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The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of different pretest pedaling cadences on power outcomes obtained during the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Vigorously exercising adult men (n 14, 24.9 ± 1.2 years) and women (n 14, 20.4 ± 0.6 years) participated in a randomized crossover study during which they performed the 30-second WAnT on a mechanically braked cycle ergometer (0.075 kg·kg-1 body weight) under 2 conditions. Participants pedaled maximally with an unloaded flywheel during 5 seconds before resistance was applied and the test began (FAST). In another trial, participants maintained a moderate cadence (80 revolutions per minute [rpm]) during 5 seconds before the test began (MOD). All other components of the WAnT were identical. Peak power (PP), mean power (MP), minimum power (MinP), fatigue index (%FAT), and maximum cadence during test were recorded. Comparisons were made using a 2 × 2 factorial repeated-measures analysis of variance. Regardless of gender, the FAST condition resulted in 22.2% lower PP (612.6 ± 33.0 W vs. 788.3 ± 43.5 W), 13.3% lower MP (448.4 ± 22.2 W vs. 517.2 ± 26.4 W), 11.7% lower MinP (280.9 ± 14.8 W vs. 318.3 ± 17.2 W), and 9.0% lower %FAT (53.5 ± 1.3% vs. 58.8 ± 1.5%) than MOD condition (p < 0.01; mean ± SD). Similar outcomes were observed within gender. The authors conclude that practitioners of the WAnT should instruct participants to maintain a moderate pedal cadence (∼80 rpm) during 5 seconds before the test commences to avoid bias from software sampling and peripheral fatigue. Standardizing the pretest pedal cadence will be important to exercise testing professionals who compare data with norms or generate norms for specific populations. © 2015 National Strength and Conditioning Association.

This chapter discusses the case of Kelly, a 43-year-old white woman married to an Air Force pilot, came to counseling because she was struggling with several issues. Watching the news about and receiving updates from her husband's command exacerbated Kelly's sense of being overwhelmed and powerless. The author first tried to identify the supports Kelly needed to have in place as she went through her lumpectomy. Second, the counselors explored how to secure resources for James's school issues. According to the author, family counseling sessions should be conducted once Kelly begins to make some minor adjustments and feels more in control. Other possible approaches include solution-focused interventions for short-term results, cognitive-behavioral therapy with Kelly and the children, and family systems theory. As religion is important to Kelly and her husband, the counselor could explore ways to incorporate interventions appropriate to her religious beliefs and values. © 2015 by the American Counseling Association. All rights reserved.

The extent to which point defects affect the local chemical reactivity and electronic properties of an oxide surface was evaluated with picometer resolution in all three spatial dimensions using simultaneous atomic force/scanning tunneling microscopy measurements performed on the (110) face of rutile TiO2. Oxygen atoms were imaged as protrusions in both data channels, corresponding to a rarely observed imaging mode for this prototypical metal oxide surface. Three-dimensional spectroscopy of interaction forces and tunneling currents was performed on individual surface and subsurface defects as a function of tip-sample distance. An interstitial defect assigned to a subsurface hydrogen atom is found to have a distinct effect on the local density of electronic states on the surface, but no detectable influence on the tip-sample interaction force. Meanwhile, spectroscopic data acquired on an oxygen vacancy highlight the role of the probe tip in chemical reactivity measurements. © 2016 AIP Publishing LLC.

Since the advent of medical treatments for HIV, the promotion of adherence to these difficult treatment regimens has proven critical to disease management. Three Connecticut state-funded HIV medication adherence programs were evaluated. The purpose of this process evaluation was to explore and compare the goals and modality of each adherence program, assess client and staff satisfaction, and provide recommendations for the improvement of these programs. Focus group interviews with clients and individual interviews with staff were conducted at each of the programs. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed with a code-and-retrieve method of theme identification. Focus group themes included the importance of social support on medication adherence and the “lifesaving” effect the program has had. The staff expressed that although complete adherence should be the long-term objective, more intermediate objectives should be considered (e.g., behavioral changes to increase clients’ ability, selfesteem, and self-efficacy to take medications). © 2014, 2011, 2008, 2005, 2003, 2001 by Taylor & Francis.

When MOOCs exploded into the public consciousness in 2012, many supporters touted their potential to disrupt higher education. In a short time, MOOCs have evolved, and that role as radical change agents seems to have faded. However, the use of Hybrid MOOCs, in which onground courses use MOOCs for some or all of their content, does have the potential to be disruptive, albeit on a smaller scale. This article will describe one Hybrid MOOC and the ways it could be used to disrupt individual pedagogy, and perhaps affect larger change as a result. © 2017 by IGI Global. All rights reserved.

Deranged howling is a hallmark of wolves, horror texts and heavy metal music artists. This article discusses how wolves, heavy metal music artists and horror text directors use diegetic sound to interact with listeners. Wolves use howls in real life to communicate their location and identity to their pack-mates. Howling in heavy metal music is used either as a literal sound or as a metaphor, to unite their audiences as one cohesive pack, or as a reunion call. The sound of a wolf in horror films indicates something wicked coming along, often in the form of a werewolf or other nefarious monsters. This article shows how a cry in the dark in horror texts, heavy metal music, and in the wilderness is a means of communicating an emotion or identity to a mass human or lupine audience. © 2016 Intellect Ltd Article.

Type O Negative’s ‘Wolf Moon (including Zoanthropic Paranoia)’ seems to be a melodic ode to lascivious werewolves or to sexual intercourse during menstruation, which is transformative, allowing participation to channel animalistic instincts. Subject to more critical examination, ‘Wolf Moon (including Zoanthropic Paranoia)’ can also be presented as a contemporary incarnation of the ‘Little Red Riding Hood’ myth. Both contain the same themes: the stigmatization of eroticism, reclamation of agency, along with the nuances of gender identity and representation. Any Women’s Studies programme student is attuned to how storytelling and imagery of those within the story influence gender roles and their perceptions. Real-life themes are undoubtedly found within fairy tales as well, with a special emphasis on how women who do not remain in their proper place are punished because of it. In ‘Wolf Moon (including Zoanthropic Paranoia)’, the woman is rewarded for those experiences, by being permitted to indulge in her darkest desires. Meeting (or meating) a wolf that is hungry for you is nothing to fear in Type O Negative’s version of ‘Little Red Riding Hood’. Instead, it is the hallmark of a ‘great day’, and is something that should be celebrated. As ‘Little Red Riding Hood’ traverses onward throughout the western society’s cultural consciousness, one can only hope for further metal music acts interpretations of this infamous fairy tale. Representation matters, and the nuances of how the female gender has been portrayed throughout the centuries as reflected in the re-telling of a fairy tale is a subject that warrants a closer look through metal music and gender. © 2016 Intellect Ltd Article.

This paper analyzes the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as intermediaries in encouraging the European Union (EU) to adopt International Accounting Standards (IAS). Our analysis begins with the 1973 founding of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC), and ends with 2002 when the binding EU regulation was approved. We document the many pathways of interaction between European supranational, governmental bodies and the IASC/IASB, as well as important regional NGOs, such as the Union Européenne des Experts Comptables, Économiques et Financiers (UEC), the Groupe d’Etudes des Experts Comptables de la Communauté Économique Européenne (Groupe d’Etudes), and their successor, the Fédération des Experts Comptables Européens (FEE). This study investigates, through personal interviews of key individuals involved in making the history of the organizations studied, and an extensive set of primary sources, how NGOs filled key roles in the process of harmonization of international accounting standards. © 2016, American Accounting Association. All rights reserved.

Pancreatic islet dysfunction leading to insufficient glucose-stimulated insulin secretion triggers the clinical onset of diabetes. How islet dysfunction develops is not well understood at the cellular level, partly owing to the lack of approaches to study single islets longitudinally in vivo. Here, we present a noninvasive, high-resolution system to quantitatively image real-time glucose metabolism from single islets in vivo, currently not available with any other method. In addition, this multifunctional system simultaneously reports islet function, proliferation, vasculature and macrophage infiltration in vivo from the same set of images. Applying our method to a longitudinal high-fat diet study revealed changes in islet function as well as alternations in islet microenvironment. More importantly, this label-free system enabled us to image real-time glucose metabolism directly from single human islets in vivo for the first time, opening the door to noninvasive longitudinal in vivo studies of healthy and diabetic human islets. © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.