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Recent research proposes that arts-integrated teaching approaches in business education can nurture students' aesthetic sensitivity and emotional capacities, such as self-awareness and empathy. In this chapter, we examine the pedagogical possibility of art appreciation in art museums as a consciousness-raising practice, especially for the sake of cultivating business students' environmental awareness in two different contexts. We have analyzed American and Russian students' reflective essays based on their museum visits in order to explore how business students make sense of their aesthetic experiences and how art appreciation helps them to develop their sustainability mindset in a creative learning space. Through attentive viewing of the works of art, students have learned some key insights from their aesthetic appreciation at art museums. These insights not only facilitated honing their emotional skills, but also deepened their environmental awareness and heightened their sense of personal empowerment to act upon these newly acquired insights and values ensuing from art appreciation. After identifying six key themes extracted from both groups of students' essays based on their museum learning, we further discuss the pedagogical implications of contemplative art appreciation in museums as a means of contributing to more innovative and sustainable management education. © 2026 selection and editorial matter, Ekaterina Ivanova, Isabel Rimanoczy and Divya Singhal; individual chapters, the contributors.

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. It is a serious disease caused by a disruption of blood flow in the brain resulting from either blockage of blood flow to the brain (ischemic stroke) or sudden bleeding in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). Stroke survivors experience more sleep disorders than the general population. Sleep disorders could also increase the risk of stroke even in individuals who have no history of stroke. Obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia are the most common sleep disorders associated with increased risk of stroke. Long sleep duration (≥9 h/day) and circadian rhythm changes have also been linked to an increased risk of stroke. This chapter summarizes the current evidence on the relationship between sleep disorders and stroke. © 2025 Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Nasopharyngoscopy is a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure that allows visual observation and analysis of the velopharyngeal mechanism during speech. It can be used to assess both anatomic and physiologic abnormalities of the velopharyngeal valve. In cases of suspected velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), nasopharyngoscopy is particularly useful in determining the size, location, and cause of the velopharyngeal opening. This information is very important for surgical planning. Nasopharyngoscopy is also useful in the assessment of secondary surgery that was done for VPI. It can help determine the need for revision and the type of revision surgery that is most likely to be successful. The purpose of the chapter is to explain how nasopharyngoscopy is used in the evaluation of velopharyngeal function. This chapter includes specific tips for achieving a successful examination in children as young as age 3. Finally, important observations from nasopharyngoscopy are described. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Entering a counselor education program is just the first step in becoming a Professional Counselor, which includes developing a solid Professional Counselor identity and a plan for a fulfilling career. In this chapter, the authors provide a step-by-step plan for understanding key elements of becoming a Professional Counselor, beginning to work as a Professional Counselor, and contributing to the counseling profession. These activities include professional involvement, service, and scholarship as well as other meaningful pursuits for building one's successful career. The authors present a professional involvement pyramid to illustrate how Counselors can engage in professional identity development from graduate school throughout their careers. © Oxford University Press 2025. All rights reserved.

The chapter “Considering Emerging Complementary and Alternative Treatments“delves into the diverse landscape of non-mainstream interventions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The discourse navigates through the historical evolution, current status, and future prospects of complementary and alternative medicine treatments. The narrative acknowledges the dichotomy between scientifically validated practices and those emerging from anecdotal and preliminary evidence. Key topics include vitamin and mineral supplementation, dietary interventions, secretin administration, chelation therapy, neurofeedback, sensory-based therapies, and facilitated communication. Each treatment is critically evaluated for its empirical support, safety, and clinical utility. The chapter emphasizes the necessity for rigorous research methodologies and balanced clinical perspectives in assessing these interventions. By providing a comprehensive overview, it aims to inform clinicians, researchers, and caregivers about the potential benefits and pitfalls of CAM treatments, fostering informed decision making in the therapeutic management of ASD. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

Evidence-based practice guidelines use specific rubrics to first evaluate the quality of individual outcome research studies and then the overall strength of the evidence, ultimately generating recommendations for clinical and educational practice. This chapter reviews the methodologies used across three different types of guidelines spanning health and education, by comparing recommendations related to practices for addressing sleep problems. The review reveals that these guidelines share many features, with some differences suggesting areas of improvement. More fundamental differences between biomedical and psychosocial practices, as well as specific challenges of community-based practices, suggest other opportunities for improvement in the design of outcome research and in the development of practice guidelines. This chapter concludes by discussing how to close other gaps in guideline development by emphasizing focused practices instead of comprehensive treatment programs (CTPs), integrating research findings from related populations, developing recommendations for program and policy leaders, and imagining reviews that potentially offer more individualized recommendations. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

This concluding chapter summarizes how the field has advanced, the current state of evidence-based practices, unique insights derived from systematic reviews of practices and programs, and directions for the future. We note major gains since the first attempts in the early 1990s to provide information on evidence-based practices, including more sophisticated research methods for meta-analytic studies and systematic reviews. The emergence of very high-quality reviews of rigorous outcome research over the past 15 years has accelerated interest in evidence-based practices. At the same time, controversies surrounding questions of research design, study selection, the potential bias relative to cultural and racial factors, persistent gaps in research on adults and those with more significant levels of disability, and other areas remain to be addressed. We note some area of active discussion, e.g., relative to whether or not to screen and the need to help community-based professionals responsible for tailoring evidence-based practices to the many different individuals and settings they serve. If we are able to reconcile the researcher’s desire for experimental rigor with the flexibility required for outcome studies conducted in community-based settings, we might begin to demonstrate the kinds of population impacts needed to justify more substantial funding and policy changes. Several areas of additional research are outlined. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

When we published our first volume, the evidence-based practice (EBP) movement in the field of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) had already begun to gain strength around the world, and it has since shown no signs of abating. Multiple organizations and groups have now produced EBP guidelines concerning the treatment and/or identification of ASD. However, the resulting definitions continue to vary in important ways across professions and sometimes even within their subdivisions. A universal definition of EBP remains elusive. While these conclusions drawn from the previous edition of this book still hold true, we are nonetheless encouraged by the growth in interest in EBP and by the dramatic increase in the number of high-quality research studies over the past 15 years and so are excited to offer this updated and expanded handbook. This chapter serves as an introduction to the current state of affairs with respect to evidence-based practices in autism spectrum disorders. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

Mexican artistic influence at the beginning of the twentieth century was prevalent in America, most notably muralism, but also talent associated with the movies. This influenced the way Mexico was perceived in the United States, and by extension the way Lupe Vélez and Dolores del Río, the most successful Mexican actresses in early Hollywood, were appreciated. Both actresses had come to Hollywood to fulfill their dream of a career in the movies. At first, they were successful playing a variety of roles in silent movies, but once sound arrived, their accents made obvious their foreignness at a time when American culture was beginning to spread around the world and to establish its preeminence. They were aware of the challenges they faced and knew there was a price to pay if they wanted to continue in a business where the public decided, at a time when Americans distrusted foreigners. So, if that price was to overplay her earthy Mexicaness, in the case of Vélez, or emphasize her aristocratic image, in the case of del Río, they were ready to pay it. Mexico became the other par excellence in the early twentieth century, and these heavily accented actresses were evidence of that.

Leo Kanner’s classic description of autism appeared eight decades ago. Although the pace of research has increased dramatically, research specifically focused on adolescents and adults remains limited in many respects. Numerous outcome studies have been conducted and suggest potential for markedly improved outcome with intervention. Unfortunately, studies on adults after early adulthood are sparse and, for old age, almost nonexistent, reflecting a lack of support for research in this population. This is in stark contrast to other developmental disorders in which considerable information on adult life is often available. This book summarizes work across areas, focusing on what is known and not yet known, highlighting important areas for future research. While overall outcome has improved, a small group of individuals remain in need of high levels of adult care. For all individuals, the field requires new approaches to both research and clinical service.

Despite the ethical concerns over the datafication and surveillance of individuals and groups, companies are making ever greater investments in big data. The assumptions underpinning this movement are: (1) organizations are passive implementers of big data—more data is the inevitable consequence of technology and a competitive necessity for business, (2) more data offers a more objective and accurate picture of reality and (3) more data enables better prediction. We argue that this perspective is strategically unsustainable and abdicates ethical responsibility.

Communicated Stereotypes at Work highlights the pervasiveness and complexity of stereotypes in the workplace by analyzing the role they play in a variety of professional settings. Contributors exp...

To gain a full perspective about English in Syria, it is necessary to focus on English learning in the past and present. The focus of the learning and teaching of the English language in Syria prior to 2011 consisted of various factors such as length of exposure to language, teacher preparation, qualifications, cross-linguistic transfer, and textbooks. The interruptions in schooling, brain drain, and depletion of resources were additional factors that influenced the learning and teaching of English in Syria in the post-2011 era. The entry concludes with a proposal that conscientious efforts are needed to enhance the teaching of English in Syria.

Propaganda in the first half of the 20th century is usually associated with the atrocity stories from World War I and the anti-Semitic propaganda of the Nazi regime and World War II. This chapter provides a brief overview of the history of propaganda and propaganda theory before turning its attention to a theory of propaganda in civil war. It argues that what makes propaganda in a civil war unique is that it is a combination of both political and war propaganda. Current research on propaganda theory emphasizes that propaganda is in service of an ideology and focuses on propaganda as disseminating information that tries to avoid reason and veracity. The chapter argues that propagandists in a civil war setting are presenting the ‘truth’ as they understand it. Informed by Carl Schmitt’s “friend/enemy” distinction in his Concept of the Political, the author argues that each side argued and was convinced that they represented the values and interests of the nation and its people, and that because the stakes of the conflict were so high that all actions could be justified.