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Sexual violence within the armed forces became public knowledge as a result of the 1991 Tailhook scandal. Since that time the widespread prevalence of sexual harassment and sexual assault within the United States military has continued to plague both male and female soldiers. This entry briefly highlights the incidence of sexual violence within the armed forces with a focus on the legal outcomes of several highly publicized cases as involving violence toward US soldiers.
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Introduction. This study examines how Australian academic librarians perceive techniques for promoting services and resources, and the factors affecting the perceptions regarding effectiveness of techniques used. Method. Data were collected from an online survey that was sent to 400 academic librarians in thirty-seven Australian universities. The response rate was 57.5%. Analysis. The qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. The collected quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (ordinal regressions). Results. Librarians used a variety of techniques to promote services and resources. Demographic variables, human capital variables and library variables were significant predictors of perceptions of the effective promotion techniques used. However, this study indicates that other independent variables such as number of different library professional positions and years involved in all library services made no difference. Conclusions. This study provides a better understanding of academic librarians' attitudes and views towards techniques for promoting services and resources. Librarians may use the results to reflect on the effectiveness of these techniques, to balance the weight of the factors' influences and to better understand various promotion techniques. This will enable them to promote library services and resources more effectively in the future.
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Neoliberal globalization and politics are reshaping the landscape in the United States and other countries; consequently, broader and more critical perspectives about education, community, and the arts are becoming increasingly more important. In the field of education, critical pedagogy has become a philosophy to expose, critique, and challenge neoliberal free market capitalism. Critical pedagogy becomes the link between local and global perspectives that reveals conditions of social and cultural injustices. Through socially engaged art education and service-learning initiatives, the authors have been engaging their students to become actively engaged citizens. This chapter offers a qualitative critique of the authors' own pedagogical practices through the convergence of critical pedagogy and arts-based service-learning by applying, adapting, and revising existing models of critical pedagogy such as Cipolle's (2010) “four elements of critical consciousness development” (p. 40) and Shor's (1992) methods for implementing critical pedagogy.
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Aging bodies stigmatize women. The effects of stigma, health issues, goal disappointment, and a combination of age and minority group status, overwhelm older women's coping strategies, leading to maladaptive behaviors. General strain theory posits a relationship between negative stimuli and deviant behavior. Advancing age and age-related stigma reflect this strain. This study explores the relationship between strain and substance abuse or dependence, comparing subsamples of middle age (35- to 49-year-old women) and older middle age (50- to 64-year-old) women. Data suggest that minority age status coupled with acute or mental health issues increase substance abuse or dependence by older women.
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Discussions of public sexual spaces in the social science literature have, until recently, been dominated by analyses of men's use of these spaces for erotic expression. In the late 1990s, feminist collectives began to explore the emancipatory potentials these spaces can have for lesbian sexualities. After a police raid on one such event called the "Pussy Palace," scholars in diverse disciplines began to explore how these events have both opened up and restricted erotic possibilities for lesbians, queer women, and trans* attendees. This article reviews the existing social science literature on lesbian and queer bathhouse events and highlights several key themes and subthemes that have dominated the discourse, including the importance that these spaces be recognized for their ability to both shape and be shaped by principles of community, safety, and sexual health/wellness.
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You will not see Robert Patterson's name mentioned in many mathematics books. While his mathematical works survive, his name is more likely to appear in American history books dealing with the Colonial period, given his associations with the most influential men of that time. In this article, we will examine his mathematical work, as well as his contributions to a newly-formed nation. Most of what we know about Robert Patterson's ancestors and life is due to his grandson, William Ewing DuBois, who wrote a family history in 1847. For other information, I have drawn upon diaries and a great many letters. All spelling and syntax are copied exactly as they appear. © 2015 British Society for the History of Mathematics.
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Previous research has explored the affiliation and distancing strategies employed in published memoirs of gender transition. In this article, we are particularly interested in elucidating the ways in which individuals construct identities and characterize their sexualities, and how sociohistorical constraints might influence what is expressed with respect to this in personal narratives of transition. Using the memoirs of Lili Elbe (Hoyer, 1933) and Joy Ladin (2013) as conceptual brackets, this article investigates the complex relationship between the development and articulation of trans* identities and lesbian sexualities within the context of published memoirs of gender transition.
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Corporate investment inherently relies on time horizon, as profits result from acquiring assets or developing capabilities that yield future benefits that exceed upfront costs. Despite the importance of time horizon to understanding resource allocation, knowledge about the subject has accumulated slowly. Our review therefore encompasses insights from several research streams that partially address the subject even though time horizon is not the central construct in any of them. We aim to clarify key constructs related to time horizon, organize prior research about the antecedents of time horizon, explain the implications of several theoretical traditions for time horizon, and detail the range of measures that have been used to capture time horizon empirically. By focusing narrowly on this topic but searching broadly for references, we provide integrative summaries of existing research and identify opportunities for new and unique research.
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