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The demise of America's state mental hospital system, or “deinstitutionalization,” has received much attention from sociologists and historians of medicine. Less understood is the manner in which the public experienced and came to terms with it. Using elements of folklore and horror studies, I will examine how popular films accommodated audiences to institutional decline and confirmed popular antistatist pessimism. The Exorcist (1973), One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), Halloween (1978), and When a Stranger Calls (1979) helped weave a tapestry of distrust. By endorsing popular conceptions of institutional failure and presenting mythical narratives of individualist triumph, these films helped pave a path towards the conservative Reagan era to come.

Three novel experiments investigated the effectiveness of color-coded word-families flashcards for facilitating kindergarteners' word recognition skills. Flashcards were constructed with the rime of the word family (vowel and remaining consonant sounds) printed in black ink, indicating that words with this spelling pattern sound the same, and the onsets (initial consonant sounds) shown in different colors, indicating the sound changes from word to word. All experiments involved preand post-testing on word recognition and phonological awareness and random assignment to intervention or control conditions. The length of intervention and type of control condition differed among experiments. Results suggested that word-families may facilitate word recognition skill development and that factors such as amount of practice, phonological awareness, and socioeconomic status impact the efficacy of the intervention.

According to a presidential task force about national college health in 2005, 14.9% of college students have been diagnosed with depression or anxiety disorders. Almost 75% of them experienced mental health problems during their early childhood or adolescence. Specifically, this paper examines the longitudinal effects of learning disability and attention disorder, and behavior disorder, of children born in 1980 – 1984, on their labor market outcomes as young adults. This study applies data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), which documents the transition from school to work, and from adolescence to adulthood. By applying a family fixed effects model with Heckman selection procedure and multinomial logistic regression, the research results show that experiencing mental health illness during childhood is associated with a decreased risk of employment, an increased risk of unemployment, and decreased weekly paid working hours. This effect is strong and significant for males, and barely discernible for females. Hence, childhood mental disorder is an important determinant of individual’s labor market outcomes. Targeting the improvement for boys’ mental illness situation might be beneficial for improving their labor market participation.

The purpose of the qualitative study was to explore the themes that counselor education master’s students perceived as impacting their experience within a counseling program. Counselor education master’s students provided their perceptions of what they attributed to helping or hindering their progress. Themes identified as impacting their experiences were academic environment, finances, job preparation, self-care, life role balance, support, mentoring and advising, and personal growth. Recommendations are provided for counselor educators to consider when structuring programs and interacting with master’s students.

To accommodate execution mode change and hardware malfunction, dynamic system reconfiguration, which invokes application migration across different processing cores, needs to be supported on multi-core embedded systems. Different application migration strategies will impact system's timing behaviors in different manners, it is important to select an appropriate one such that the system's timing performance after the migration process is still acceptable. The focus of our research is to predict the system's timing change of possible migration strategies and upon which to choose the optimal one. Extensive experiments have been set up by running multiple benchmarks and experimental results validate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.

Reliability, longevity, availability, and deadline guarantees are the four most important metrics to measure the QoS of long-running safety-critical real-time applications. Software aging is one of the major factors that impact the safety of long-running real-time applications as the degraded performance and increased failure rate caused by software aging can lead to deadline missing and catastrophic consequences. Software rejuvenation is one of the most commonly used approaches to handle issues caused by software aging. In this paper, we study the optimal time when software rejuvenation shall take place so that the system's reliability, longevity, and availability are maximized, and application delays caused by software rejuvenation is minimized. In particular, we formally analyze the relationships between software rejuvenation frequency and system reliability, longevity, and availability. Based on the theoretic analysis, we develop approaches to maximizing system reliability, longevity, and availability, and use simulation to evaluate the developed approaches. In addition, we design the MIN-DELAY semi-priority-driven scheduling algorithm to minimize application delays caused by rejuvenation processes. The simulation experiments show that the developed semi-priority-driven scheduling algorithm reduces application delays by 9.01% and 14.24% over the earliest deadline first (EDF) and least release time (LRT) scheduling algorithms, respectively.

Researches in real-time scheduling often assume that the performance of a computing resource does not change overtime. However, as system softwares and system architectures become increasingly complex, resource performance degradation over time becomes more evident. In this paper, we study the schedulability of a hard real-time task set on a resource which has performance degradation over time with a known pattern and use both cold and warm periodic rejuvenations as countermeasures. Such resource model is referred to as P2D-resource model for performance degradation and periodic rejuvenation with dual-levels. In this paper, we study (1) the formal specification of the P2D-resource model, (2) P2D-resource supply analysis, and (3) task set utilization bounds of a P2D-resource under Earliest Deadline First (EDF) and Rate Monotonic (RM) scheduling policies.

Revisions of a textbook problem enhance the underlying tasks and foster conceptual understanding.

In this article we study the conceptions of an American and a French group of undergraduate pre-service teachers regarding the concept of independent events. Specifically, we study the role that intuition plays in their answers, ascertain the presence of probabilistic biases, and compare the findings with previous results collected on a different population. Participants were asked to provide essay-type answers to a three-part questionnaire that asked them to solve problems, react to hypothetical students’ answers, and answer direct questions. The concept of independent events was problematic for most participants as was the distinction between mutually exclusive and independent events. In addition, representativeness bias and the Falk Phenomenon were observed among several participants.

The authors have had many years of leadership and management experience in a variety of settings and have discovered that there are few books that cover the majority of topics related to leadership and management specifically for social work education and practice. This book covers all the main areas of expertise required in a typical social work leadership and management experience. It incorporates all 21 competencies and 126 practice behaviors from the Network on Social Work Management (NSWM) and nine competencies and 29 practice behaviors espoused by the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) and can serve as a textbook for social work programs at the graduate level. The book has many unique features. It provides a comprehensive list of leadership and management competencies from the NSWM and the CSWE along with a list of competencies and practice behaviors. The book presents leadership and management competencies and practice behaviors each chapter along with cases, examples, and activities of how to use them in practice situations. It discusses in detail the differences between management and leadership along with best management and leadership practices. The book provides examples of how to motive and successfully work with different age cohorts. It presents effective communication and marketing strategies. The book discusses in detail how to effectively work with groups and give examples of how to make meetings productive. It exhibits specific problem-solving and decision-making strategies along with examples. The book summarizes how to manage a range of organizational functions. It discusses the importance of collaborating with community groups and other stakeholders to succeed in making a difference. The book contains five parts that replicate the <abbrev>NSWM</abbrev>’s four domains of leadership: executive leadership in social work; resources management practices; strategic management and administrative skills for organizational growth and success; community collaboration; and supplemental materials.

Measurements of parameters in electricity grids are frequently captured as average values over some time interval. In scenarios of distributed measurements such as in distribution grids, offsets of local clocks can result in misaligned averaging intervals. This paper investigates the properties of the so-called time alignment error of such measurands that is caused by shifts of the averaging interval. We extend a previously derived Markov-modulated model and provide an approximation of the variance of the time alignment error. The model accounts for slow-decaying correlation structure found in actual traces of electrical measures. We compare results of three electrical measures for 20 traces with numerical results and simulations from the the fitted Markov model. © 2019 IEEE.

Depression and anxiety are increasingly prevalent on college campuses; however, few studies have explored these disorders among graduate students. Purpose of this study was to examine prevalence, correlates and predictors of depression and anxiety among graduate students. This cross-sectional study used secondary data (N=4477) collected as part of the Healthy Minds Study. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) was used as the screening instrument. Multiple logistic regression examined the effect of demographic and social variables on the outcome of screening positive. Results showed 14.0% screened positive for depression, 9.5% for anxiety, 19.1% for either, and 4.4% for both. Depression correlates included: race/ethnicity, nationality, living situation, relationship status and finances growing up. Anxiety correlates included: sex, nationality, sexual orientation, and current finances. Validated predictors for depression were relationship status and finances growing up. Validated predictor for anxiety was identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or queer (LGBTQ), while being male and international status were protective. These findings suggest depression and anxiety are as prevalent among graduates as undergraduates and provide insight into the social and demographic influences of screening positive. Health educators can use these findings to inform policy and programming for graduate students that will provide an appropriate combination of services.

For the last 93 years mayfly diversity has been studied at all taxonomic levels from families to populations and all spatial and temporal scales. This has resulted in the description of almost every possible pattern with regard to latitude, elevation, habitat, climate, and season. However, if the focus is on species and sampling restricted to nymphs and the spatial scale limited to drainage networks, then a single recurring pattern appears—the hump-shaped Mid-network Mayfly Maxima (MMM). Past studies have attempted to explain this hump-shaped pattern with regards to some combination of ecologic, hydrologic, climatic, anthropogenic, or historic variables. There is wide agreement that some of these variables are important to the occurrence and distribution of individual species, but there is no consensus as to what combination of these variables comprises the best general explanation of the humped-shaped pattern. Because of the lack of agreement on how to explain this recurring pattern for mayflies and an unwillingness to acknowledge it as a general feature of drainage networks, where mayflies occur, we have become stuck trying to tease out a cause and have failed to recognize that although knowing a cause is important it may not be relevant to the broader use of this information for biomonitoring, climate monitoring, habitat management, and conservation now. I believe that there is sufficient evidence that the MMM exists and occurs in almost every major drainage system and is reasonably predictable using basic attributes of drainage networks pertinent to the aquatic life stage (nymphs). Herein I will summarize pertinent studies that support this contention; reexamine some results from one of the most comprehensive recent studies that included mayfly taxa along altitudinal gradients in North America by Gill et al. (2014), as well as a test dataset from a river in western Maine, USA; comment on information needed to estimate the location of MMM in any drainage network and how the MMM can be used; and discuss how the extent of common vs. rare species affect the perceptions of the regional species pool and the MMM.