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本书将儿童,童年回忆和西班牙内战联系在一起,提出了"佛朗哥儿童"这个新概念.在童年研究和历史回忆研究的二元框架下,作者分析了"佛朗哥儿童"在西班牙20世纪后半叶至今的代表性文学影视作品,以此揭示出儿童在西班牙政治中的重要性,并呈现了西班牙近几十年来的历史和文化走向

As New Jersey’s second largest city, Jersey City has experienced a surge in urban redevelopment and new development, particularly its downtown wards closest to New York City. Situated on the Hudson River directly across from downtown New York City, Jersey City is an ideal location for New Jersey developers and realtors to redevelop in order to attract New York City’s financial sector employees and individuals desiring more living space at lower rental or mortgage costs. In other words, downtown Jersey City exemplifies urban gentrification. In the last twenty years, several public policies helped spur waterfront development to attract potentially wealthier residents. In an effort to lure developers and investors, Jersey City officials relied heavily on municipal tax abatements to offset increasingly high property taxes. So after two decades, has Jersey City demonstrated that Payment in Lieu of Taxes (PILOT), tax abatements and other tax policy incentives are in fact feasible in terms of the following questions: What have been the implications of these policies? Who benefited from and who was marginalized from these policies? This paper examines the rising concerns surrounding tax abatements and other pro-development tax policies. By examining a medium sized city like Jersey City, this case study is especially useful in understanding the significant issues and shortcomings with urban redevelopment tax incentives. Too often these incentives benefit a political and financial elite at the economic expense and loss of political rights of long-term residents and renters.

The mayoral archive includes both official and personal documents that can be used for research on various aspects of New Haven's history. Much of the DeStefano collection, for example, has various reports and studies on economic development and school construction projects, which were key to his administration.The Hilton C. Buley Library hosts a growing collection of mayoral papers from four New Haven mayors: Biagio “Ben” DiLieto (1980–90), John Daniels (1990–94), John DeStefano Jr. (1994–2014) and Toni Harp (2014–20). The materials are available to the public by appointment. Many items—including the full DeStefano papers—are available in a digital archive through the Buley Library website or the Connecticut Digital Archive portal. Jackie Toce, librarian and head of technical services at Buley Library, has spent the last seven years leading the digitization efforts for the archive, one of the reasons DeStefano donated the materials to Southern.4 Buley Library will host an exhibition and formal unveiling of the archive in late October 2021, which will run through the end of the year.

This work offers a political and historical analysis of Newark's modern politics since 1950, culminating with Mayor Cory Booker's rise to power and prominence both in the city and in American political consciousness. Newark's recent political history offers an interesting case study in mayoral elections, community development, and coalition building politics. While Newark is the quintessential post-industrial city, Booker has received critical attention for his post-racial politics since he frequently bypasses racial and traditional urban politics. At the same time, relations between the mayor, the municipal council, and Newark's diverse communities were often so fractious that sustainable coalition building proved to be an elusive goal to resolve longstanding crime, education, and other social problems. Based on original interviews with Cory Booker, city council members, and other prominent Newark politicians, A Post Racial Change is Gonna Come is a powerful history of how Newark became the focal point for transformative politics in urban America.

This is the fourth in a series of books dealing with Washington, DC. Like the first three, this also is the outgrowth of special seminars conducted in the Department of Political Science at Howard University. We examine Washington, DC's challenges, because it is vital to know the conditions under which the residents of the most powerful city in the world continue to live, based on sound empirical evidence.

Law, Politics, and African Americans in Washington, DC explores the legal challenges and triumphs of African Americans and law and politics in Washington, DC, a city whose majority population comprises African Americans. It examines the interconnection between law and politics in Washington, DC, because it is vital to know the legal conditions under which the African American residents of the most powerful city in the world live, based on sound empirical evidence. Law, Politics, and African Americans in Washington, DC addresses two major questions: - Why study African Americans in terms of law and politics? - Why examine law and politics at the local level, in this case Washington, DC?

Aims and objectives:This study investigates the effects of language loss on bilingual autobiographical memory. More specifically, the study focuses on whether severe language loss would lead to any linguistic changes and/or interfere with how memories are recalled and shared.Methodology:Autobiographical memories were elicited with the help of a cued-recall technique and memory questionnaire from two groups of immigrants?attriters (who experienced significant language loss) and bilinguals (who retained their first language proficiency).Data and analysis:The data set consisted of pre-immigration memories that were originally encoded in the first language, Russian. The frequency of recall (i.e., sharing memories with others as well as reminiscing) and linguistic components (i.e., words) of memories elicited from the attriters and bilinguals were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively.Findings and conclusion:Overall, attriters were able to recall memories that were originally encoded in the forgotten language. They also reported reminiscing about their pre-immigration memories and sharing their memories with others. However, attriters revealed that the pre-immigration memories came to them with words in the second language, English, which was not the case with bilinguals. Attriters also reframed memories for several Russian culture-specific items and events. This finding is indicative of memory re-encoding?a phenomenon when memories are updated, stored, and subsequently retrieved with added information. While this finding points to the bilingual mind?s ability to adapt to language loss, it may also suggest linguistic and cultural assimilation under the influence of the new language and culture.Originality:This is the first investigation of autobiographical memory in bilinguals with severe language loss that highlights the malleability and adaptability of the bilingual mind as well as the importance of language maintenance.

Background:Little is known about the adoption by athletic administrators (AAs) of exertional heat illness (EHI) policies, and the corresponding facilitators and barriers of such policies within high school athletics. This study describes the adoption of comprehensive EHI policies by high school AAs and explores factors influencing EHI policy adoption.Hypothesis:We hypothesized that <50% of AAs would report adoption of an EHI policy, and that the most common facilitator would be access to an athletic trainer (AT), whereas the most common barrier would be financial limitations.Study Design:Cross-sectional.Level of Evidence:Level 4.Methods:A total of 466 AAs (82.4% male; age, 48 ± 9 years) completed a validated online survey to assess EHI prevention and treatment policy adoption (11 components), as well as facilitators and barriers to policy implementation. Access to athletic training services was ascertained by matching the participants? zip codes with the Athletic Training Locations and Services Project. Policy adoption, facilitators, and barriers data are presented as summary statistics (proportions, interquartile range (IQR)). A Welch t test evaluated the association between access to athletic training services and EHI policy adoption.Results:Of the AAs surveyed, 77.9% (n = 363) reported adopting a written EHI policy. The median of EHI policy components adopted was 5 (IQR = 1,7), with only 5.6% (n = 26) of AAs reporting adoption of all policy components. AAs who had access to an AT (P = 0.04) were more likely to adopt a greater number of EHI-related policies, compared with those without access to an AT. An AT employed at the school was the most frequently reported facilitator (36.9%).Conclusion:Most AAs reported having written EHI policy components, and access to an AT resulted in a more comprehensive policy.Clinical Relevance:Employment of an AT within high school athletics may serve as a vital component in facilitating the adoption of comprehensive EHI policies.

Azimuthal anisotropy of produced particles is one of the most important observables used to access the collective properties of the expanding medium created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In this paper, we present second (v2) and third (v3) order azimuthal anisotropies of KS0, φ, Λ, Ξ, and ω at midrapidity (|y|<1) in Au+Au collisions at sNN=54.4 GeV measured by the STAR detector. The v2 and v3 are measured as a function of transverse momentum and centrality. Their energy dependence is also studied. v3 is found to be more sensitive to the change in the center-of-mass energy than v2. Scaling by constituent quark number is found to hold for v2 within 10%. This observation could be evidence for the development of partonic collectivity in 54.4 GeV Au+Au collisions. Differences in v2 and v3 between baryons and antibaryons are presented, and ratios of v3/v23/2 are studied and motivated by hydrodynamical calculations. The ratio of v2 of φ mesons to that of antiprotons [v2(φ)/v2(p¯)] shows centrality dependence at low transverse momentum, presumably resulting from the larger effects from hadronic interactions on antiproton v2. © 2023 American Physical Society.

We present the first measurements of transverse momentum spectra of π±, K±, p(p¯) at midrapidity (|y|<0.1) in U+U collisions at sNN= 193 GeV with the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The centrality dependence of particle yields, average transverse momenta, particle ratios and kinetic freeze-out parameters are discussed. The results are compared with the published results from Au+Au collisions at sNN= 200 GeV in STAR. The results are also compared to those from A Multi-Phase Transport (ampt) model. © 2023 American Physical Society.

We report the beam energy and collision centrality dependence of fifth and sixth order cumulants (C5, C6) and factorial cumulants (κ5, κ6) of net-proton and proton number distributions, from center-of-mass energy (sNN) 3 GeV to 200 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC. Cumulant ratios of net-proton (taken as proxy for net-baryon) distributions generally follow the hierarchy expected from QCD thermodynamics, except for the case of collisions at 3 GeV. The measured values of C6/C2 for 0%-40% centrality collisions show progressively negative trend with decreasing energy, while it is positive for the lowest energy studied. These observed negative signs are consistent with QCD calculations (for baryon chemical potential, μB≤110 MeV) which contains the crossover transition range. In addition, for energies above 7.7 GeV, the measured proton κn, within uncertainties, does not support the two-component (Poisson+binomial) shape of proton number distributions that would be expected from a first-order phase transition. Taken in combination, the hyperorder proton number fluctuations suggest that the structure of QCD matter at high baryon density, μB∼750 MeV at sNN=3 GeV is starkly different from those at vanishing μB∼24 MeV at sNN=200 GeV and higher collision energies. © 2023 American Physical Society.