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Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. It is a serious disease caused by a disruption of blood flow in the brain resulting from either blockage of blood flow to the brain (ischemic stroke) or sudden bleeding in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). Stroke survivors experience more sleep disorders than the general population. Sleep disorders could also increase the risk of stroke even in individuals who have no history of stroke. Obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia are the most common sleep disorders associated with increased risk of stroke. Long sleep duration (≥9 h/day) and circadian rhythm changes have also been linked to an increased risk of stroke. This chapter summarizes the current evidence on the relationship between sleep disorders and stroke. © 2025 Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

We report measurements of ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S) and ϒ(3S) production in p + p collisions at √s = 500 GeV ffiffi by the STAR experiment in year 2011, corresponding to an integrated luminosity Lint = 13 pb−1. The results provide precise cross sections, transverse momentum (pT) and rapidity (y) spectra, as well as cross section ratios for pT < 10 GeV=c and |y| < 1. The dependence of the ϒ yield on charged particle multiplicity has also been measured, offering new insights into the mechanisms of quarkonium production. The data are compared to various theoretical models: the color evaporation model (CEM) accurately describes the ϒ(1S) production, while the color glass condensate + nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics (CGC + NRQCD) model overestimates the data, particularly at low pT. Conversely, the color singlet model (CSM) underestimates the rapidity dependence. These discrepancies highlight the need for further development in understanding the production dynamics of heavy quarkonia in high-energy hadronic collisions. The trend in the multiplicity dependence is consistent with CGC/saturation and string percolation models or ϒ production happening in multiple parton interactions modeled by PYTHIA8. © 2025 American Physical Society

The Restorative Masculine Integration Theory (RMIT) introduces a strengths-based, systems-oriented framework for promoting healthy masculinity through healing, leadership, and relational engagement. Developed in response to the adverse effects of masculine suppression, such as emotional disengagement, burnout, and polarity collapse, RMIT outlines a five-phase Cycle of Masculine Restoration: reclaimed masculinity, emotional safety and trust, grounded leadership, rebalanced gender polarity, and healing with cultural renewal. These stages are underpinned by core concepts including psychological safety, peer mentorship, emotional literacy, and authentic masculinity. Drawing from interdisciplinary foundations in gender studies, emotional intelligence, trauma-informed practice, polarity theory, and servant leadership, RMIT offers an adaptable framework for use across clinical, educational, organizational, and policy settings. Its alignment with the MANifest Health Theory further strengthens its applicability in men's health promotion. This manuscript elaborates the theory's conceptual development, visual model, and practical implications, while identifying future directions for empirical validation and inclusive application. RMIT advances a timely and restorative model for transforming masculine identity into a source of individual and collective resilience.

Nasopharyngoscopy is a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure that allows visual observation and analysis of the velopharyngeal mechanism during speech. It can be used to assess both anatomic and physiologic abnormalities of the velopharyngeal valve. In cases of suspected velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), nasopharyngoscopy is particularly useful in determining the size, location, and cause of the velopharyngeal opening. This information is very important for surgical planning. Nasopharyngoscopy is also useful in the assessment of secondary surgery that was done for VPI. It can help determine the need for revision and the type of revision surgery that is most likely to be successful. The purpose of the chapter is to explain how nasopharyngoscopy is used in the evaluation of velopharyngeal function. This chapter includes specific tips for achieving a successful examination in children as young as age 3. Finally, important observations from nasopharyngoscopy are described. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

As mobile technology becomes integral to everyday life, libraries rework their services to meet the needs of their users. Advancing library services for mobile users requires seamless, intuitive experiences that support research, learning, and engagement. From mobile-friendly catalogs and e-book pla...

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading global cause of death, making early detection essential. While coronary angiography is the diagnostic gold standard, its invasive nature poses risks, and non-invasive symptom-based methods often lack accuracy. Machine learning-powered computer-aided diagnostic systems can effectively address challenges in clinical decisionmaking. This work presents an Evolutionary Strategy-optimized Support Vector Machine (ES-SVM) model for classifying CHD based on non-invasive test results and patient characteristics. Using the Coronary Heart Disease dataset, the proposed ESSVM demonstrated significant precision and F1-scores, as well as the accuracy of the proposed model. The results indicate that SVM performance can be significantly enhanced through evolutionary hyperparameter tuning, resulting in a reliable, noninvasive diagnostic tool for initial CAD screening and supporting early intervention techniques. © 2025 IEEE.

ABSTRACT Phenotypic variation is common across life history and among populations occupying different environments, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying these axes of divergence remain poorly understood. Much work has focused on gene expression as a link between genetic variation, environmental variation, and phenotypes, but post‐transcriptional processes such as alternative splicing—which affect how transcripts are assembled rather than how much of a transcript is produced—are increasingly recognized as additional modulators of plasticity and adaptation. Here, we examined gene expression and alternative splicing together in the wood frog ( Rana sylvatica ), an amphibian with a complex life cycle whose populations differ across replicated gradients of road adjacency and associated pollution. We found extensive transcriptomic differences between hatchlings and adults, with thousands of genes differentially expressed or spliced. Individuals clustered strongly by population for both expression and splicing. Differences at the habitat level were less extensive, but revealed two differentially expressed genes ( HSP70 and Gpsm2 ) and one differentially spliced gene ( Cd82 ) that consistently distinguished roadside and woodland populations. Overall, genetic differentiation between populations was low, suggesting that phenotypic and transcriptomic differences likely emerge in the presence of gene flow and reflect plastic responses. Together, these results highlight transcriptomic plasticity as an important mechanism shaping variation across both development and population differentiation.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are the primary target for single-molecule anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics. Though AChE has historically been the focus of investigation for small-molecule inhibitors, interest in another cholinergic enzyme, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), has grown in recent years. Attention stems from BChE's role in β-amyloid (Aβ) protein aggregation and an increase in BChE concentration during the late stages of AD, where a decrease in AChE concentration is also observed. Currently, five FDA-approved drugs are on the market for inhibiting AChE, though no BChE-selective drugs have been approved so far. In this review, we focus on newly identified BChE selective inhibitors and present the ideas behind these discoveries.

Notwithstanding reports of increased awareness and use of Open Educational Resources (OER) in higher education, the literature notes that awareness and use of and institutional support for OER remain major challenges to campuses seeking to reduce student cost burden and support access to materials. OER also support faculty who desire to move beyond the traditional textbooks in order to increase their students’ engagement and thereby access to learning, to support pedagogical changes they are making that enhance student learning, and to give faculty greater control over their courses. The university website, as a public-facing vehicle to aid students, parents, alumni, faculty, the community, and interested others in being aware, among other things, of the resources available, is examined for findable support for OER. The purpose of this study is to show, through examination of their websites, a snapshot of the response of Connecticut universities and colleges to OER. Through an examination of these websites, we gage the ability to connect with information related to OER through the university website.

The STAR Collaboration reports precise measurements of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry, ALL, for dijet production with at least one jet at intermediate pseudorapidity 0.8 < ηjet < 1.8 in polarized proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 200 GeV. This study explores partons scattered with a longitudinal momentum fraction (x) from 0.01 to 0.5, which are predominantly characterized by interactions between high-x valence quarks and low-x gluons. The results are in good agreement with previous measurements at 200 GeV with improved precision and are found to be consistent with the predictions of global analyses that find the gluon polarization to be positive. In contrast, the negative gluon polarization solution from the JAM Collaboration is found to be strongly disfavored. © 2025 American Physical Society

The polarization of Λ , Λ ¯ , Ξ − , and Ξ ¯ + hyperons along the angular momentum of the system has been measured in isobar collisions of Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr at s N N = 200 GeV with the STAR detector at RHIC. The polarization dependence on collision centrality exhibits an increasing trend in more peripheral collisions. Λ and Λ ¯ polarization dependence on the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity have been investigated, but no significant dependence was observed. The polarizations of Λ and Λ ¯ are found to be consistent with each other, indicating little contribution of the spin-magnetic coupling to the measured polarization. Comparison to previously measured polarization in Au+Au collisions show no obvious system size dependence. The results are qualitatively consistent with hydrodynamic calculations including contributions from shear-induced polarization and thermal vorticity. For the first time in heavy-ion collisions, the dependence of the global polarization on the hyperon’s emission azimuthal angle relative to the second-order event plane has been measured, indicating stronger polarization for the in-plane emitted hyperons at the level of 2.4 σ significance in 20–50 % centrality. The Ξ hyperon polarization measurements via polarization transfer analysis yield finite positive values with 2.9 σ significance in 20–50 % centrality, slightly larger compared to the inclusive Λ polarization. © 2025 The Authors.

Humanistic Education: A Collection of Reflective Essays by George Narvaez is a compelling anthology that bridges classical philosophy, modern educational theory, and personal reflection. Drawing on the author’s graduate studies at Harrison Middleton University, these twenty essays offer a deep dive into the evolution of human thought on education, knowledge, and the art of learning.This book is ideal for readers interested in the humanities, education, philosophy, or self-directed learning. It engages with timeless questions:What does it mean to “know” something?How is knowledge constructed and communicated?How can education empower individuals and communities?Inside this collection, you will explore:✔️ The foundational philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, and Aquinas✔️ Modern insights from William James, John Dewey, and Benjamin Franklin✔️ The evolution of rhetoric and epistemology across history✔️ The relationship between language, culture, and cognition✔️ The author's transformative journey through educationEach essay combines academic rigor with accessible language, offering readers a path to understand how classical theories of liberal education connect with contemporary learning practices. From the “education of the hemispheres” in William James’s psychology to the experiential learning of Franklin and Dewey, the author shows that learning is not just about absorbing information—it’s about transforming the way we live, communicate, and understand ourselves and others.Key themes include:Rhetoric as a tool for empowermentEpistemology as a process of inquiryCivic responsibility through educationPersonal growth through humanistic reflectionWhether you're an educator, student, scholar, or lifelong learner, Humanistic Education is a thought-provoking guide to the intellectual traditions that continue to shape our educational ideals.Start your journey through the minds of history’s greatest thinkers—and reflect on your own learning path.