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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects approximately 1 in 59 children, but there are currently no biomedical treatments available that target the core symptoms (1). Preliminary evidence suggests that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may have the potential to alleviate difficulties experienced by individuals with ASD (2). The evidence supporting the use of rTMS for ASD has led researchers in the field to form a consensus group that has met annually since 2014. Here we summarize discussions from the most recent meeting in May 2017, including recommendations for future research directions.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of hospitalizations on patterns of sedentary and physical activity time in mobility-limited older adults randomized to structured physical activity or health education. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of investigator-blinded, parallel-group, randomized trial conducted at 8 U.S. centers between February 2010 and December 2013. PARTICIPANTS: Sedentary men and women aged 70 to 89 at baseline who wore a hip-fitted accelerometer 7 consecutive days at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months after randomization (N=1,341). MEASUREMENTS: Participants were randomized to a physical activity (PA; n = 669) intervention that included aerobic, resistance, and flexibility training or to a health education (HE; n = 672) intervention that consisted of workshops on older adult health and light upper-extremity stretching. Accelerometer patterns were characterized as bouts of sedentary (¡100 counts/min; ¿= 1, ¿= 10, ¿= 30, ¿= 60 minute lengths) and activity (¿= 100 counts/min; ¿= 1, ¿= 2, ¿= 5, ¿= 10 minute lengths) time. Each participant was categorized as having 0, 1 to 3, or 4 or more cumulative hospital days before each accelerometer assessment. RESULTS: Hospitalization increased sedentary time similarly in both intervention groups (8 min/d for 1-3 cumulative hospital days and 16 min/d for ¿= 4 cumulative hospital days). Hospitalization was also associated with less physical activity time across all bouts of less than 10 minutes (¿= 1: -7 min/d for 1-3 cumulative hospital days, -16 min/d for ¿= 4 cumulative hospital days; ¿= 2: -5 min/d for 1-3 cumulative hospital days, -11 min/d for ¿= 4 cumulative hospital days; ¿= 5: -3 min/d for 1-3 cumulative hospital days, -4 min/d for ¿= 4 cumulative hospital days). There was no evidence of recovery to prehospitalization levels (time effect p ¿ .41). PA participants had less sedentary time in bouts of less than 30 minutes than HE participants (-8 to -10 min/d) and more total activity (+3 to +6 min/d), although hospital-related changes were similar between the intervention groups (interaction effect p ¿ .26). CONCLUSION: Participating in a PA intervention before hospitalization had expected benefits, but participants remained susceptible to hospitalization's detrimental effects on their daily activity levels. There was no evidence of better activity recovery after hospitalization.

New data obtained during the 2018 March-April speckle run at the 4.1 m Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope located at Cerro Pachón (Chile) allowed us to recalculate the orbits of the following visual binaries: WDS 06478+0020 (STT 157),WDS 07003-2207 (FIN 334Aa,Ab), WDS 07013-0906 (A 671), WDS 10174-5354 (CVN 16Aa,Ab), WDS 12155-3106 (RST 1658),WDS 12572+0818 (FIN 380),WDS 13044-1316 (HU 642),WDS 14243-3838 (RST 1785), WDS 16094-3103 (I 557), WDS 17115-1630 (HU 169), WDS 17119-0151 (LPM 629),WDS 17563 + 0259 (A 2189),WDS 18464-2755 (RST 2073), and WDS 19035-6845 (FIN 357). All but three of them are Southern stars. The recently published Gaia parallaxes were used to calculate the total mass of each of these systems, despite the fact that, in a few cases, only Hipparcos parallaxes were available. For two binaries, A 671 and RST 2073, there are no parallax data. However, in these cases, the masses deduced from the dynamical parallaxes provided relevant information. In addition, we also present the first orbit for each of three systems: HU 642, RST 1785, and RST 2073, using speckle measurements. Finally, using the dynamical parallaxes given by these orbits, we have been able to calculate the luminosity of these systems. Said luminosities allow us to indicate an approximate age for each of the components of the system, situating them within the HR diagram. © 2018 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.

This paper explores the formation of a transitory community in the UNRRA Displaced Persons Center in Deggendorf, Germany, where Jewish Holocaust survivors used social group work to preserve their past, to restore humane values, and to prepare for new lives.  Social activism through task groups and activity groups affirmed individual and community self-determination while promoting recovery from trauma.  The experience of the She’erith Hapleitah or “surviving remnant,” as they called themselves, though historically specific, has implications for group work with migrants today.

We present 248 speckle observations of 43 binary and 19 trinary star systems chosen to make progress in two main areas of investigation: the fundamental properties of metal-poor stars and star formation mechanisms. The observations were taken at the Gemini North and South telescopes during the period 2015 July to 2018 April, mainly with the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument but also with a few early results from the new 'Alopeke speckle camera at Gemini North. We find that the astrometry and photometry of these observations as a whole are consistent with previous work at Gemini. We present five new visual orbits for systems important in understanding metal-poor stars, three of which have orbital periods of less than 4 yr, and we indicate the degree to which these and future observations can impact our knowledge of stellar properties and star formation. In particular, we find a decrease in mass at fixed spectral type for metal-poor stars versus their solar-metallicity analogs that is consistent with predictions that are made from current stellar models. © 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved..

Using a significant auditing event-the going concern audit opinion-we investigate the market’s forecasting ability and the importance of firm fundamentals in predicting the going concern event. First, we find that the equity market signals the upcoming going concern announcement as early as 30 days in advance. Specifically, during the window of [-30, -1] leading up to the announcement, the excess returns to going concern firms are 9.98% worse than the matched distressed firms. Moreover, short sellers, a group of sophisticated investors, significantly increase their shorting activities during days before the release of the going concern opinions. Furthermore, we find that firm fundamentals, which are observable to the market, are significantly predictive to the issuances of going concern. These variables include a firm’s operating performance (return on assets and operating cash flows), equity market liquidity, stock momentum, and filing delay. Overall, our evidence supports the perception that the market can forecast the going concern opinion release and points out its possible channel as well.

The reporting of non-Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Measures (non-GAAP) by U.S. publically traded companies is not new but it has recently come under increased scrutiny by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This case presents a specific example of this scrutiny in the form of Tesla, Inc.’s quarterly earnings announcements and Tesla’s subsequent correspondence with the SEC. This case requires students to answer relevant questions about GAAP vs Non GAAP reporting, generally in the form of a research memo, with references to applicable SEC regulations and guidance on the use and reporting of non-GAAP measures.

Background & Objectives: Interviewers often provide positive nonverbal feedback to reduce interviewees' anxiety. Socially anxious individuals typically harbor negative self-views discrepant with positive feedback. We examined whether nonverbal feedback and social anxiety jointly influence cortisol responses to, and performance during, interviews. Design: An experimental between-subjects design randomly assigned participants to feedback condition. Methods: Undergraduate students (N = 130) provided saliva and completed social anxiety, interview anxiety, and affective measures before a simulated interview. Following a standardized script, a confederate interviewer provided positive, ambiguous, or negative nonverbal feedback. Participants then provided saliva and completed self-focused attention and self-awareness measures. Confederate interviewers and an external rater evaluated participants' anxiety displays, assertive behavior, and performance. Results: Positive feedback decreased cortisol and improved performance for low social anxiety participants. Socially anxious participants exhibited higher cortisol but did not exhibit significant differences in performance after positive compared to negative feedback. Conclusions: Consistent with previous findings, positive feedback did not benefit socially anxious interviewees. Positive feedback increased physiological arousal relative to negative feedback but did not hinder performance among people high in social anxiety. These results provide novel information about the interactive influence of social anxiety and nonverbal interviewer feedback on arousal, self-focus, and interview performance.

Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study examined the impact of sexuality factors and satisfaction with partner on stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Multiple regression was used to evaluate the impact of predictors such as sexuality factors and relationship satisfaction on the dependent variables: stress, anxiety, and depression. Three main results were discovered. First, sexual minority females who have lower levels of education and are dissatisfied with their relationship experience significantly higher stress, while sexual minority males do not differ from heterosexual males in terms of relationship satisfaction or stress. Second, sexual minority females who have lower levels of education and who are dissatisfied with their relationship experience significantly higher anxiety, while sexual minority males do not differ from heterosexual males in terms of relationship satisfaction or anxiety. Finally, female sexual minorities who have lower levels of education reported fluid attraction, fluid identity, dissatisfaction with their relationship, and have significantly higher depression when compared to male sexual minorities or heterosexuals. Further research should examine gender and fluidity in greater detail. © 2018, © 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Recovery of burn patients may be impeded by mental health problems. By gaining a better understanding of the impact that psychological factors may have on hospital length of stay, providers may be better informed to address the complex needs of burn survivors through effective and efficient practices. This systematic review summarizes existing data on the adverse psychological factors for the length of burn patients' hospitalization, and assesses the methodological quality of the extant literature on mental health conditions of burn survivors. A literature search was conducted in four electronic databases: PubMed, PsychINFO, Science Direct, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Results yielded reports published between 1980 and 2016. Methodological quality was assessed by using an 11-item methodological quality score system. Seventy-four studies were identified by search; 19 articles were eligible for analysis. Findings demonstrate paucity of evidence in the area. Reports indicate longer hospital stay among burn patients with mental health problems. Substance use was the most consistent mental-health predictor of longer hospital stay. Heterogeneity in data on mental health conditions rendered impossible estimation of effect sizes of individual psychological factors on length of hospitalization. Many studies over-relied on retrospective designs, and crude indicators of psychological factors. Findings indicate that mental health problems do have an impact on the trajectory of burn recovery by increasing the length of hospital stay for burn survivors. Inpatient mental health services for burn patients are critically needed. Prospective designs, and more sensitive psychological indicators are needed for future studies.

This chapter first reviews the research and applications of nonresonance and resonance Raman spectroscopy for analysis of human brain normal and abnormal tissues. Next, special emphasis is made on our recent achievements of visible resonance Raman (VRR) technique in primary human brain tumor disease investigation and diagnosis. Visible resonance Raman (VRR) spectroscopy technique uses excitation of visible light (532 nm) to evaluate the resonant and nonresonant molecular vibrational modes in biological tissues. The VRR signal intensities are enhanced by two to three orders of magnitude for faster use in medical applications in quasi real time. VRR opens up a new stainless “molecular optics based histopathology” diagnosis approach. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The tactical and technical components of training become a primary emphasis, leaving less time for targeted development of physical qualities that underpin performance during the competition phase of a training program. A deemphasis on physical preparation during the in-season training phase may make athletes more susceptible to injury and decrease performance on the field. Two weeks prior to the start and one week following the conclusion of the 16-week collegiate lacrosse season, lower body force production was assessed in eight National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Men’s Lacrosse athletes. Lower body force production capabilities were determined via the performance of countermovement jumps (CMJ) and drop jumps (DJ) performed on a force plate and isokinetic strength testing of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups across three velocities. Isokinetic strength of the hamstrings and the hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio were maintained or increased over the course of the competition phase of training. Relative peak force obtained from the CMJ and the reactive strength index from the DJ decreased significantly over the season. The maintenance of isokinetic strength and the decrease in CMJ and DJ performance may indicate the presence of neuromuscular fatigue that accumulated over the course of the season.

Dysphagia is common in hospitalized patients post-extubation and associated with poor outcomes. Laryngeal sensation is critical for airway protection and safe swallowing. However, current understanding of the relationship between laryngeal sensation and aspiration in post-extubation populations is limited. Acute respiratory failure patients requiring intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation received a Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) within 72 h of extubation. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to examine the relationship between laryngeal sensation, length of intubation, and aspiration. Secondary outcomes included pharyngolaryngeal secretions, pneumonia, and diet recommendations. One-hundred and three patients met inclusion criteria. Fifty-one patients demonstrated an absent laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR). Altered laryngeal sensation correlated with the presence of secretions (p = 0.004). There was a significant interaction between the LAR, aspiration, and duration of mechanical ventilation. Altered laryngeal sensation was significantly associated with aspiration on FEES only in patients with a shorter length of intubation (p = 0.008). Patients with altered laryngeal sensation were prescribed significantly more restricted liquid (p = 0.03) and solid (p = 0.001) diets. No relationship was found between laryngeal sensation and pneumonia. There is a high prevalence of laryngeal sensory deficits in mechanically ventilated patients post-extubation. Altered laryngeal sensation was associated with secretions, aspiration, and modified diet recommendations especially in those patients with a shorter length of mechanical ventilation. These results demonstrate that laryngeal sensory abnormalities impact the development of post-extubation dysphagia.

We compare domestic architectural features in New England and the Maritime Peninsula to investigate the relationship between the adoption of horticulture and its relationship to social and settlement change during the Woodland Period. Horticulture was not practiced on the Maritime Peninsula until after European contact, despite cultural and environmental similarity to New England. In New England, horticulture has been implicated in profound social and settlement changes. However, aggregated villages, a unit typically investigated for evidence of social change, have proven elusive in the archaeological record. We compiled and analyzed a dataset of dwelling features instead of relying on identifiable villages. This novel quantitative approach uses dwelling feature shape and size as a proxy for social and settlement change, considering these changes at the scale of the house. We find that, during the Woodland Period, dwelling size was overall slightly larger in New England than on the Maritime Peninsula, but ranges heavily overlapped. After the introduction of horticulture, however, dwellings in New England grew in size overall and assumed bimodally distinct larger and smaller forms, which likely necessitated a restructuring of social and economic behavior. This pattern correlates maize horticulture with changes in social and economic lifestyle in Late Woodland New England. , Nous comparons des structures d'habitation domestiques de sites archéologiques de la Nouvelle-Angleterre et de la péninsule maritime afin d'explorer les conséquences de l'adoption généralisée de l'horticulture en termes de changements sociaux et de transformation des modes d’établissement en Nouvelle-Angleterre à la période Sylvicole. L'horticulture ne fut pas pratiquée dans la péninsule maritime avant la période du contact européen, malgré de fortes similarités culturelles et environnementales avec la Nouvelle-Angleterre. En Nouvelle-Angleterre, l'horticulture est présentée comme ayant été la source de changements sociaux profonds et d'une transformation des modes d’établissement. Au niveau archéologique cependant les sites de village font défaut, alors qu'ils constituent habituellement un repère pour l'identification et l’étude des changements sociaux; cette situation a provoqué des débats sur l'impact socio-économique de l'horticulture. Nous analysons ici un ensemble de données concernant des structures d'habitation individuelles en faisant fi de l'idée selon laquelle l’étude d'un village bien défini est nécessaire. Cette approche quantitative novatrice nous permet d'aborder la question des changements sociaux et de l’évolution des modes d’établissement à l’échelle de l'habitation, par l'intermédiaire de la forme et des dimensions des structures. Nous observons que durant la période sylvicole la taille des structures d'habitation était en général légèrement plus grande en Nouvelle-Angleterre que dans la péninsule maritime, malgré une fourchette de dimensions comparable pour les deux régions. Les habitations de la Nouvelle-Angleterre voient toutefois leur taille augmenter après l'introduction de l'horticulture, alors que se développe une division bimodale entre de grandes et de petites structures, changements rendus possibles par une probable réorganisation des comportements économiques et sociaux. Cette tendance met en corrélation la culture du maïs avec une transformation des modes de vie économiques et sociaux en Nouvelle-Angleterre durant le sylvicole supérieur.