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The first (vfluc1), second (v2), and third (v3) harmonic coefficients of the azimuthal particle distribution at midrapidity are extracted for charged hadrons and studied as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and mean charged particle multiplicity density ⟨Nch⟩ in U+U (√sNN=193 GeV), Au+Au, Cu+Au, Cu+Cu, d+Au, and p+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV with the STAR detector. For the same ⟨Nch⟩, the vfluc1 and v3 coefficients are observed to be independent of the collision system, while v2 exhibits such a scaling only when normalized by the initial-state eccentricity (ϵ2). The data also show that ln(v2/ϵ2) scales linearly with ⟨Nch⟩−1/3. These measurements provide insight into initial-geometry fluctuations and the role of viscous hydrodynamic attenuation on vn from small to large collision systems.

32 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Finch