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To increase patrons’ ability to find resources, it is imperative to investigate barriers and biases in thedescriptive catalog data for inclusive collection management and development standards. This studyused a specially designed descriptive approach to gather quantitative data from 101 public librariansin Connecticut via a Qualtrics survey to identify the key variables that influence the successfulenhancement of online public access catalog (OPAC) metadata after a diversity audit of the librarymaterials. The results revealed factors that promote or impede the integration of inclusive catalogingthat reflects the diversity of the community: (1) appreciating the benefits of audit methods that arefocused on bibliographic records, (2) recognizing the need for buy-in and participation from theentire organization, and (3) stressing the useful integration of institutional and community feedbackto improve the collection’s accessibility and representation. The findings provide practical adviceto public libraries that want to satisfy the diverse demands of their user base by integrating criticalcataloging frameworks into their diversity and inclusion objectives.

Supercapacitors are considered some of the best electrochemical energy storage systems due to their high power and energy density, fast charge–discharge capabilities, and longer cycleability, compared to regular capacitors. In this paper, we report the synthesis of hybrid MnO2/CuS/reduced graphene oxide (MC-rGO) materials via a simple chemical route and characterized them to examine different properties. The focus of this article is to examine the effect of binder concentrations on the electrochemical properties of the supercapacitor electrodes, prepared using the synthesized hybrid materials. We used 5%, 10%, and 15% (wt.%) polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binders to prepare the electrodes. We prepared the slurry of MC-rGO material using synthesized cathode materials, carbon black, and PVDF in 75:10:15, 80:10:10, and 85:10:5 wt.%. The specific capacitance with 5%, 10%, and 15% binders was found to be 176.33 F/g, 161.34 F/g, and 149.55 F/g, respectively, at 0.5 A/g current density. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

Entering a counselor education program is just the first step in becoming a Professional Counselor, which includes developing a solid Professional Counselor identity and a plan for a fulfilling career. In this chapter, the authors provide a step-by-step plan for understanding key elements of becoming a Professional Counselor, beginning to work as a Professional Counselor, and contributing to the counseling profession. These activities include professional involvement, service, and scholarship as well as other meaningful pursuits for building one's successful career. The authors present a professional involvement pyramid to illustrate how Counselors can engage in professional identity development from graduate school throughout their careers. © Oxford University Press 2025. All rights reserved.

The appearance of “large cutting tools” in the early Acheulean is widely regarded as the first evidence for the imposition of intended forms on artifacts, with major implications for hominin cognitive and cultural capacities. However, the nature and extent of explicit design documented by these forms remains open to debate. To address this issue, we analyzed the complete collection of early Acheulean (ca. 1.7–1.2 Ma) flaked pieces from four sites (BSN17, DAN5, OGS12, and OGS5) in the Gona Project Area and compared these with all of the flaked pieces from two published Oldowan (> 2.5 Ma) sites at Gona. By comparing shape variation to measures of flaking intensity and coverage, we sought to identify technological patterns indicative of intent. Current results provide little evidence for the presence of discrete tool types or imposed morphological norms in our sample. We do, however, observe systematic patterns of raw material selection and core surface modification aimed at the production and maintenance of useful cutting edges on relatively large supports (cobbles and large flake blanks). This is consistent with prior characterizations of Acheulean tool form as arising from functional and ergonomic design imperatives for large hand-held cutting tools. Although the generalizability of these results to other sites remains to be seen, we propose that distinctive early Acheulean artifact forms may have arisen as secondary accommodations to the primary goal of increasing tool size to meet the novel demands (e.g., extended use-life, enhanced transportability, utility for heavy-duty cutting) of a more general shift in hominin behavioral ecology at this time. Our results provide support for the presence of Acheulean design at Gona, not necessarily in the sense of shared morphological norms, but certainly in the broader sense of deliberate technological choices made in view of behavioral goals and material constraints. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

In the spring of 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the remote delivery of health and human services, few social workers were prepared to facilitate online groups. Research on virtual group work was limited, and the IASWG Standards for Social Work Practice with Groups offered minimal guidance for online practice. Charles Garvin encouraged the International Association for Social Work with Groups (IASWG) to enhance the Standards with “online considerations” that would support effective group work in virtual environments. Serving as a mentor and active member of the Task Force on Online Considerations, Charles Garvin inspired a systematic, collaborative, and internationally inclusive process that exemplified principles of socially just research. This paper describes the research and development of the online considerations and the limitations and possibilities of defining international guidelines for social work with groups. © 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Purpose: To explore associations between adolescent’s concern for their body weight/shape/size and engagement in unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCBs). Design: Secondary data analysis. Setting: 2022 National Survey of Children’s Health. Subjects: Analyses included 23 357 (51.8% male) adolescents, ages 10-17 years (mean 13.8 ± 2.3 years). Measures: Reported concern for body weight/shape/size, and UWCBs including skipping meals/ fasting; low interest in food; picky eating; binge eating, purging; diet pills; and over-exercising. Analysis: Logistic regression models assessed the odds of engaging in UWCBs by reported concern for body weight/shape/size. Results: Engagement in UCWBs was low with 21.1% reporting picky eating, 13.5% fasting, 11.7% low interest in food, 5.3% binge eating, and <2% purging, over-exercising, or using diet pills. Compared to adolescents who were not at all concerned about their body weight/shape/size, adolescents who were somewhat or very much concerned had significantly higher odds (P’s < 0.05) of engaging in all UCWB outcomes except for using diet pills or laxatives, which was only significant for adolescents who reported being very concerned (OR = 12.74; CI: [19.16, 36.94]). Further, after stratification by gender and age, there was a significant p-for trend (P’s < 0.05), in engagement in UWCBs by concern for body weight/shape/size except for using diet pills or laxatives in 10-11- and 12-14-year-olds. Conclusion: Expressing concern for body weight/image/size is associated with an increased likelihood of engaging in UCWB in adolescents, regardless of gender or stage of adolescence. © The Author(s) 2025

The widespread integration of technology into children’s lives poses significant challenges for parents aiming to promote healthy technology use. This systematic review synthesized findings from twelve studies to explore effective parenting strategies and interventions. Results indicate that authoritative parenting, characterized by high responsiveness and control, and active mediation, involving open communication and collaborative rule-setting, are most effective in managing children’s technology use. Parental digital literacy emerged as a crucial factor in successfully implementing these strategies. Interventions like the “Game Over” and “Movie Models” programs showed potential but require further refinement. The review underscores the importance of co-using technology with children, modeling healthy technology habits, and employing available tools for monitoring and limiting screen time. Future research should focus on developing standardized diagnostic criteria for problematic technology use, empirically tracking screen time, and exploring the role of schools in promoting healthy technology use. Consistent definitions and comprehensive strategies are essential for addressing the evolving digital landscape. © 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

For decades, adapted physical education advocates have passionately engaged in a debate over two adjectives: adapted vs. adaptive. This article explores the reasons why one is preferred over the other and why it matters, especially to students with disabilities. © 2025 SHAPE America.

Traditional brain tumor diagnosis and classification are time-consuming and heavily reliant on radiologist expertise. The ever-growing patient population generates vast data, rendering existing methods expensive and inefficient. Deep Learning (DL) is a promising approach for developing automated systems to diagnose or segment brain tumors with high accuracy in less time. Within Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are potent tools for image classification tasks. This is achieved through a series of specialized layers, including convolution layers that identify patterns within images, pooling layers that summarize these patterns, fully connected layers that ultimately classify the image, and a feedforward layer to produce the output class. This study employed a CNN to classify brain tumors in T1-weighted contrast-enhanced images with various image resolutions, including 30×30, 50×50, 70×70, 100×100, and 150×150 pixels. The model successfully distinguished between three tumor types: glioma, meningioma, and pituitary. The CNN's impressive accuracy on training data reached up to 86.38% for image resolution (30×30) and 94.64% for higher resolution (150×150). This indicates its potential as a valuable tool in real-world brain tumor classification tasks. © 2025 IEEE.

The λ-fold complete 3-uniform hypergraph on v vertices has the edge multiset consisting of λ copies of each 3-element subset of its vertex set. A tight 6-cycle, denoted TC6, is a hypergraph with vertex set {a,b,c,d,e,f} and edge set {{a,b,c},{b,c,d},{c,d,e},{d,e,f},{e,f,a},{f,a,b}}. We give necessary and sufficient conditions on v for the existence of a TC6-decomposition of the λ-fold complete 3-uniform hypergraph on v vertices for any positive integer λ. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

Managers often need to stay motivated and effectively motivate others. Therefore, they should rely on evidence-based interventions to effectively motivate and self-motivate. This research investigated how self-determination theory-based interventions affect employees’ motivation dynamics and motivational consequences within short time frames (i.e., within an hour, within a few weeks or months) in two empirical studies. Study one focused on assessing the effectiveness of a one-day training workshop in helping to improve managers’ work motivation, basic psychological needs satisfaction/frustration, subordinates’ motivation, and perceptions of managers’ needs-supportive/thwarting behaviors within a few weeks. Results support the effectiveness of the training, as managers were rated by their direct subordinates as having fewer needs-thwarting behaviors and reported self-improvement in needs satisfaction and frustration six weeks after completing the training program. Study two used the mean and covariance structure analysis and tested the impact of three types of basic psychological needs-supportive/thwarting and control conditions (3 × 2 × 1 factorial design) on participants’ situational motivation, vitality, and general self-efficacy for playing online word games within 30 min. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the scalar measurement invariance, then latent group mean comparison results show consistently lower controlled motivation across the experimental conditions. During a quick online working scenario, the theory-based momentary intervention effectively changed situational extrinsic self-regulation in participants. Supplementary structural equation modeling (SEM; cross-sectional) analyses using experience samples supported the indirect dual-path model from basic needs satisfaction to vitality and general efficacy via situational motivation. We discussed the theoretical implications of the temporal properties of work motivation, the practical implications for employee training, and the limitations. © 2025 by the authors.

The effectiveness of inclusion of students with disabilities in regular classrooms depends on many factors, among which, the teachers’ attitudes and competences play a key role. They are shaped in teaching practice and through socio-cultural experiences. To date, numerous studies have shown the importance of cross-cultural comparisons. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and the attitudes towards including students with mild and moderate disabilities in mainstream education in teachers from Poland (n = 279) and India (n = 210). The differences found between the groups in the area of ⁣⁣sociodemographic variables and experiences in working with students with disabilities were the basis for including these variables in the analyses. Data were collected using the Attitudes Towards Teaching All Students Scale and Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale. The analysis allowed us to determine relationships between self-efficacy and attitudes towards integration of students with mild and moderate disabilities both in the group of Polish and Indian teachers. Generally, the obtained trends confirmed that higher teachers’ self-efficacy was associated with more favourable attitudes towards the inclusion of students with disabilities, but only in Indian group. The contribution of the variables of seniority, professional preparation and gender of the respondents was indicated. © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Practical wisdom is the intellectual virtue relating to the ability to fix ends and discern in a concrete circumstance how to achieve those ends. It is cultivated through engagement with experience rather than book learning. However, a whole matrix of convergent technologies, such as headsets, haptic suits, AI-driven chatbots, and extended realities, such as augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR), creates new conditions for training practical wisdom. How can moral educators facilitate practical wisdom in this extended reality (XR)? Drawing on Nussbaum’s account of phronesis, we contend the job of moral education in XR is mostly about ensuring students’ critical engagement. We suggest AI assistants can contribute to this task, so long as these technologies and the people using them manifest Socratic humility ensuring that no single interaction serves as an ‘oracle of truth’, leaving critical thinking and judgment firmly in the hands of the student.

PurposeTo identify contributing factors to mental health symptoms and suicidality among sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth identified by quantitative research.MethodA scoping review was conducted, guided by the methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley. Ten articles met inclusion criteria after a comprehensive search was performed across four databases.ResultsCommon factors identified as being associated with poor mental health outcomes and increased suicidality among SGM youth were environmental influences and minority stress. Factors were interrelated and often found to be associated with worsening anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation.ConclusionFindings can be used to enhance the knowledge and training of nursing professionals to improve their understanding of the naturalistic course of poor mental health outcomes and suicidality in SGM youth. Future research should focus on screening tools and clinical interventions for SGM youth in need of mental health services. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 63(7), 12–17.]

Sexual minority women (SMW) are a resilient yet vulnerable population who may experience poor psychosocial outcomes due to minority stress associated with their marginalized status and traumatic experiences resulting from interpersonal and structural violence. When SMW are incarcerated, the trauma of this experience can exacerbate existing mental health challenges. Self-concept is a key measure of mental health that is associated with increased self-efficacy and positive psychosocial outcomes. This analysis explores the ways in which incarceration impacts the self-concept of SMW. Secondary data analysis of three qualitative interviews with formerly incarcerated SMW was conducted. Specifically, Gilligan’s Listening Guide was used to create “I poems” that articulate the participants’ narratives and contrapuntal voices. These poems were then analyzed to build knowledge about participants’ self-concept. This analysis informs our understandings of self-concept among SMW, violence against women, the vulnerability of binary constructs, and the ways in which people negotiate past, present and future selves. The findings can inform interventions that seek to mitigate the psychosocial risks faced by SMW and formerly incarcerated people and improve outcomes for these populations.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore how students of different generations perceived presence and caring behaviors by faculty in online Registered Nurse to Bachelor of Science in Nursing programs. Results showed that millennials reported statistically significant higher perceptions of social presence when compared with nonmillennials. Although generation was not a predictor of caring, all presence subscales were positively and significantly correlated with the total caring score. Teaching presence was a significant predictor of students' perceptions of caring in online courses.

Metaheuristic methods have demonstrated their utility in tackling global optimization problems with and without constraints. However, existing...

Background: Numerous barriers to moderate to vigorous physical activity exist for youths with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The virtual exercise games for youth with T1D (ExerT1D) intervention implement synchronous support of moderate to vigorous physical activity including T1D peers and role models. Objective: This study aims to understand the acceptability of this intervention to participants. Methods: We conducted postprogram, semistructured, televideo interviews with participating youths to elicit perspectives on the acceptability of the intervention and experience with the program. Two coders independently reviewed and analyzed each transcript using a coding scheme developed inductively by senior researchers. Discrepancies were resolved by team discussion, and multiple codes were grouped together to produce 4 main thematic areas. Results: All 15 participants provided interviews (aged 14-19 years; 2 nonbinary, 6 females; median hemoglobin A1c level of 7.8% (IQR 7.4%-11.2%), 5 with a hemoglobin A1c level of ≥10%). Qualitative data revealed four themes: (1) motivation to engage in physical activity (PA)—improving their physical capabilities and stabilizing glucose levels were cited as motivation for PA and challenges of living with T1D were cited as PA barriers; (2) experience with and motivation to manage diabetes while engaging in PA—participants provided details of accommodating the inherent uncertainty or limitations of PA with diabetes and sometimes preparing for PA involved psychological and motivational adjustments while some relayed feelings of avoidance; (3) peer support encouraged engagement with the intervention—participants appreciated the peer aspects of components of ExerT1D and participants’ reflections of the facilitated group experience highlight many benefits of a small-group virtual program; and (4) improvements in PA and diabetes self-management efficacy—all participants credited the program with improving or at least raising awareness of T1D management skills. Conclusions: Our virtual PA intervention using an active video game and discussion component provided adolescents with T1D the confidence and peer support to engage in PA, improved awareness of diabetes-specific tasks to prepare for exercise, and improved understanding of the effect of PA on glucose levels. Engaging youths with a virtual video game intervention is a viable approach to overcome barriers to PA for adolescents with T1D. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05163912; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05163912

Objective To examine the association between the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) participation during pregnancy and birth weight by race and ethnicity on a national level. Design Retrospective cohort of US natality from 2014 to 2022. Setting All US states and Washington, DC. Participants First-time mothers of a live singleton birth covered by Medicaid with available data on WIC participation and birth weight. Exposure WIC participation during pregnancy (yes/no) Main Outcome Measure Low (< 2,500 g) and very low (< 1,500 g) birth weight. Analysis Multivariable logistic regression Results A total of 3,778,400 mothers covered by Medicaid were included in this analysis, of which 69.6% were WIC participants during pregnancy. The association between WIC participation and birth weight outcomes differed by race and ethnicity. After adjusting, WIC participants during pregnancy were 25%, 20%, 17%, and 10% less likely to give birth to low-weight infants compared with non-WIC participants for Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders, Black, American Indian or Alaskan Native, and White, respectively. Conclusion and Implications Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children participation during pregnancy was associated with reduced low birth weight in all races and ethnicities. Improving WIC access and participation during pregnancy may support health equity in birth weight outcomes.

Intensity interferometry, also known as the Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect, has seen significant interest in astronomy in recent years. The method involves recording timing correlations between photons received at two or more telescopes in order to derive extremely high spatial resolution information about an astronomical object, potentially including imaging stellar surfaces and other objects at unprecedented scales. This paper will briefly review the technique, discuss the performance characteristics of the of photon counters used in modern intensity interferometers, and describe opportunities for the future. As an example of photon counting with a working instrument, observing experiences with the Southern Connecticut Stellar Interferometer (SCSI), a three-station instrument using single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectors, will be described. The recent lessons learned with this and other instruments in use today give a clear picture of the next steps needed to upgrade efficiency and successfully observe fainter objects. If successful, these improvements would provide a strong argument for creating situations where intensity interferometers can have baselines of one to several kilometers, which would unlock the spatial detail needed to address several exciting astrophysical questions.