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Tacit knowledge is more precious as compared to explicit, as it is the intellectual property of the knower and resides in one’s mind. A major part of our knowledge is tacit, which is either lost or not recorded/ captured. In the late 1950s, the term “tacit knowledge” appeared in the literature and received the attention of the researchers. However, a majority of the studies pertaining to tacit knowledge (TK) have primarily focused on non-educational contexts, despite the fact that pragmatic knowledge holds paramount importance within academic settings. This study is designed to examine the tacit knowledge process from capturing to sharing in an academic setting. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey research method was adopted to conduct this research, and data was collected through a well-structured questionnaire. Postgraduate students at the University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, were the study population. The findings revealed that cognitive skills enable and motivate individuals to capture tacit knowledge, and the positive capturing behavior leads to better handling and more sharing of tacit knowledge, whereas technical skills enable them to better handle tacit knowledge, which ultimately leads to wise utilization of tacit knowledge, and social skills help them in capturing, keeping, and use of tacit knowledge. The study argues that tacit knowledge flow is depending on a certain set of skills and behavior. The findings of the study will be supportive of higher academic institutions as they are the powerhouse of knowledge creation. © This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2024.

Academic dishonesty of students is a problem that threatens the integrity of educational institutions. Understanding the sources of academic dishonesty has become an urgent need, which compels higher educational institutions to evaluate and redesign approaches to address this problem. To develop new and important insights about this this form of student misconduct, this paper takes an integrative social cognitive perspective. It explores students’ attitudes toward various forms of academic dishonesty. The central research question concerns the impact of individual differences in moral disengagement and Machiavellianism on academic dishonesty tendencies. The study is based on a sample of 195 students at a public university in northeastern United States. Analysis was conducted by partial least squares equation modeling (SmartPLS-SEM). The analysis disclosed that, in sum, moral disengagement was strongly associated with academic dishonesty attitudes of fabricating information and both moral disengagement and Machiavellianism were associated with obtaining unfair academic dishonesty advantages. Data supported nearly all aspects of a structural model of academic dishonesty tendencies, with the exception of an association between Machiavellianism and receiving or abetting academic dishonesty, as well as an association between moral disengagement and ignoring prevalent practices that were in the predicted direction but were not significant. These findings provide a general understanding of the process by which academic dishonesty is determined. Study implications for ameliorating the impact of academic dishonesty are as follows: students should be engaged in an atmosphere full of communal morality, dissuasive of justificatory rationalizations and social arrangements that negate students’ use of moral disengagement.

The purpose of this research is to explore the decision processes that underlie the gender gap in entrepreneurial investments. The present research explores how gender congruence with a sex-typed business opportunity influences anticipated reactions from others who may provide or withhold support and resources, how these affect the assessed probability of venture success and the amount the entrepreneur is willing to invest (WTI) in the opportunity.,A theoretical model is presented and empirically tested via path analysis. A pilot and an experimental study model explore how gender congruence influences entrepreneurial investment decisions. The experimental study uses a repeated measures design examining the experimental effects two sex-typed business opportunities crossed with participant gender (gender congruence) on anticipated others’ reactions, assessed probability of venture success and investment amount (WTI).,Gender congruence of a business opportunity influences anticipated others’ reactions, whether they will be supportive or not, of pursuing the opportunity. This in turn influences the estimated probability of success of the venture and the amount the prospective entrepreneur is willing to invest in it. These socio-cognitive decision processes reinforce the gender gap in entrepreneurship since participants anticipate less access to others’ support for gender incongruent opportunities. Although the mediational model indicates most proposed relationships and paths are invariant across genders, the exception was that women did not report higher WTI for the gender congruent venture.,The research applies the latest thinking in social psychology on gender norm violations to entrepreneurship, measuring how anticipated reactions from others are a factor in predicting estimates of venture success probability and self-investments.

Research has shown that bilingual individuals might encode autobiographical memories in either their first language (L1) or their second language (L2), depending on the language spoken at the time of the event. Although language mixing is a common occurrence among multilingual speakers, previous studies have largely overlooked mixed memories – those encoded in both L1 and L2. The current study aims to bridge this research gap by analyzing a corpus of 1,297 memories (636 L1 memories, 357 L2 memories, and 305 mixed memories), with a particular focus on memory phenomenology, including factors such as vividness, emotional arousal, and personal significance. The statistical analysis revealed that mixed memories exhibited higher levels of emotional arousal and personal significance compared to memories encoded exclusively in L1 or L2. These findings underscore the unique status of mixed memories in the bilingual mind and emphasize the importance of adopting a heteroglossic approach to the study of bilingual autobiographical memory.

This paper examines the characteristics of banks and their lending behavior in relation to Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans and commercial and industrial (C&I) loans to small businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings show that lenders facing greater risk tended to lend more PPP loans, consistent with the risk-aversion theory. Specifically, banks with a higher loan–deposit ratio, lower overall profitability, poorer loan quality, and higher exposure to risks in business (C&I) loans are characterized by higher PPP loans. C&I loans to all businesses are negatively related to the loan–deposit ratio and loan loss allowance ratio, but are positively linked with the capital ratio. However, we find important differences in C&I lending to small businesses versus large businesses. Furthermore, there is evidence regarding the success of targeting PPP loans towards more productive sectors of the US economy. Using FDIC-defined banks’ lending specializations, we show that banks focused on international lending had a limited role in PPP lending.

The exponential growth of big data, driven by AI and machine learning technologies, underscores the need for an ethical and sustainable approach to data utilization. Using problematization methodology, we consider the assumptions underpinning Big Data and AI and reconsider them from a sensemaking perspective. Big data represents an enactment rather than an objective reality, and organizations play an active role in its adoption and use. Strategizing is driven by plausibility rather than accuracy, and big data generates a retrospection of the past rather than a prediction of the future. A sensemaking perspective serves as reality check for managers, emphasizing the necessity of long-term sustainability and societal well-being. By cultivating experiments for learning communities and incubating innovation, organizations can effectively leverage big data in marketing, fostering transparent, collaborative, ethical, and sustainable data practices. © 2025 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.

Introduction:Though the National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice has named underrepresented minorities (URM) as key demographics in addressing the nursing shortage, this group faces significant barriers to entry into nursing practice. In the academic year 2023–2024, URM students represented nearly 46.7% of students enrolled in entry-level baccalaureate nursing programs. Although this represents an increase in URM nursing presence, more work is needed to mirror the demographics of the U.S. patient population. Connecting URM communities with local academic institutions allows a clear path to the nursing profession. Methods: An educational program tailored to the URM student was designed to address URM barriers in access to college and offered networking with local communities and hospitals. Results: Results are suggestive of definite knowledge acquisition given a robust statistical significance in nearly all categories measured; students found the topics helpful in both preparing for college and increasing their interest in the nursing profession. Conclusion: A comprehensive educational program designed to attract high school students from URM/disadvantaged backgrounds could assist in promoting successful academic outcomes. Future studies may consider a larger sample size and multi-university settings.

Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is a unique vertebrate model to examine how liver metabolomes support different reproductive functions. Juvenile sea lamprey prey on other fish species by attaching to their body and feeding on their blood and body fluids. Once reaching adulthood, they cease feeding, migrate to spawning streams and begin their final sexual maturation. During these processes, the male livers produce large quantities of bile acid pheromone precursors to be modified and released via gills, whereas the female livers synthesize vast amounts of vitellogenin (yolk lipophosphoprotein) to be transported to the ovary.

This study aims to discover the perceived awareness, benefits and suitable strategies of the Pakistani editors of Higher Education Commission (HEC)-recognized scholarly journals regarding open-access (OA) journal publishing in Pakistan.,A structured questionnaire-based survey method of quantitative research approach was adopted to achieve the study’s objectives by collecting data from the editors of 329 HEC-recognized journals in Pakistan.,The awareness level of the respondents of the Pakistani journals is low regarding the OA concepts, resources and initiatives. The respondents of OA journals have better awareness levels than the respondents of non-OA journals. All the respondents of journals are convinced and have the view that OA journals have wider benefits for the academic community, and they need to flourish. A majority of the respondents are of the view that HEC should sponsor financial resources and technical training for OA journal publishing. The respondents of OA journals are more in favor of supporting OA journal publishing than the respondents of non-OA journals.,This study covered the lists of HEC-recognized journals of 2019. More studies may be conducted based on updated lists of HEC-recognized journals by using different research paradigms such as qualitative or pragmatic research approaches.,To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive study on this phenomenon and is an effort to fill this gap and invigorate the scholarly literature. It may attract the attention of the policymakers, funding bodies, parent institutions of the journals and the HEC to cope with the low awareness level of the Pakistani editors regarding the OA concepts, resources and initiatives; and suitable strategies required to uplift the OA journal publishing paradigm in Pakistan.

Nearly a century of road salt use in the snowbelt region of North America has led to substantial increases in salinity levels in freshwater habitats. Salt pollution in lakes and rivers is well characterized. Lacking are broad insights for seasonal ponds. As critical habitats for many endemic species, these small and often poorly flushed surface waters are especially vulnerable to accumulating high levels of salts and other pollutants. Here, we measured salinity in 165 seasonal ponds, characterizing salt pollution patterns across space, through time, and over depth within ponds. We found that 70% of ponds within 37 m of a road contained salinity levels exceeding Canadian federal guidelines. 54% of ponds within 25 m exceeded less conservative US federal guidelines. Within ponds, the water column was stratified due to the combined density effects of salt and temperature. Bottom waters of polluted ponds were about 57% saltier than near-surface waters, though many were much saltier than this. Compared to lakes and rivers, far more seasonal ponds appear to be compromised by deicing salt, and overall, the concentration of salt appears to be substantially higher. Among aquatic habitats, seasonal ponds are experiencing the most severe impacts of freshwater salinization, with consequent impacts on sensitive aquatic organisms.

Objective: We aim to determine the association between insomnia symptoms and mental health in females and males and compare mental health care utilization and perceived barriers between females and males with insomnia symptoms. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using the National Health Interview Survey. Insomnia symptoms included self-reported “trouble falling asleep”, ‘trouble staying asleep”, and “waking up feeling not well rested”. Mental health included self-reported anxiety and depression. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between insomnia symptoms and mental health in females and males. Results: A total of 26,691 adults were included. The mean age was 48.2 years; 51.4% were females, and 48.6% were males. Insomnia symptoms were associated with anxiety and depression for both females and males. These associations were stronger in younger adults (<50 years) than older adults (≥50 years). Females with insomnia symptoms were more likely to receive mental health care (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.53, 1.87) but also to delay mental health care because of its cost (OR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.67, 2.30) or needed mental health care but did not get it because of the cost (OR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.82, 2.50) than their males counterpart. Conclusions: Insomnia symptoms were associated with mental health in females and males, being stronger in younger adults than older adults, with gender differences in mental health care utilization and financial barriers to mental health care. Holistic approaches involving prevention and better access to mental health care are warranted.

This pathbreaking book brings to bear a sweeping body of contemporary intersectional feminist work to disrupt the entire discipline of criminology. Women have been largely absent from criminological theory, research, policy, and practice. This fresh, conversational book critiques the field's dominant theories by analyzing gendered patterns of perpetration and victimization and challenging traditional criminological perspectives on characteristics such as race and queerness. Designed as a rebuttal to conventional criminology textbooks, the book mirrors standard course content through an intersectional feminist lens, offering students a valuable opportunity to question the field's underpinnings and forge a new path to understanding the true meaning of justice.   Organized in fourteen chapters, each chapter includes accessible learning aids for students: A review of how traditional criminology textbooks cover the topic Critical perspectives on the topic Critical thinking breaks Intersectional Feminist Criminology is a timely intervention and companion to the curriculum that helps to imagine a new world and ultimately lays out a clear abolitionist vision as an alternative to the American criminal legal system.

The practice of racial stacking continues to play a significant role in the National Football League (NFL or the League). This paper explores the effects of racial stacking on NFL hiring practices by enumerating examples of the selection of football players and how it fosters a disadvantageous environment for Blacks who desire to become head coaches and leaders of sport franchises. With data analysis that showcases hiring practices that affect Black and Brown head coaches and front-office personnel, the paper traces the hiring of Black presidents, general managers, and head coaches while critically assessing indicators of color blindness within the pipeline to NFL leadership positions. We contend that channeling athletes to specific playing positions on a team adversely affects their chances of advancing to leadership roles as coaches and team executives.

Students identified with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) often display a variety of challenging behaviors that can significantly affect both their learning and the dynamics of the student–teacher relationship. Addressing these challenges necessitates the development of authentic, meaningful connections between teachers and students, achieved through applying strategies designed to support student behavior and solidify a trusting relationship. This article introduces the TRUST mnemonic framework, a comprehensive, trauma-informed approach to help teachers build rapport, foster trust, engage, and support students with EBD. The framework encapsulates five principal strategies: transforming perceptions of challenging student behaviors, rapport-building, utilizing restorative practices, supplying choices, and teaming with student caregivers. Together, these strategies provide a structured model for fostering positive relationships and educational experiences while supporting student behavior, ultimately contributing to improved outcomes for students with EBD.

To gain a full perspective about English in Syria, it is necessary to focus on English learning in the past and present. The focus of the learning and teaching of the English language in Syria prior to 2011 consisted of various factors such as length of exposure to language, teacher preparation, qualifications, cross-linguistic transfer, and textbooks. The interruptions in schooling, brain drain, and depletion of resources were additional factors that influenced the learning and teaching of English in Syria in the post-2011 era. The entry concludes with a proposal that conscientious efforts are needed to enhance the teaching of English in Syria.

ObjectivesThis study has been designed to determine Pakistani editors’ perceptions regarding the Open Access (OA) publishing practices of the Higher Education Commission (HEC)-recognized journals in Pakistan, and to assess their best OA publishing models.MethodologyA structured questionnaire-based survey method of quantitative research approach was adopted to achieve the study’s objectives by collecting data from the editors of all 329 HEC-recognized journals in Pakistan.FindingsThis study exposed that public and teaching institutes are leading in OA journal publishing in Pakistan as compared to private and research institutes. Diamond OA, and Gold OA publishing models are popular among the respondents; however, respondents are not convinced to follow any specific OA publishing model due to their different choices. A large majority (92%) of the journals belong to the Y category (the lowest) of journals. A large majority (72%) of the journals in Pakistan is adopting the Open Journal System (OJS), and parent institutions installed web browsers. CC-BY-NC and CC-BY licenses are their favorite licenses.SignificanceThe present study is the first comprehensive study on editors’ perceptions for OA journal publishing and is an effort to fill this gap to invigorate the scholarly literature. This study may enable the journals, editors, and publishers to follow the best OA journal publishing practices of the Pakistani journals for global OA usage of scholarly journals. The results have practical and theoretical ramifications for academic and research institutions, federal and provincial higher education commissioners, policy organizations, and parent institutions of journals.

We investigate the viability of the capacitive swipe gesture as a biometric modality. While the regular swipe gesture and the capacitive image have been widely explored in biometric literature, the capacitive swipe gesture is fairly new in this line of research. To our knowledge, only one recent study has explored the capacitive swipe gesture, and demonstrated its promise. However, that study is limited by a number of factors, such as using a very small data set in the experiments, collecting data in a single session, allowing the same impostor in both training and testing phases of authentication models, etc. In our paper, we address all these limitations, and rigorously explore the capacitive swipe gesture by creating a new large data set. Additionally, we develop a new technique to preprocess capacitive swipe gesture data, and demonstrate its effectiveness by comparing with existing techniques. A large set of experiments with four machine learning classifiers and two swipe directions prove that the capacitive swipe gesture can be effectively used for user authentication in smartphones.

Nutrition units are a staple in many health education courses. While nutrition units can support the acquisition of critical functional knowledge and the development of important skills, there is also the potential for harm and the potential to perpetuate beliefs, ideas, and norms that can lead to disordered eating, the development of unhealthy relationships with food, or shaming of self and others (e.g., fat shaming). The purpose of this article is to outline several factors that may influence how health educators think about and teach nutrition, as well as practical strategies for creating inclusive, affirming, and health-promoting nutrition units.

Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) are the two main histology subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with 70% of total Lung Cancer. In this article we proposed an ensemble-based model for the identification of subtypes of NSCLC using methylation data. Proposed Random Forest-based model along with out of bag (OOB) error based feature selection technique identified the top ten most important CpG sites that are highly differentiator between LUSC and LUAD subtypes of NSCLC with an accuracy, precision and F1 Score of \(97\%\) . The proposed model outperformed the other existing models for the same purpose with huge margin of 12%. Pathway analysis of the proposed 10 CpG sites revealed different pathways for LUAD and LUSC associated genes, LUAD-associated genes primarily participated in TP53, PTEN, GLP-1, Incretin regulation, and apoptosis. Conversely, LUSC-associated genes were predominantly involved in pathways for platelet degranulation, serine biosynthesis, and Nephrin family interaction.

Retinal Detachment (RD) is one of the major problems with retinal disorder patients. Till to date there existing no confirmatory sign or marker on retina for the early detection of RD. Therefore, patients may have sudden RD at any time of their life. Moreover, it is completely dependent upon the subjective judgement of ophthalmologist to make the final diagnostic decision on RD. To support the decision making process for the ophthalmologist, in this article we proposed RDNet, a SqueezeNet architecture based deep learning model for the early detection of RD. We used publicly available dataset of 1017 images covering rhegmatogenous RD and control group. The proposed model built on this image set achieved 97.55% sensitivity, 99.26% specificity and 98.23% accuracy in detecting RD. The proposed model outperformed the existing models for the same purpose with the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.995. We believe our model will support the early detection of RD in clinical setup and assist the ophthalmologist in identifying RD at its early stage.