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As Türkiye transitions from a sending to a receiving country for migrants, it faces new challenges and opportunities. The country has experienced a significant influx of migrants, notably Syrian refugees, which has strained its educational infrastructure while also presenting potential benefits. The current article examines the role of Türkiye’s linguistic landscape in integrating diverse migrant populations, considering its historical emphasis on a singular national identity. Türkiye’s evolving sociocultural context invites a reassessment of linguistic diversity policies, particularly for national minorities and immigrant communities. We propose a systematic bilingual education program to foster a bilingual future in Türkiye, advocating for educational policies that preserve minority languages and encourage linguistic pluralism in an increasingly interconnected global society. Türkiye göçmen gönderen bir ülkeden göçmen alan bir ülkeye dönüşürken yeni zorluklar ve fırsatlarla karşı karşıyadır. Ülke, özellikle Suriyeli mülteciler olmak üzere önemli bir göçmen akını yaşadı ve bu durum eğitim altyapısını zorlarken aynı zamanda potansiyel faydalar da sundu. Bu makale, Türkiye’nin dilsel manzarasının çeşitli göçmen nüfuslarını entegre etmedeki rolünü, tekil bir ulusal kimliğe olan tarihsel vurgusunu göz önünde bulundurarak incelemektedir. Türkiye’nin gelişen sosyokültürel bağlamı, özellikle ulusal azınlıklar ve göçmen topluluklar için dilsel çeşitlilik politikalarının yeniden değerlendirilmesini gerektirir. Bu makalede Türkiye’de çift dilli bir geleceği teşvik etmek için azınlık dillerini koruyan sistematik bir çift dilli eğitim programı öneriyoruz ve artan bir şekilde dilsel çoğulculuğu teşvik eden eğitim politikalarını savunuyoruz.

This chapter presents a multi-institutional study that explores 38 pre-service English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) teachers’ identity development in

Climate change is increasingly destabilizing affordable housing systems by transforming occasional disaster-related damage into a persistent driver of housing loss and displacement. Low-income households and renters are disproportionately exposed to climate-related hazards because historically affordable housing has often been developed in areas vulnerable to flooding, extreme heat, and wildfires. In the United States, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) administers major climate adaptation initiatives through its Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs. Although these programs are primarily designed to reduce disaster risk and financial losses, their broader implications for housing affordability and community stability remain insufficiently examined. This narrative policy review synthesizes interdisciplinary research on disaster risk reduction, climate adaptation, housing affordability, and equity governance to examine how FEMA hazard mitigation funding influences affordable housing outcomes in climate-vulnerable communities. The review finds that widely used mitigation strategies, particularly property acquisition and demolition, can unintentionally reduce the supply of affordable housing and displace tenants without guaranteeing replacement housing. In contrast, in-situ mitigation and community-scale resilience measures that could preserve housing stability are less frequently implemented. Institutional barriers further complicate the integration of housing affordability goals within hazard mitigation policy. These barriers include benefit–cost analysis frameworks that undervalue social outcomes, fragmented governance between emergency management and housing institutions, and short planning horizons that overlook long-term housing impacts. By synthesizing these insights, the article reframes hazard mitigation as an investment in social infrastructure and proposes a housing-centered framework for climate adaptation policy. The findings highlight that preserving affordable housing and preventing displacement must become central objectives within hazard mitigation strategies to ensure equitable and effective climate resilience. Without housing stability, climate adaptation programs risk exacerbating the very vulnerabilities they are intended to address.

Climate change constitutes a major market failure because greenhouse gas emissions are not priced to reflect their social costs. Carbon pricing has become a central policy instrument, yet its effectiveness varies across contexts. This review evaluates the performance of carbon taxes and emissions trading systems by examining their environmental, economic, and equity outcomes. The analysis applies a systematic review framework covering peer-reviewed studies, meta-analyses, and international policy assessments published between 2008 and 2025. Evidence is synthesized across three dimensions: emissions reductions, innovation and structural change, and distributional impacts. The literature consistently shows that carbon pricing reduces emissions when price signals are strong, credible, and increase predictably over time. Jurisdictions with rising tax schedules or progressively tightening emissions caps achieve the most durable mitigation. Carbon pricing also stimulates low-carbon innovation and supports long-term structural change, especially when combined with complementary policies. Distributional outcomes vary, but equity improves significantly when revenues are returned through rebates or tax reductions. Overall effectiveness depends more on design quality and policy coherence than on whether pricing is delivered through taxes or trading systems. Credible long-term price paths, broad sectoral coverage, transparent governance, and equitable revenue use are essential conditions for achieving sustained environmental and socio-economic benefits.

<p>This report describes features of actinobacteriophages assigned to subcluster AZ1.  Additional phages may have been added to the phagesDB database since the generation of this report.</p>

Abstract Description The identification and prioritization of cancer-specific neoepitopes from next-generation sequencing data for personalized immunotherapies such as cancer vaccines remains challenging and requires the use of complex bioinformatics approaches. Here, we present GeNeo2, an updated version with enhanced features of the GeNeo toolbox for predicting neoepitopes from matched tumor/normal exome sequencing data coupled with tumor RNA-Seq data (Al Seesi et al., 2023). Unlike GeNeo, which identifies neoepitopes generated by single nucleotide variants, GeNeo2 also predicts neoepitopes generated by somatic indels. A distinguishing feature in GeNeo2 is that it integrates tools for analyzing mass spectrometry immunepeptidomic data, which can reveal neoantigens derived from both canonical and noncanonical sources. Finally, GeNeo2 integrates novel machine-learning approaches to improve the accuracy of somatic variant calling and peptide identification from mass spectrometry data. GeNeo2 tools can be accessed via web-based interfaces deployed on a Galaxy portal accessible at https://neo.engr.uconn.edu/. A virtual machine image for running GeNeo2 locally is also available to academic users upon request. Topic Categories Computational and Systems Immunology (COMP)

This article explores a collaborative initiative undertaken by a state university aimed at implementing and expanding an Early College Program. The conceptual framework, practical strategies, collaborative efforts and background of this initiative are presented. With a focus on improving college access for all, the article introduces the university's efforts to promote an inclusive Early College Program accessible to high-need students in particular. This collaborative approach highlights the importance of fostering collaboration among both internal and external partners of Institutions of Higher Education (IHE). By sharing insights into the program design and implementation, the article aims to inspire similar initiatives and contribute to the ongoing dialogue promoting early college experiences for all.

Energy burden, defined as the proportion of household income spent on residential energy, represents an important yet frequently overlooked dimension of housing affordability. Conventional affordability metrics typically focus on rent or mortgage payments while neglecting the ongoing costs of energy consumption, which obscures structural forms of housing insecurity that disproportionately affect low-income and marginalized households. This paper presents a narrative review of interdisciplinary scholarship from energy policy, housing studies, urban planning, and environmental justice to examine how housing inequality functions as a systemic driver of energy burden. Drawing on the environmental justice framework of distributive, procedural, and recognitional justice, the review demonstrates that energy burden is not simply a household-level financial challenge but a structural outcome shaped by unequal housing markets, aging and inefficient housing stock, tenure insecurity, and fragmented policy governance. The synthesis also shows that existing housing and energy policies, particularly energy efficiency incentives and affordability criteria, often privilege homeowners while excluding renters, informal housing residents, and other vulnerable groups. By integrating insights from environmental justice theory with housing policy debates, this study reframes affordable housing as a critical site for addressing energy inequality. The paper concludes by proposing a novel justice-informed conceptual framework that repositions affordable housing as a primary site for energy justice intervention and provides a roadmap for more equitable housing and energy policy design.

Research in Mathematics Education.This change reflects the journal's expanding scope, integrating both theoretical and practical aspects of mathematics education in alignment with growing interdisciplinary and applied academic trends.In this editorial, we discuss revised scope of MERP and invite contributions from a diverse range of researchers and practitioners

Background: This study examines the impact of responsible leadership (RL) on organizational commitment by examining the mediating role of trust in the leader, as modeled by the four key dimensions of the leader's role (aggregate of virtues, principles and ethical values, stakeholder involvement, and model of the leader's role) in the context of social identity theory. Methods: We employed a quantitative research design, surveying 300 middle-level employees in grades 11 to 16 from the University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire covering key leadership and trust dimensions. The data analysis utilized SPSS version 22 and ADANCO version 2.2, with structural equation modeling to test hypotheses. Results: Results show that organizational commitment is significantly influenced by stakeholder involvement (0.03 p-value) and ethical principles (0.00 p-value). The aggregate of virtues (0.79 p-value) and leadership role modeling (0.26 p-value) have an insignificant direct impact. However, trust significantly mediates the relationship between organizational commitment and stakeholder involvement (0.01 p-value). Trust’s mediation effect on the link between ethical principles and organizational commitment is minimal (0.04 p-value). Conclusion: This study suggests that implementing RL practices, particularly in stakeholder involvement and ethical leadership, enhances employee commitment. Responsible leadership cultivates a positive corporate image, attracting committed stakeholders. To maximize benefits, organizations should provide senior leaders with behavioral training in RL practices, fostering an environment that boosts employee loyalty. Leadership development programs should include modules on ethical decision-making, stakeholder communication, and trust-building strategies.

Women remain significantly underrepresented in the construction industry, particularly in the skilled trades. Through qualitative exploratory interviews with six women, this study investigates the career trajectories, worksite barriers, and motivational influences shaping women’s experiences in the construction skilled trades. The research is framed using Donald Super’s Life-Span, Life-Space theory and expectancy-value theory (EVT) to explore how career stages and career value affect women’s experiences. Participants described gender bias, limited mentorship, and restricted advancement opportunities as primary challenges. This study highlights the need for industry-led initiatives to increase early exposure to trades, improve mentorship and sponsorship programs, and create structured pathways for career advancement.

Abstract As part of an effort to identify astrometric evidence of an intermediate-mass black hole in 47Tuc, we construct a new velocity-dispersion profile for the innermost 30 ″ of the cluster using WFPC2 and WFC3 images spanning an unprecedented 22 yr time baseline. The WFPC2 exposures were processed using a deep-learning centering procedure as well as an improved astrometric calibration of the camera. The resulting velocity-dispersion profile has a 1 ″ spatial resolution and error bars that compare very favorably to prior studies.