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Temporal and spatial analysis was applied to a sequence of cloud top pressure (CTP) images and cloud optical thickness (TAU) images, and a storm tracking algorithm was proposed. A sequence of storm tracks from the satellite images was developed from the satellite images. Composite images were created by projecting ahead in time and substituting the first valid pixel for missing data, and a variety of CTP and TAU cut-off values were used to identify regions of interest. The region correspondences were determined from one time frame to another which yielded the storm center coordinates. The obtained tracks were compared to the storm tracks computed from sea level pressure data by matching the results first in time and then in spatial distance.
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Speech and prosody-voice profiles for 15 male speakers with High-Functioning Autism (HFA) and 15 male speakers with Asperger syndrome (AS) were compared to one another and to profiles for 53 typically developing male speakers in the same 10- to 50-years age range. Compared to the typically developing speakers, significantly more participants in both the HFA and AS groups had residual articulation distortion errors, uncodable utterances due to discourse constraints, and utterances coded as inappropriate in the domains of phrasing, stress, and resonance. Speakers with AS were significantly more voluble than speakers with HFA, but otherwise there were few statistically significant differences between the two groups of speakers with pervasive developmental disorders. Discussion focuses on perceptual-motor and social sources of differences in the prosody-voice findings for individuals with Pervasive Developmental Disorders as compared with findings for typical speakers, including comment on the grammatical, pragmatic, and affective aspects of prosody.
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Numerous variables contribute to the ultimate recovery of communication skills following neurological damage. This report provides a review of the literature pertaining to prognostic indicators and chronicles the recovery of communication skills in a 48-year-old man who sustained a left intracerebral hemorrhage over a 29-month period.
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This article presents an introduction to psycholinguistic models of speech development. Two specific types of models are addressed: box-and-arrow models and connectionist or neural network models. We review some historical and some current models and discuss recent applications of such models to the management of speech impairment in children. We suggest that there are two ways in which a psycholinguistic approach can influence clinical practice: by directly supplementing a speech-language pathologist's repertoire of assessment and treatment approaches and by offering a new way to conceptualize speech impairment in children.
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Kv3.1, a voltage-dependent potassium channel, has two forms, -a and -b, which differ in expression during development and at the onset of function in the auditory system. To determine whether cochlear nerve input could affect the expression of these two forms, cultures of the developing cochlear nucleus were explanted in the absence of the cochlear nerve at the beginning of cell migration (Hamburger-Hamilton stage 28-30), while neuroblasts continued to migrate onto the culture substrate. After 8, 15, and 22 days in vitro (three survival groups), cultures were immunostained with antibodies recognizing either both forms of Kv3.1 or only the -b form. Only young and newly migrated nerve cells were sampled. In the three survival groups, all nerve cells expressed Kv3.1, among which only 50% or less expressed the -b form. Some of the more differentiated multipolar cells expressed the -b form, but most were labeled with the antibody that recognizes both forms. Thus, in the absence of peripheral input, both forms of Kv3.1 appear at stages very early in development, although not all cells necessarily coexpress both forms. These results agree with other observations in the chick embryo in situ. They are consistent with previous work implicating Kv3.1 in cell migration during early development.
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Information on the number of carnivore taxa that were involved with archaeological bone assemblages is pertinent to questions of site formation, hominid and carnivore competition for carcasses and the sequence of hominid and carnivore activity at sites. A majority of early archaeological bone assemblages bear evidence that both hominids and carnivores removed flesh and/or marrow from the bones. Whether flesh specialists (felids) or bone-crunchers (hyaenas), or both, fed upon the carcasses is crucial for deciphering the timing of hominid involvement with the assemblages. Here we present an initial attempt to differentiate the tooth mark signature inflicted on bones by a single carnivore species versus multiple carnivore taxa. Quantitative data on carnivore tooth pits, those resembling a tooth crown or a cusp, are presented for two characteristics: the area of the marks in millimetres, and the shape as determined by the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the mark. Tooth pits from bones modified by extant East African carnivores and latex impressions of tooth pits from extinct carnivore species are compared to those in the FLK Zinjanthropus bone assemblage. Data on tooth mark shape indicate greater variability in the Zinj sample than is exhibited by any individual extant or extinct carnivore species in the comparative sample. Data on tooth mark area demonstrate that bone density is related to the size of marks. Taken together, these data support the inference that felids defleshed bones in the Zinj assemblage and that hyaenas had final access to any grease or tissues that remained. © 2001 Academic Press.
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