to a pixelated face, representing a possible neural correlate of the phonemic restoration effect. Notably, those individuals with more traits associated with autism (yet still in the non-clinical range) had smaller P300 responses overall, regardless of face context, suggesting generally reduced phonemic discrimination.

New state records are provided for two recently de­scribed species of North American Acentrella Bengtsson, 1912. Acentrella nadineae McCafferty, Waltz & Webb, 2009 is newly reported from Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Minnesota, and A. rallatoma Burian & Myers, 2011 is reported from Minnesota.

We report the first measurement of the elliptic anisotropy (v2) of the charm meson D0 at midrapidity (|y|<1) in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV. The measurement was conducted by the STAR experiment at RHIC utilizing a new high-resolution silicon tracker. The measured D0 v2 in 0%-80% centrality Au+Au collisions can be described by a viscous hydrodynamic calculation for a transverse momentum (pT) of less than 4 GeV/c. The D0 v2 as a function of transverse kinetic energy (mT-m0, where mT=pT2+m02) is consistent with that of light mesons in 10%-40% centrality Au+Au collisions. These results suggest that charm quarks have achieved local thermal equilibrium with the medium created in such collisions. Several theoretical models, with the temperature-dependent, dimensionless charm spatial diffusion coefficient (2πTDs) in the range of ∼2-12, are able to simultaneously reproduce our D0 v2 result and our previously published results for the D0 nuclear modification factor. © 2017 American Physical Society.

Background: Tetrazole derivatives such as 1-substituted dinitrobenzyl tetrazoles and their oxa and selanyl analogs have previously been studied against drug-susceptible and multidrugresistant mycobacteria. In addition, other tetrazole derivatives have been shown to inhibit CTX-M class A μ-lactamases. Objective: To study the antibacterial activity of 5-substituted aryl 1H-tetrazole derivatives. Methods: The antibacterial activity of several known 5-substituted aryl 1H-tetrazole derivatives was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The activity was assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of these tetrazole derivatives and comparing them to the known antibiotics amoxicillin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Results: Some derivatives showed significant antibacterial activity with the most active derivatives exhibiting a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125-250 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Using some of these tetrazole compounds in combination with trimethoprim led to a synergistic effect that gave MIC values ranging from 0.24-1.95 μg/mL against Escherichia coli and 3.91-31.3 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. The tetrazole derivatives were prepared in an isopropanol/water mixture using microwave heating at 160 °C for 1h. The cycloaddition between organonitriles and sodium azide was catalyzed by indium chloride. Conclusion: This study shows a significant synergistic effect between the tetrazole compounds tested and trimethoprim which could be used to potentially develop new antibacterial agents. © 2017 Bentham Science Publishers.

This article is one of the first to systematically assess the ability of state fragility measures to predict violent protests and adverse regime changes in countries. We focus on the Arab Spring as an example of a situation that such measures ought to predict. Through a variety of analyses, we find that none of the measures are predictive. We then create a simple model using the literature of protest and revolts to predict both the level of violence and the extent of regime change in the Arab Spring countries. This simpler model does a better job of predicting the level of involvement in the Arab Spring than any of the complex State Fragility Indexes. Thus, the goal of this article is not to explain the causes of the Arab Spring, but to add to the discussion of the predictive value of measures of instability.

Before 1944, countless Costa Rican travelers perished on the narrow rocky trail that traversed the 3,491 meter Cerro de la Muerte. Undaunted, between 1941 and 1944 U.S. engineers and Costa Rican workers built a 49-mile segment of the Inter-American Highway that conquered the Cerro. For many, both in the countryside and in the city, the roadway was a symbol of progress and modernization that inspired an image of the San José-centered state as a benevolent patriarch and the United States as a wealthy and generous Good Neighbor. The roadway, however, also had its detractors, namely communist labor organizers, who saw the project as a symbol of U.S. imperial exploitation that threatened Costa Rican sovereignty and harmed workers. The Communist press and labor organizers sought to mobilize highway workers and popular discontent against the roadway, but their efforts were largely ineffective. Indeed, ultimately, roadway workers, their families, and neighbors were grateful for the increased transportation and communication the roadway furnished their communities and the well-remunerated labor opportunities this transnational infrastructure provided. In sum, the roadway’s detractors failed to foster negative perceptions of the roadway as a symbol of the exploitative nature of the U.S. Empire on the ground.

Second language (L2) classroom research has sought to shed light on the processes and practices that develop L2 learners' abilities [Nunan, D. 2004. Task-based language teaching. London: Continuum; Verplaetse, L. 2014. Using big questions to apprentice students into language-rich classroom practices. TESOL Quarterly, 179, 632-641; Zeungler, J., & Mori, J. 2002. Microanalyses of classroom discourse: A critical consideration of method. Applied Linguistics, 23(3), 283-288]. Honing in on the micro-level of classroom tasks and even further into the language of the tasks can help to reveal the patterns in teacher- and student-talk that help scaffold students' academic literacy. Literacy, from a systemic functional view of language learning, entails having the tools to function in the social contexts that are valued in students' lives. This study illustrates how grounded ethnography was used in conjunction with functional discourse analysis to illuminate bi-literacy development in two third-year university Spanish writing classes. Findings uncovered unique patterns of tasks and oral interactions that helped build students' academic bi-literacy. While grammar tasks helped build students' knowledge of wording-meaning relationships, culture and writing tasks supported their evolving understanding of how language construes content. This study puts forth a systemic functional curricular model for literacy-based tasks that aims to bridge the previously observed language-content gap.

Background: Schools of nursing have moved to multiple choice test questions to help prepare students for licensure and practice. However, students can buy test banks to help them “get through” nursing school. Accurate assessment of nursing students' knowledge and judgment comprises access to test banks. Method: The purpose of this exploratory study was to gain an understanding about nursing faculty's knowledge concerning test bank security issues, to assess whether publishers were aware of this issue, and vendor's reasons for supplying test banks to students. Results: Overall, the results indicated that the majority of faculty were unaware of student access to test banks, and although most do not use test banks verbatim, general consensus existed that test bank security is a concern. Conclusion: Implications include increasing faculty awareness of test bank access by students, supporting educators to develop their own test bank items, and promoting security of all examinations.

Despite their close proximity, the complex interplay between the two Magellanic Clouds, the Milky Way and the resulting tidal features, is still poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) has a very extended disc strikingly perturbed in its outskirts.We search for recent star formation in the far outskirts of the LMC, out to ~30° from its centre.We have collected intermediate-resolution spectra of 31 young star candidates in the periphery of the LMC and measured their radial velocity, stellar parameters, distance and age. Our measurements confirm membership to the LMC of six targets, for which the radial velocity and distance values match well with those of the Cloud. These objects are all young (10-50 Myr), main-sequence stars, projected between 7° and 13° from the centre of the parent galaxy. We compare the velocities of our stars with those of a disc model, and find that our stars have low to moderate velocity differences with the disc model predictions, indicating that they were formed in situ. Our study demonstrates that recent star formation occurred in the far periphery of the LMC, where thus far only old objects were known. The spatial configuration of these newly formed stars appears ring-like with a radius of 12 kpc and a displacement of 2.6 kpc from the LMC's centre. This structure, if real, would be suggestive of a star formation episode triggered by an off-centre collision between the Small Magellanic Cloud and the LMC's disc. © 2016 The Authors.

We report on speckle observations of binary stars carried out at the WIYN Telescope over the period from 2010 September through 2012 February, providing relative astrometry for 2521 observations of 883 objects, 856 of which are double stars and 27 of which are triples. The separations measured span a range of 0.01-1.75 arcsec. Wavelengths of 562, 692, and 880 nm were used, and differential photometry at one or more of these wavelengths is presented in most cases. 66 components were resolved for the first time. We also estimate detection limits at 0.2 and 1.0 arcsec for high-quality observations in cases where no companion was seen, a total of 176 additional objects. Detection limits vary based on observing conditions and signal-to-noise ratio, but are approximately 4 mag at 0.2 arcsec and 6 mag at 1.0 arcsec on average. Analyzing the measurement precision of the data set, we find that the individual separations obtained have linear measurement uncertainties of approximately 2 mas, and photometry is uncertain to approximately 0.1 mag in general. This work provides fundamental, well-calibrated data for future orbit and mass determinations, and we present three first orbits and total mass estimates of nearby K-dwarf systems as examples of this potential. © 2017. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved..

We report the discovery of HAT-P-67b, which is a hot-Saturn transiting a rapidly rotating F-subgiant. HAT-P-67b has a radius of Rp=2.085 -0.071 +0.096 RJ, and orbites a M∗ = 1.642-0.072 +0.155 M, R∗ = 2.546-0.099 +0.0084 R host star in a ∼4.81 day period orbit. We place an upper limit on the mass of the planet via radial velocity measurements to be Mp &lt; 0.59 MJ, and a lower limit of &gt;0.056 MJ by limitations on Roche lobe overflow. Despite being a subgiant, the host star still exhibits relatively rapid rotation, with a projected rotational velocity of v sin I∗ = 35.8 ±1.1 km s-1, which makes it difficult to precisely determine the mass of the planet using radial velocities. We validated HAT-P-67b via two Doppler tomographic detections of the planetary transit, which eliminate potential eclipsing binary blend scenarios. The Doppler tomographic observations also confirm that HAT-P-67b has an orbit that is aligned to within 12, in projection, with the spin of its host star. HAT-P-67b receives strong UV irradiation and is among one of the lowest density planets known, which makes it a good candidate for future UV transit observations in the search for an extended hydrogen exosphere. © 2017. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

In the era between the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act and the Immigration Act of 1924, nativist advocates for immigration restriction commonly invoked metaphors of eating and digestion to support their cases. This essay draws on political, popular, and scientific discourses around immigration and digestion in order to analyze the affective power of the rhetorically constructed “body politic.” While numerous scholars have addressed the ways immigrants have been variously figured as threats to the nation—as pollutants, toxins, disease, floods, or invading armies—few have analyzed metaphors of eating and digestion. I argue that the national body became a metonym for the ideal (white) citizen body, which supported anti-immigrant rhetoric through metaphors of eating, digesting, and eliminating undesirable aliens—those who did not agree with the national stomach. The body politic came to represent the ideal US American body as individuals were invited to identify with the nation through the trope of the body politic; immigrants who did not share this ideal body were rendered undesirable through their association with indigestibility and disgust. This essay demonstrates the affective and thus political power that digestion metaphors provided, shedding light on an early instantiation of the disgust that pulses through twenty-first-century anti-immigrant discourse in the United States.

Many students with a history of speech or language impairment have an elevated risk of reading difficulty. Specific subgroups of these students remain at risk of reading problems even after clinical manifestations of a speech or language disorder have diminished. These students may require reading intervention within a general education system of supports and services. The first part of this article describes three speech-language disorders that place elementary students at risk of reading problems: functional speech disorders, childhood apraxia of speech, and specific language impairment. Emphasis is given to research findings on the reading outcomes of students with these disorders. The second part of the article provides recommendations within an RTI framework that will assist Student Support Teams in identifying, monitoring, and supporting these students. © 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.