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The aptitudes and abilities required for the position of programmer, within the computer industry, have yet to be fully studied and their inter-relationships known. Although the industry is relatively new, a substantial amount of research in the areas of personnel selection, evaluation and job requirements has been undertaken. Yet these studies have confined themselves primarily to the use of interest scales, aptitude and achievement tests as overall predictors for on-the-job success rather than in the study of the cognitive factors pertinent to the tasks of which programming is composed. In a study by Deutsch and Shea, Inc. (1963), the relationship between the programmer and the computer is seen as analogous to that of the mahout and his elephant. As with the mahout, the programmer uses his intelligence, skills and abilities in the control and guidance of a powerful and flexible, yet non-intelligent, tool in the performance of specific finite operations which contribute to the completion of more complex tasks. It is the programmer who, when presented with a problem from science, engineering or business, must work out a solution. John and Miller (1957) state that all problems have two general parts: the specific components involved (i.e., data, etc.) and the relationships which are the orderings of or changes to the specific components.

The localization ability of 10 normally hearing adults was determined under varying microphone separations and varying sound source azimuths. The stimuli (white noise bursts) were prerecorded, after being transduced through 'body' hearing aids and then played to the subjects over headphones. Results indicated that there was an improvement in localization ability for all azimuth conditions when the microphones were spaced wider than 12.7 cm apart (15.2-30.5 cm). The smaller the separations (5.5-12.7 cm), the poorer the localization. Localization was always poorer at 30° azimuth (the smallest used) than at any of the other azimuths (0° 30° 60° 90° right and left), regardless of microphone spacing. Implications are made about the relation of these findings to the use of binaural body aids on infants and young children. © 1977 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.

This study tested and confirmed the clinical impressions that (a) the novice psychotherapist may focus so much upon the exact words and nonverbal behavior patterns of his client (the process of making “concrete” statements) that he may lose sight of the larger picture that his client may be revealing at any given moment during the interview; (b) the experienced psychotherapist, on the other hand, seems to be responding to the words of the patient at a level of abstraction that attempts to integrate and understand the messages that the patient is trying to convey about himself; and (c) this latter process is reflected in the making of relatively more “abstract” comments than is true of the novice. S s were 24 first-year psychiatric residents and 19 staff psychologists and psychiatrists at a veterans hospital and a medical school. The learning theory implications of these findings is discussed. © 1976 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

What would appear to be the simplest of the sulphur-containing pyridine ligands, 2-mercaptopyridine, gives complex, poorly-characterized derivatives with transition metal ions [1, 2]. The conversion of this compound to 2-sulfenamidopyridine and the latter's coordination to divalent metal ions yields complexes in which, in every reported instance, bonding is through the two nitrogen atoms [3]. The Schiff base derivatives of 2-sulphenamidopyridine also give species which conform to the expected mode of complexation[3]. The complexes of 2,6-dimercaptopyridine have also been reported[4]. As with the monosubstituted derivatives, no clearly defined structure has been reported, although these complexes are thought to be highly polymeric species. In this communication, the synthesis and pattern of complexation of 2,6-disulphenamidopyridine and its Schiff-base derivative with 2-pyridinaldehyde are investigated. Particular emphasis is placed on the structures of the nickel(II) analogs. © 1968.

The ED50 of a strain of Serratia marcescens for microinjected instar III and IV gypsy moth larvae was 7.5 and 14.5 viable cells, respectively. Percentage and rate of mortality were found to be highly variable among replicates of the same instar and between instars in free-feeding bioassays. Mortality in second instar larvae occurred before ecdysis, whereas practically no mortality occurred in third and fourth instars until the molting period. Neither Boivin endotoxin preparations nor culture filtrates were toxic to instar III larvae when administered per os or by microinjection. Histological evidence indicated that the microorganism invaded the hemocoel of healthy or predisposed insects through the gut wall. The rapid multiplication of the bacterium in the hemocoel of infected insects, followed by death in the absence of extensive tissue damage, indicated mortality was due to a septicemia. The histological and biological evidence presented indicated that the microorganism would be less than effective if utilized as a conventional microbial insecticide. © 1976.

A gram-negative bacillus, pathogenic for gypsy moth larvae, was characterized culturally, morphologically, and physiologically as a member of the Serratia group of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The microorganism lacked the pigmentation characteristic of the group but was generally distinguished from closely related members of the family by its inability to produce gas from glucose, inositol, glycerol, and cellobiose; its rapid liquefaction of gelatin; and its failure to ferment raffinose or arabinose. The microorganism displayed lecithinase, deoxyribonuclease, and chitinase activity. The percentage of G + C in DNA from this bacterium was within the range reported for known strains of Serratia marcescens. © 1976.

1. 1. The influence of thermal acclimation on cable constants of the median giant axon of earthworms, Lumbricus terrestris L., has been studied using standard intracellular stimulating and recording techniques. 2. 2. Acute cooling of axons from warm-acclimated worms resulted in changes in cable constants, some of which were partially compensated for (reversed) after cold acclimation. 3. 3. Of special interest is the relative behavior of specific axoplasm resistance in response to acute temperature change in warm- and cold-acclimated worms. 4. 4. The results suggest that thermal acclimation alters the properties of the axoplasm and that the resulting changes in cable constants contribute to compensatory adjustments in nerve conduction velocity after acclimation. © 1973.

Growth and survival of scaled sardine, Harengula pensacolae, larvae were evaluated in laboratory rearing experiments at temperatures ranging from 21 to 35 C. Fertilized eggs were obtained in plankton collections made near Miami, Florida, in summer 1971. Larvae were reared for 15 days after hatching in temperature-controlled, 75-liter aquaria. Hatching success was high at all temperatures but larvae did not survive at 35 C, and survival was poor at 21-23 C. Survival was best at temperatures between 26 and 32 C. Mean daily growth increments ranged from 0.056 mm at 21-23 C to 1.035 mm at 32 C. Growth in relation to temperature was expressed by the equation Y = -0.8474 + 0.0537X, where Y equals daily growth increment and X equals temperature. Larval behavior was normal at 26 to 33.5 C. Critical high and low temperatures for larval survival were 35 C and approximately 20 C. © 1972 by the American Fisheries Society.

The most commonly used measurement of radiation damage to seeds is seedling height, the mean height a lot of seeds attains at some time during exponential growth. If planted immediately post-irradiation, seeds of a dose lot give a normal height distribution, but if stored before planting give very abnormal and even bimodal height distributions. By within-seed comparisons of chromosome abnormality (from roots excised at 24-36 hr) with height (attained by 7-9 days) in irradiated barley seeds, it is shown that damage to height and to chromosomes are closely correlated, even within a treatment in which great heterogeneity occurs. The two effects have equal radiosensitivity, but different shoulders to their dose curves. Seedling height is not depressed until 25-30 per cent of the cells bear chromosomal abnormalities. The heterogeneity observed is not due to a between-seed heterogeneity in dose or in oxygen content, and probably not in moisture. These experiments show that the heterogeneity arises from factors that operate on post-irradiation (indirect) storage damage, but are without effect on during-irradiation damage (direct). © 1969 Pergamon Press Ltd.