School factors in substance abuse prevention among young male African Americans - Haynes, NM; Troutman, MR; Nwachuku, U (Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 1998)
Despite reports that substance abuse among young Americans is on the decline, the problem among young male African Americans continues to be of major concern. School-based prevention strategies offer promising alternatives for reducing the risk factors for substance abuse among this group. The most successful of these programs appear to be those that include the entire school ecology as part of the prevention strategy and focus on the unique psychosocial development needs of these youth. in this article we discuss the prevalence of substance abuse among male African American youth, examine school correlates and risk factors, and review school-based prevention strategies that have shown varying degrees of effectiveness in addressing the substance abuse problems, directly through changing values, attitudes, and behaviors, and indirectly by reducing risk factors and strengthening protective mechanisms.
1 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.unique-id: ISI:000073835700003
Keywords: dept.csp

Temporal analysis of remotely sensed image sequences - DaPonte, John S.; Vitale, Joseph N.; Parikh, Jo Ann; Tselioudis, George (Remote Sensing, 1999)
Temporal analysis has been applied to a sequence of cloud top pressure (CTP) images and cloud optical thickness (TAU) images stored in the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) D1 database located at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS). Each pixel in the D1 data set has a resolution of 2.5 degrees or 280 kilometers. These images were collected in consecutive three-hour intervals for the entire month of April 1989. The primary objective of this project was to develop a sequence of storm tracks from the satellite images to follow the formation, progression and dissipation of storm systems over time. Composite images where created by projecting ahead in time and substituting the first available valid pixel for missing data and a variety of CTP and TAU cut-off values were used to identify regions of interest. Region correspondences were determined from one time frame to another yielding the coordinates of storm centers. These tracks were compared to storm tracks computed from sea level pressure data obtain from the National Meteorological Center (NMC) for the same time period. The location of sea level storm center provides insight as to whether storms have occurred anywhere in a region and can be helpful in determining the presence or absence of storms in a general geographic region.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00225 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Climatology; Cloud optical thickness; Cloud top pressure (CTP) images; Clouds; Communication satellites; Remote sensing; Storms; dept.csc

Visualization of deep convective image sequences - DaPonte, John S.; Parikh, Jo Ann (Visual Information Processing VIII, 1999)
The primary objective of this project is to define a methodology to depict the motion of deep convective cloud systems as observed form satellite imagery. These clouds are defined as clusters of pixels with Cloud Top Pressure (IPC) <EQ 440 millibars and Cloud Optical Thickness (TAU) >= 23 which are high in the atmosphere and sufficiently thick to produce significant rainfall. Clouds are one of the major factors in understanding the earth's climate. Evaluating cloud motion is important in understanding atmospheric dynamics and visualizations are vital because they provide a good way to observe change. IPC and TAU values have been collected for April of 1989 from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project, low resolution database for the northern latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees. Each of the 240 IPC and 240 TAU images consisted of 12 rows and 144 columns with each pixel representing a 280 km square on the globe collected in three-hour intervals. Individual images were color coded according to land, sea and clouds before being put into motion. Six animations have been produced which start with the original images, progress to include daily composite images and culminate with a collage. Animations of the original images have the advantage of relatively short intervals between still frames but have many undefined pixels, which are eliminated in the composites. The results of this project can serve as an example of how to improve the visualization of time varying image sequences.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00232 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Animation; Atmospheric turbulence; Cloud motion dynamics; Cloud optical thickness; Cloud top pressure; Clouds; Database systems; Deep convective cloud systems; Image segmentation; Imaging systems; International satellite cloud climatology; Motion compensation; Satellite imagery; Time varying image sequences; Visualization; Weather satellites; dept.csc

Unsupervised classification techniques for determination of storm region correspondences - Parikh, Jo Ann; DaPonte, John S.; Vitale, Joseph N. (Applications and Science of Computational Intelligence II, 1999)
The objective of this study is to compare statistical and unsupervised neural network techniques for determination of correspondences between storm system regions extracted from sequences of satellite images. Analysis was applied to the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) low resolution D1 database for selected storm systems during the period April 5 - 9, 1989. Cloud top pressure was used to delineate regions of interest and cloud optical thickness combined with spatial location was used to track regions throughout a given time sequence. The ability of the k-nearest neighbor classifier and of self-organizing maps to determine correspondences between storm regions was assessed. The two techniques generally yielded similar associations between regions of interest throughout the time sequence. Differences in final tracking results between the two techniques occurred primarily as a result of differences in the collections of points from a region in a time step t2 that corresponded to a region in an earlier time step t1. The tracking results were also compared to the results obtained at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies using sea level pressure data from the National Meteorological Center (NMC). For the storm systems investigated in this study, the storm tracks exhibited the same general tracking behavior with expected variations between cloud system storm centers and low sea level pressure centers.
2 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/063-120-317-386-581, pop00190
Keywords: Algorithms; Climate change; Climatology; Feature extraction; Image processing; Mapping; Nearest neighbor classifier; Neural networks; Self organizing map; Storm tracking; Storms; dept.csc; ⛔ No DOI found

Building the bridge from classroom to industry - Lancor, Lisa; Karanian, B A (Frontiers in Education Conference, 1999)
A view of interactions in the undergraduate classroom is presented from several perspectives. Topics discussed include class perceptions of teacher as facilitator/authority/leader, grades versus performance appraisals, mixed-gender interactions, and subtle forms of cultural variations.
1 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.type: Proceedings paper
Keywords: Classroom strategies; Computer aided instruction; Engineering education; Interactive computer systems; Interactive discussions; Professional aspects; Strategic planning; Students; dept.csc; ⛔ No DOI found

Hybrid neural network techniques for storm system identification and tracking - Parikh, Jo Ann; Daponte, John S; Vitale, Joseph N (International Joint Conference on Neural Network, 1999)
Accurate identification and tracking of synoptic-scale storm systems in the northern midlatitudes is important for understanding the structure and movement of the midlatitude cloud field which plays a major role in climate change. In this paper, a hybrid neural network/genetic algorithm (NN/GA) approach is presented that analyzes the behavior of storm systems from one time frame to the next. The goal of the hybrid neural network algorithm is to improve classifier output by reducing the number of infeasible solutions using constraint optimization techniques. The input to the hybrid neural network algorithm is the output from a traditional backpropagation neural network. The hybrid NN/GA analyzes the backpropagation neural network output for logical consistencies and makes changes to the classification results based on strength of neural network classifications and satisfaction of logical constraints. The results are compared with classification results obtained using linear discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbor rule, and backpropagation neural network techniques.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.type: Proceedings paper
Keywords: Backpropagation; General circulation models; Genetic algorithms; Hybrid neural networks; Meteorology; Neural networks; Optimization; Storms; Tracking (position); dept.csc; ⛔ No DOI found

An evolutionary system for recognition and tracking of synoptic-scale storm systems - Parikh, Jo Ann; Daponte, John S; Vitale, Joseph N; Tselioudis, George (Pattern Recognition Letters, 1999)
An evolutionary system was developed for generation of complete tracks of northern midlatitude synoptic-scale storm systems based on optical flow and cloud motion analyses of global satellite-based datasets produced by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP). The tracking results were compared with low sea level pressure anomaly (SLPA) tracks obtained from the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS). The SLPA tracks were produced at GISS by analysis of meteorological, ground-based National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) datasets. Results from the evolutionary system were also compared with results from using (a) the k-nearest neighbor rule (k-NN) and (b) self-organizing maps (SOM) to determine correspondences between consecutive locations within a track. The consistency of our evolutionary storm tracking results with the behavior of the low sea level pressure anomaly tracks, the ability of our evolutionary system to generate and evaluate complete tracks, and the close comparison between the results obtained by the evolutionary, k-NN, and SOM analyses of the ISCCP-derived datasets at tracking steps in which proximity or optical flow information sufficed to determine movement, demonstrate the applicability and the potential of evolutionary systems for tracking midlatitude storm systems through low-resolution ISCCP cloud product datasets.
8 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/074-712-196-861-398 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Computational methods; Data structures; Image analysis; Nearest neighbor analysis; Optical flows; Pattern recognition systems; Self-organizing maps; Storms; Synoptic-scale storm systems; Weather forecasting; cloud; dept.csc; pattern recognition; satellite imagery; storm track; synoptic meteorology

College to work transitions: students draw their futures - Lancor, Lisa; Karanian, B A (Frontiers in Education Conference, 1998)
This preliminary investigation considers undergraduate student perceptions with respect to their professional future. `No one warned me it would be like this,' and `These are the things that college never taught me,' are typical comments that are heard from the young workforce. This paper addresses future plans and predictions of students from two New England institutions of higher learning by utilizing a variety of strategies. Methods to elicit data include in-class activities and carefully designed questionnaires. These exercises have been designed to uncover images and themes concerning transition from college to the workplace. Issues include technical and communication skills, leadership roles, corporate politics, group dynamics, and gender diversity in the workplace.
3 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.type: Proceedings paper
Keywords: Employment; Engineering education; Professional aspects; Student perceptions; Students; dept.csc

Application of evolutionary techniques to temporal classification of cloud systems using satellite imagery - Parikh, Jo Ann; Daponte, John S; Vitale, Joseph N; Tselioudis, George (Proceedings of SPIE, 1998)
The objective of this research is to automate the classification of the temporal behavior of storm cloud systems based on measurements derived from consecutive satellite images. The motivation behind this study is to develop improved descriptions of cloud dynamics which can be used in general circulation models for prediction of global climate change. Analysis was applied to the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) low resolution cloud top pressure database for the first six days in April, 1989. A total of 296 midlatitude storm cloud components were tracked between consecutive 3-hour time frames. For each pair of components, temporal correspondence events were classified as either 1.) direct, 2.) merge, 3.) split, or 4.) reject. The reject class, which was used primarily to categorize pairs of unrelated systems, included storm cloud system dissipation and creation as well. Statistical, neural network, and evolutionary techniques were developed for finding solutions to the storm cloud correspondence problem. Evolutionary techniques applied to the problem consisted of 1.) a constraint-handling hybrid evolutionary technique and 2.) a genetic local search algorithm. The results demonstrate the potential of evolutionary techniques to yield meteorologically-feasible solutions, given appropriate constraints, to the two-frame storm tracking problem. © 1998 SPIE. All rights reserved.
2 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/042-405-237-322-980 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Climate change; Climate models; Cloud tracking; Correspondence problem; Correspondence problems; Evolutionary techniques; General circulation model; Genetic algorithms; Genetic local search algorithm; Global climate changes; Image classification; International satellite cloud climatology projects; Neural networks; Satellite imagery; Storms; Temporal classification; dept.csc

Developing integrated Web and database applications using JAVA applets and JDBC drivers - Yang, Andrew; Linn, James; Quadrato, David (Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, 1998)
In this paper we have discussed different types of JDBC drivers under the context of a two-tier client/server model. However, it is entirely possible to use them to develop a multi-tier client/server application. The integration of web servers with database servers via the use of JAVA applets and JDBC drivers is useful for the teaching of database programming and web-based application development. The applet that we have developed, along with our experience of configuring the JDBC and JAVA environment, was used in a database course. Students built more complicated database/web applications on top of this sample applet. Future extension of our work may involve the following items: • the security implication of using JDBC drivers in a multiple, heterogeneous DBMS environment • the possible interaction of JDBC with firewalls and proxy servers • the evaluation of JDBC drivers under the context of real-world applications, especially their reliability and performance.
2 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.type: Proceedings paper
Keywords: Computer science; Database systems; High level languages; Java database connectivity (JDBC) drivers; Java programming language; Object oriented programming; Wide area networks; dept.csc

Analysis and classification of remote-sensed cloud imagery - DaPonte, John S.; Vitale, Joseph N.; Tselioudis, George; Rossow, William B. (Applications and Science of Artificial Neural Networks III, 1997)
The objective of this research is to automate the classification of clouds from satellite images providing a method for studying their properties over time. Analysis was applied to the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) low resolution (2.5 degrees per pixel) database for January 1987. Our approach differs from earlier studies by taking advantage of cloud top pressure and optical thickness from the ISCCP database, providing more accurate measures of cloud height with less dependency on the sun's angle of illumination. A total of 365 regions of interest (ROI), each classified Storm or Non Storm were used in the analysis. The algorithms used were Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network and Nearest Neighbor Pattern Classification. Each ROI was assigned on identification number between 1 and 365. One third of the ROIs were randomly selected for testing using a random number generator and the remaining ROIs were assigned to be training set. This process was repeated 29 times resulting in a mean classification error of 5.76% for the nearest neighbor algorithm and 3.97% for the backpropagation neural network.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/118-742-424-291-297, pop00195
Keywords: Backpropagation; Climatology; Clouds; Database systems; Image classification; Image processing; International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project; Multilayers; Neural networks; Random number generation; Remote sensing; Satellites; Testing; dept.csc

Comparison of genetic algorithm systems with neural network and statistical techniques for analysis of cloud structures in midlatitude storm systems - Parikh, Jo Ann; Daponte, J S; Vitale, Joseph N; Tselioudis, George (Pattern Recognition Letters, 1997)
Cloud analyses provide information which is vital to the detection, understanding and prediction of meteorological trends and environmental changes. This paper compares statistical, neural network and genetic algorithm methods for recognition and tracking of midlatitude storm clouds in sequences of low-resolution cloud-top pressure data sets. Regions of interest are identified and tracked from one image frame to the next consecutive frame in an eight-frame sequence. Classification techniques are used to determine the relationships between regions of interest in consecutive time frames. A genetic algorithm procedure is then used to revise classifier outputs to ensure that consistency constraints are not violated. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
6 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/138-693-531-878-293 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Climate change; Cloud tracking; Clouds; Data sets; General circulation model; Genetic algorithm; Genetic algorithms; Midlatitude storm systems; Neural network; Neural networks; Pattern recognition; Storms; dept.csc

Texture analysis of ultrasonic images using backpropagation neural networks - Parikh, Jo Ann; Daponte, John S; Damodaran, Meledath (International Conference on Semantic Computing, 1995)
Backpropagation neural networks are applied to the problem of characterization of ultrasonic image texture to detect abnormalities in tissue texture which are indicative of liver disease. Twenty-one texture features were extracted from regions of interest in digitized ultrasonic images. A feature subset, identified by a stepwise selection process, formed the sample input to the networks together with the physician-supplied diagnosis. The classification performance of the backpropagation network is evaluated using a jackknife testing procedure. The performance of the networks is compared with results obtained from linear discriminant analysis and logistic regression techniques. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1995.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.type: Proceedings paper
Keywords: Back propagation neural networks; Backpropagation; Backpropagation network; Classification performance; Computer graphics; Diagnosis; Discriminant analysis; Image analysis; Image texture; Linear discriminant analysis; Logistic regressions; Neural networks; Regions of interest; Testing procedure; Texture analysis; Ultrasonic applications; Ultrasonic imaging; dept.csc

Pancreatic cancer among workers processing synthetic resins - Selenskas, Sandra; Teta, M Jane; Vitale, Joseph N (American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1995)
A nested case‐control study was conducted to investigate whether an excess of pancreatic cancer, identified in a cohort mortality study with follow‐up from 1946 through 1988. was associated with potential workplace exposures at a New Jersey plastics manufacturing and research and development facility. The study population included 28 male pancreatic cancer cases and 140 randomly selected controls, matched on year of birth and at risk (alive) at the time of the case death. Using plant work history records, department assignments for the two groups were compared according to duration and time since first assignment. Workers assigned to a work area that processed vinyl resins and polyethylene (PE) were shown to be at increased risk. Men assigned more than 16 years to this department had a significantly increased risk ratio of 7.15 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.28–40.1). No excess was seen with shorter duration assignments. Seven of the nine cases began working in this area in the 1940s. Average latency was 32 years, and all but three cases worked 20 years or more in this unit. Over the study period, significant exposure‐related process changes occurred, in addition to the use of numerous chemical additives. Although vinyl and PE processing operations could not be analyzed separately, the pancreatic cancer excess is more likely to be related to vinyl processing. Identification of a causative agent or combination of agents would require investigations with more detailed exposure information. Copyright © 1995 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company
34 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/025-244-367-871-530 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Aged; Aged; 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Human; Male; Middle Age; Occupational Diseases; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Polyethylenes; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Vinyl Compounds; adult; aged; article; cancer mortality; cancer risk; case control study; case‐control study; controlled study; dept.csc; diethylhexyl phthalate; female; human; industry; major clinical study; male; occupational cancer; occupational exposure; occupational hazard; pancreas cancer; pancreatic neoplasm; plasticizer; plastics; polyethylene derivative; polyvinyl chloride; vinyl derivative

Ultrasonic image texture classification using Markov random field models - DaPonte, John S.; Parikh, Jo Ann; Vitale, Joseph N.; Decker, James (Applications of Artificial Neural Networks V, 1994)
Over the past several years we have been interested in the supervised classification of ultrasonic images of the liver based on quantitative texture features. Our most recent efforts are concerned with the inclusion of features computed from Markov random fields. After adding four such features to our existing model containing 17 features, we employed stepwise discriminant analysis to identify the features that could best discriminate among 184 previously classified normal and abnormal ultrasonic images. Three of the four features derived from Markov random field models were identified by stepwise discriminant analysis as being good discrimination along with 6 existing features. From these results we constructed a backpropagation neural network with an input layer consisting of 9 nodes. We found that this new model yielded slightly better results when compared to earlier models. Our most recent results yielded a sensitivity of 81%, a specificity of 77% and an overall accuracy of 79%.
1 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/062-226-956-800-928, pop00076
Keywords: Back propagation neural networks; Discriminant analysis; Good discriminators; Image classification; Image segmentation; Image texture; Image texture classification; Markov Random Field model; Markov Random Fields; Markov processes; Multilayer neural networks; Overall accuracies; Stepwise discriminant analysis; Supervised classification; Textures; Ultrasonic imaging; dept.csc

Hybrid systems for constraint-based spatial reasoning - Parikh, Jo Ann (Machine Intelligence and Pattern Recognition, 1994)
Constraint-based spatial reasoning problems frequently arise in the area of military mission planning. In this domain, mission planners employ complex criteria, which may include numeric and optimization constraints in addition to logical constraints and rules, to develop engineering construction and resource deployment plans. Automated planning aid systems for the military must have the capability to represent the various types of constraints used in human decision-making and must be able to provide efficient and optimal or near optimal solutions to the resulting constraint satisfaction problems. This paper describes a methodology for transforming constraint satisfaction problems into nonlinear optimization problems and for solving the resulting optimization problems using a hybrid neural network/genetic algorithm procedure. The method is applied to illustrative problems which employ different types of constraints for determination of future construction sites. The results of the experiments demonstrate the potential of this methodology for finding feasible and optimal solutions to nonlinear optimization problems. © 1994, Elsevier B.V.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/035-294-061-744-190 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.csc

Evaluation of the fractal dimension as a pattern recognition feature using neural networks - Daponte, John S; Parikh, Jo Ann; Decker, James; Vitale, Joseph N (Proceedings of SPIE, 1993)
In the past fractal dimension has often been computed using a stochastic approach based on a random walk process, which has been found to be very time consuming. More recently, mathematical morphology has been used to compute the fractal dimension in a more timely fashion. This paper describes how the fractal dimension computed using mathematical morphology can be used in the texture analysis of ultrasonic imagery. The discriminatory ability of the fractal dimension as a pattern recognition feature is evaluated and compared to more traditional parameters. This analysis includes comparisons with statistical features in which each parameter is treated as an independent variable and in which interactions between those variables are evaluated. Pattern recognition techniques include Stepwise Discriminant Analysis, Linear Discriminant Analysis, and Nearest Neighbor Analyisis in addition to Backpropagation Neural Network Classifiers. Our results identify the fractal dimension as one of the most important parameters for distinguishing between normal and abnormal livers. In this study, consisting of 186 images, a significant statistical difference was found for both the mean and standard deviation of the fractal dimension between the normal and abnormal groups using parametric and nonparametric statistical techniques. © 1993 SPIE. All rights reserved.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/113-246-779-261-025 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Back propagation neural networks; Backpropagation; Discriminant analysis; Fractal dimension; Independent variables; Linear discriminant analysis; Mathematical morphology; Mean and standard deviations; Morphology; Neural networks; Pattern recognition; Pattern recognition techniques; Statistical differences; Statistical techniques; Stepwise discriminant analysis; Stochastic systems; Textures; dept.csc

Neural network solutions to logic programs with geometric constraints - Parikh, Jo Ann; Werkheiser, Anne; Subrahmanian, V S (Proceedings of SPIE, 1993)
Hybrid knowledge bases (HKBs), proposed by Nerode and Subrahmanian, provide a uniform theoretical framework for dealing with the mixed data types and multiple reasoning modes required for solving logical deployment problems. Algorithms based on mixed integer linear programming techniques have been developed for the syntactic subset of HKBs corresponding to function-free Prolog-like logic programs. In this study, we examine the ability of neural networks to solve a more comprehensive set of problems expressed within the hybrid knowledge base framework. The objective of this research is to design and implement a nonlinear optimization procedure for solving extended logic programs with neural networks. We focus upon two types of extensions which are typically required in the formulation of logical deployment problems. The first type of extension, which we shall refer to as a Type I extension, consists of embedding numerical and geometric constraints into logic programs. The second type of extension, which we shall call a Type II extension, consists of incorporating optimization problems into logic clauses. © 1993 SPIE. All rights reserved.
1 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/006-720-998-107-50X tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Computer circuits; Deployment problems; Design and implements; Geometric constraint; Integer programming; Knowledge based systems; Logic programming; Mixed-integer linear programming techniques; Network solutions; Neural networks; Non-linear optimization; Nonlinear programming; Optimization problems; PROLOG (programming language); Theoretical framework; dept.csc

Selective detection of linear features in geological remote sensing data - Parikh, Jo Ann; DaPonte, John S.; DiNicola, Emily G.; Pedersen, Robert A. (Proceedings of SPIE, 1992)
One of the major problems in the development of computer- A ssisted systems for geologic mapping is how to individualize the system to meet user needs. Ideally, the system should be responsive to specifications of desired types of output structures. Also the system should be able to incorporate the user's knowledge of regional characteristics into the feature extraction/selection and classification components. Automatic techniques for classification of remote sensing data typically require relatively large, labeled training sets which are well-organized with respect to the desired mapping between input and output patterns. The present paper focuses on the feature extraction/selection component of the system. Kohonen self-organizing feature maps in conjunction with image processing procedures for linear feature extraction are used for explorative data analysis, feature selection, and construction of exemplar patterns. The results of training Kohonen feature maps with different pattern sets and different feature combinations provide insight into the nature of pattern relationships which enables the user to develop sets of positive and negative training patterns for the classification component. © 1992 SPIE. All rights reserved.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00033 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Automatic technique; Classification (of information); Conformal mapping; Data mining; Explorative data analysis; Extraction; Feature extraction; Feature extraction/selection; Image processing; Kohonen self-organizing feature map; Linear feature extraction; Regional characteristics; Remote sensing; Remote sensing data; Selective detection; Self organizing maps; dept.csc

Detection of liver metastisis using the backpropagation algorithm and linear discriminant analysis - Daponte, John S; Parikh, Jo Ann; Katz, David A (Applications of Artificial Neural Networks II, 1991)
The purpose of this study was to compare the classification capabilities of the backpropagation algorithm and linear discriminant analysis for detecting liver metastisis using image texture features obtained from ultrasonic images of the liver. Twenty-one quantitative parameters were obtained from 134 regions of interest of equal size. The images were collected by the same radiologist on the same imager with the controls adjusted for variations in patient body size so as to produce images of consistent quality. Quantitative features were divided so that 13 were first-order statistics, 6 were second-order statistics, and 2 were image gradient parameters. The same features were processed by both the backpropagation algorithm and linear discriminant analysis using `jack-knife'' testing and the results of each computer- generated classification was compared to the supplied diagnosis in an effort to determine which method could best identify patterns. For this particular application, the backpropagation neural network was found to have slightly superior classification results (87) than linear discriminant analysis (83).
1 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: daponteDetectionLiverMetastisis1991, lens.org/021-367-922-786-875
Keywords: Backpropagation; Biomedical Engineering; Linear Discriminant Analysis; Medical Imaging; Neural Networks - Medical Applications; Pattern Classification; Pattern Recognition - Medical Applications; dept.csc

Classification of ultrasonic image texture by statistical discriminant analysis and neural networks - Daponte, John S; Sherman, Porter (Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, 1991)
In this paper the ability of two common statistical discriminant analysis procedures are compared with two commercial neural network software packages. The major objective of this study was to determine which of the procedures could best discriminate between normal and abnormal ultrasonic liver textures. The same set of features were input into both statistical discriminant analysis procedures and both neural network models. Preliminary results have found the restricted Coulomb Energy (RCE) neural network model to have a testing accuracy of 90.6% which is approximately 10% better than any of the other techniques investigated. © 1991.
31 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/028-179-351-770-197 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Algorithms; Artificial Intelligence; Computer Programming - Algorithms; Discriminant Analysis; Human; Image Processing; Computer-Assisted; Image Texture; Image texture; Imaging Techniques; Linear Discriminant Analysis; Linear discriminant analysis; Liver; Liver Diseases; Models; Biological; Nearest Neighbor Analysis; Nearest neighbor analysis; Neural Networks - Medical Applications; Neural networks; Pattern Recognition; Reference Values; Software; Support; Non-U.S. Gov't; Ultrasonic Applications - Medical Applications; Ultrasonic Image Texture; Ultrasound; article; artificial intelligence; dept.csc; echography; image analysis; priority journal; tissue characterization

Comparison of backpropagation neural networks and statistical techniques for analysis of geological features in Landsat imagery - Parikh, Jo Ann; Daponte, John S; Damodaran, Meledath; Karageorgiou, Angelos; Podaras, Petros (Applications of Artificial Neural Networks II, 1991)
Backpropagation neural networks have been developed for detection of geological lineaments in the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery of the Canadian Shield using edge images as input and digitized lineament maps as the desired output. Lineament detection is a challenging problem for traditional image processing and pattern recognition techniques. Many linear features observable in geological image data do not represent lineaments, and the presence and extent of lineaments must be inferred from contextual information. In order to compare the ability of neural networks and conventional classifiers to recognize lineaments prior to performing edge/line element grouping operations, various gradient and curvature features are extracted from the image data set. Selected features from this group formed the inputs to backpropagation neural networks, linear discriminant classifiers, and nearest-neighbor classifiers. The neural network results were compared with the results obtained using conventional classifiers for sample training and test sets. The trained neural network was then applied to the edge image to mask out those edge points which had been classified as non- lineament points.
1 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/026-277-784-091-057
Keywords: Artificial Neural Networks; Backpropagation; Feature Extraction; Geological Features; Geological Surveys; Image Processing - Image Analysis; Landsat Imagery; Learning Systems; Neural Networks - Applications; Pattern Recognition; Statistical Analysis; dept.csc

Application of neural networks to pattern recognition problems in remote sensing and medical imagery - Parikh, Jo Ann; DaPonte, John S.; Damodaran, Meledath; Sherman, Porter (Applications of Artificial Neural Networks, 1990)
The primary objective of this research is the development and testing of neural network models for two fundamental computer vision tasks: edge/line detection and texture analysis. In order to test the ability of the neural network models to detect patterns in images we used both remote sensing data and medical imagery. Neural network models for edge and line detection were used to detect geological lineaments in Landsat data. Neural network models for the analysis of image texture variations were used on ultrasonic images to distinguish patients with normal liver scans from patients with diffuse liver disease. 1.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/084-347-075-228-270, pop00116
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence–Applications; Artificial Neural Networks; Computer Vision; Edge/Line Detection; Imaging Techniques–Medical Applications; Medical Imagery; Neural Networks; Pattern Recognition; Pattern Recognition Systems; Remote Sensing; Texture Analysis; dept.csc

Multiplex developmental disorders: the role of communication in the construction of a self - Paul, Rhea; Cohen, Donald J.; Klin, Ami; Volkmar, Fred R. (Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 1999)
This article discusses the integration of various aspects of the child's development, particularly the development of language and communication and the way in which these developments interact to enable the child to construct a coherent sense of self. Multiplex developmental disorder is presented as an example of a disorder that affects several of these crucial strands of development. Recent research and controversies regarding the diagnostic descriptions of multiplex and other pervasive developmental disorders are presented. This discussion is used to illustrate the ways in which such disorders affect not only the individual aspects of development, but the child's ability to form a cohesive sense of self. The implications of these difficulties in self-definition for treating children with disorders that affect a variety of aspects of development are also discussed.
8 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00136 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: *Communication Disorders/di [Diagnosis]; *Developmental Disabilities/di [Diagnosis]; Child; Child Development Disorders; Pervasive/co [Complications]; Child Development Disorders; Pervasive/di [Diagnosis]; Child Development Disorders; Pervasive/px [Psychology]; Child; Preschool; Communication Disorders/et [Etiology]; Communication Disorders/px [Psychology]; Developmental Disabilities/co [Complications]; Developmental Disabilities/px [Psychology]; Humans; Infant; Language Development; affective neurosis; attention deficit disorder; autism; child; cognitive defect; communication disorder; dept.cmd; developmental disorder; disease association; human; mental disease; mental performance; neuropsychiatry; priority journal; review; schizophrenia; social behavior; symptomatology

Communication disorders and children with mental retardation - Cascella, Paul W (Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 1999)
This article examines the communication styles of children with mental retardation, emphasizing the assessment and intervention protocols used by health and education professionals. This article highlights the following approaches: a developmental psycholinguistic orientation, a pragmatics approach, and a supportive interdependent format consistent with the 1992 revision of how mental retardation is classified. This article discusses children with mental retardation who show challenging and disruptive behavior.
7 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Place: United States Cascella, P W. Department of Communication Disorders, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, USA.
Keywords: *Communication Disorders/co [Complications]; *Intellectual Disability/co [Complications]; Child; Child; Preschool; Communication Disorders/di [Diagnosis]; Communication Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation]; Humans; Infant; Infant; Newborn; Intellectual Disability/rh [Rehabilitation]; Language Tests; Models; Psychological; Psycholinguistics; auditory memory; communication disorder; dept.cmd; interpersonal communication; language; learning; mental deficiency; priority journal; recall; review; social interaction

Assessing communication in children with psychiatric and communication disorders - Kennedy, MD (Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 1999)
This article presents issues related to the communication assessment of children with psychiatric and communication disorders. Challenges inherent in assessing this population are discussed. Frequently used assessment instruments and procedures are described. Consideration is given to the assessment of very young or low-functioning children and older or high-functioning children.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Place: United States Kennedy, M D. Department of Communication Disorders, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, USA.
Keywords: *Communication Disorders/di [Diagnosis]; *Language Tests; *Mental Disorders/co [Complications]; *Psychometrics/mt [Methods]; Adolescent; Asperger syndrome; Child; Child Development Disorders; Pervasive/co [Complications]; Child Development Disorders; Pervasive/di [Diagnosis]; Child; Preschool; Communication Disorders/co [Complications]; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders/di [Diagnosis]; adolescent; case report; communication disorder; data analysis; dept.cmd; developmental disorder; differential diagnosis; human; intelligence; language ability; male; mental disease; mental task; phonetics; priority journal; problem solving; psychiatric diagnosis; review; school child; speech articulation; speech therapy; standardization; verbal communication

Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America: Preface - Paul, R. (Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 1999)
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31]
Keywords: attention deficit disorder; autism; behavior disorder; child psychiatry; cognitive defect; communication disorder; dept.cmd; editorial; mental deficiency; mental disease; priority journal; reading; speech disorder

Discussion: Early speech perception and production - Paul, R. (Journal of Communication Disorders, 1999)
2 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31]
Keywords: Communication Disorders; Humans; Infant; Infant Behavior; Language Development; Parents; Verbal Behavior; conference paper; dept.cmd; human; infancy; infant; language development; speech development

Assessing speech, language, and communication - Paul, R.; Marans, W.D. (Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 1999)
This article discusses the assessment of communication skills in children from birth to 5 years of age. The different methods appropriate for different developmental levels and the relationship of collateral areas, such as hearing, cognition, and speech motor control to the communication process, are addressed. The need for standardized and informal measures is emphasized Case studies are presented to illustrate the principles outlined.
1 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31]
Keywords: *Language Development Disorders/di [Diagnosis]; *Mental Disorders/co [Complications]; *Speech Disorders/di [Diagnosis]; Child; Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant; Newborn; Language Development Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control]; Language Development Disorders/px [Psychology]; Language Tests; Male; Mental Disorders/di [Diagnosis]; Nonverbal Communication; Psycholinguistics; Speech Disorders/px [Psychology]; child; child development; dept.cmd; human; infant; intelligence; language disability; medical record; mental disease; priority journal; review; skill; speech articulation; speech disorder; verbal communication

Communication and its disorders - Paul, R.; Rubin, E. (Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 1999)
This article defines communication and describes its various disorders. Some of these disorders are associated with other DSM-IV conditions, such as mental retardation or pervasive developmental disorder. Others are specific to the language-learning process. The interactions between communication and psychiatric disorders are discussed. Suggestions for integrating treating approaches among communication disorders and mental health professionals are presented.
1 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31]
Keywords: *Communication Disorders; Child; Child Abuse; Child Development; Communication Disorders/ep [Epidemiology]; Communication Disorders/et [Etiology]; Communication Disorders/px [Psychology]; Comorbidity; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant; Newborn; Mental Disorders/ep [Epidemiology]; Nervous System Diseases/co [Complications]; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Socioeconomic Factors; affective neurosis; autism; brain injury; cerebrovascular accident; child abuse; cocaine; communication disorder; cultural anthropology; dept.cmd; developmental disorder; economic aspect; fetal alcohol syndrome; hearing impairment; interpersonal communication; language disability; mental deficiency; mental disease; mutism; prenatal drug exposure; priority journal; review; social problem; speech disorder; visual impairment

Treatment Efficacy Cognitive-Communicative disorders resulting from traumatic brain injury in adults - Coelho, Carl A; Deruyter, Frank; Stein, Margo (Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 1996)
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) may result in a broad array of cognitive-communicative impairments. Cognitive-communicative impairments are the result of deficits in linguistic and nonlinguistic cognitive functions. The speech-language pathologist functions as a member of the multidisciplinary team of professionals that collaboratively assess and treat individuals with TBI. The role of the speech-language pathologist includes assessment of all aspects of communication, as well as the communicative implications of cognitive deficits, and swallowing; treatment planning and programming, as determined by the individual's stage of recovery; client and family training/counseling; and interdisciplinary consultation. The effectiveness of speech and language intervention for specific cognitive deficits (e.g., attention, memory, executive functions) as well as general issues of social-skills training and early intervention are illustrated by scientific and clinical evidence from group-treatment and single-subject studies as well as case studies.
46 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/044-522-997-910-510 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: *Brain Injuries/co [Complications]; *Cognition Disorders/et [Etiology]; *Cognition Disorders/th [Therapy]; *Communication Disorders/et [Etiology]; *Communication Disorders/th [Therapy]; Activities of Daily Living; Brain Injuries; Brain Injuries/pp [Physiopathology]; Cognition Disorders; Cognitive rehabilitation; Communication Disorders; Communication disorders; Humans; Intervention studies; Speech Therapy; Traumatic brain injury; Treatment Outcome; Treatment outcome; adult; article; attention; brain injury; cognitive defect; communication disorder; consultation; counseling; daily life activity; dept.cmd; female; human; linguistics; major clinical study; male; memory; quality of life; social adaptation; speech therapy; treatment outcome; treatment planning; ⛔ No DOI found

An Investigation of a Method of Simplified Scoring for the Kaufman Hand Movements Test as a Measure of Limb Apraxia: - Neiman, Michael R.; Duffy, Robert J.; Belanger, Steven A.; Coelho, Carl A. (Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1996)
A simplified, 3-category method for scoring the Kaufman Hand Movements test was devised to replace a previously used, more complex 21-category scoring method. The concurrent validity and diagnostic sensitivity of the rescored test as a measure of limb apraxia were investigated in a reanalysis of the test protocols of 23 aphasic adults. Using the Limb Apraxia Test as the criterion measure, a Pearson r of .71 and predictive validity of 100% were obtained. These results encourage further investigation of the Kaufman Hand Movements lest as an efficient measure of limb apraxia.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31]
Keywords: Adult; Aged; Aphasia; Apraxias; Dominance; Cerebral; Female; Humans; Imitative Behavior; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Skills; Neuropsychological Tests; Observer Variation; Orientation; Psychometrics; adult; aged; aphasia; apraxia; article; dept.cmd; female; hemispheric dominance; human; imitation; male; middle aged; motor performance; neuropsychological test; observer variation; orientation; psychometry; statistics

Impairments of discourse abilities and executive functions in traumatically brain-injured adults. - Coelho, Carl A; Liles, Betty Z; Duffy, Robert J (Brain Injury, 1995)
Preliminary findings from an ongoing investigation of the potential relationship between narrative discourse performance and executive functions in adults with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are reported. Narrative stories were elicited from 32 adults with TBI. Stories were analysed at three levels: sentence production, intersentential cohesive adequacy, and story episode structure. These measures were then correlated with scores from the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the primary measure of executive function. A significant correlation was noted between a factor score from the WCST and the measure of story structure, but not sentence production or cohesive adequacy. These results suggest that executive functions may be a promising avenue to pursue in the search for underlying causal factors of narrative discourse dysfunction and, therefore to better delineate the nature of communicative deficits secondary to TBI.
93 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Place: England Coelho, C A. Communication Disorders Department, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven 06515, USA.
Keywords: *Aphasia; Broca/di [Diagnosis]; *Brain Damage; Chronic/di [Diagnosis]; *Brain Injuries/di [Diagnosis]; *Neuropsychological Tests; *Problem Solving; *Speech Production Measurement; Adolescent; Adult; Aphasia; Broca/px [Psychology]; Aphasia; Broca/rh [Rehabilitation]; Brain Damage; Chronic/px [Psychology]; Brain Damage; Chronic/rh [Rehabilitation]; Brain Injuries/px [Psychology]; Brain Injuries/rh [Rehabilitation]; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; adolescent; adult; article; brain injury; clinical article; dept.cmd; female; human; male; speech analysis; speech articulation; speech disorder

Discourse production deficits following traumatic brain injury: A critical review of the recent literature - Coelho, Carl A (Aphasiology, 1995)
This review analyses several recent studies of discourse deficits subsequent to traumatic brain injury. The review describes methodological problems related to incomplete subject descriptions, use of different discourse elicitation tasks and analyses, and examines the findings from each study by level of analysis. The limitations of these findings are discussed and general conclusions regarding discourse abilities following traumatic brain injury are offered. Implications for future research are also presented.
53 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/023-484-036-629-272 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: aphasia; brain injury; conversation; dept.cmd; dysarthria; human; injury scale; language disability; peer-reviewed; review

The development of literacy in individuals with severe congenital speech and motor impairments - Foley, B.E. (Topics in Language Disorders, 1993)
39 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31]
Keywords: dept.cmd

A multicultural annotative bibliography of voice and voice disorders - Dejarnette, Glenda (Howard Journal of Communications, 1992)
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/007-333-150-134-195 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: African american voice; Asian american voice; Hispanic voice; Multicultural voice; Multicultural voice disorders; Native american voice; dept.cmd

Computer‐assisted tracking simulation (CATS) - Dempsey, James J.; Levitt, Harry; Josephson, Judith; Porrazzo, Josephine (The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992)
The tracking technique involves a sender reading consecutive segments from a story and a receiver attempting to repeat each segment verbatim. The reliability and validity of the tracking procedure have been criticized based upon uncontrolled variables such as sender, receiver, and text characteristics. To address these problems, a computer-assisted interactive tracking simulation (CATS) system has been developed in which story segments are presented to the receiver via a video laser disc system and repair strategies are implemented through a computer program.
5 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: ISI:A1992JG99200008 tex.unique-id: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.cmd

An introduction to issues of habitat fragmentation relative to transportation corridors with special reference to high-speed rail (HSR) - De Santo, R.S.; Smith, D.G. (Environmental Management, 1993)
Potential environmental impacts on wildlife result from siting and construction (short-term impacts) and habitat removal and fragmentation (long-term impacts) as a consequence of transportation corridor construction. Especially in rural districts, wildlife migration corridors and dispersal orientation are altered or destroyed and wildlife populations and their gene pools are isolated. This significantly weakens the wildlife community. Prudent selection of construction corridors reduces fragmentation impacts by maximizing preserved fragment sizes, and by running parallel to, not through, natural areas. Corridor width determines the degree to which wildlife movement is restricted except that culverts, underpasses, overpasses, and one-way gates, can aid wildlife in cross movements. Minimum underpass dimensions for large wildlife should be no smaller than 14 ft×14 ft and should include natural substratum inverts. Rail corridors have four characteristics that minimize adverse environmental impacts. The railbed is dry, ballast fillters runoff, there is little runoff beyond the toe of slope, and drainage ditches serve to control sheet flow and erosion, sediment movement, and uncontrolled channel flow. Rail corridors usually occupy smaller land areas because they are narrower and are more feasible to elevate so as to allow free movement of wildlife across the corridor. © 1993 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
13 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31]
Keywords: Environmental impacts; Habitat fragmentation; High-speed rail (HSR); animal; corridor; dept.bio; environmental impact assessment; forest; habitat fragmentation; note; railway; siting; species; united states; wildlife

Niche overlap of two sympatric‐nesting hawks Accipiter spp. in the New Jersey‐New York Highlands - Bosakowski, Thomas; Smith, Dwight G; Speiser, Robert (Ecography, 1992)
The food and habitat niches of two nesting species of hawks Accipiter spp were studied in an extensively forested area of the Eastern Deciduous Forest Biome Nesting habitat was quantitated at 19 Cooper s hawk A cooperu nests and 16 northern goshawk A gentilis nests There was no significant trend for Cooper's hawks to nest in less mature forests than northern goshawks as reported previously for western North America Forest habitats did not differ markedly except that shrub cover was greater at Cooper's hawk nest sites, which were also on flatter terrain and closer to roads, forest openings, and human habitation However, these few differences resulted m reducing habitat‐niche overlap considerably (0 538), as was calculated using principal components analysis Mean prey weight was significantly larger for the northern goshawk which follows its 2 2‐fold body weight advantage over Cooper's hawk Although bird prey was of primary importance to both Accipiter, goshawks took twice the proportion of mammals compared to their smaller congener Food‐niche overlap was lowest by prey species overlap (0 470), followed by prey size class overlap (0 529), and highest by vertical foraging zone overlap (0 816) The Cooper's hawk showed the greatest niche breadth for both food and habitat niches indicating it as more of a generalist Overall, niche complementarity of food and habitat dimensions resulted in niche overdispersion along food and habitat dimensions with a total niche overlap (0 504) that was below the competition threshold These results suggested that competition (past and current) was responsible for segregating niches Copyright © 1992, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
19 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/084-156-083-755-941 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Accipiter cooperii; Accipiter gentilis; Cooper's hawk; USA; New Jersey; USA; New York; dept.bio; goshawk; hawk; niche overlap; northern goshawk

The archaeological implications of water-cached hyena kills - Selvaggio, M.M. (Current Anthropology, 1998)
11 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31]
Keywords: dept.ant

Concerning the three stage model of carcass processing at FLKZinjanthropus: A reply to Capaldo - Selvaggio, Marie M (Journal of Human Evolution, 1998)
17 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/004-801-145-000-921 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Animals; Anthropology; Carnivora; Feeding Behavior; Fossils; Hominidae; Humans; Models; Biological; animal; anthropology; biological model; dept.ant; feeding behavior; fossil; hominid; human; note; peer-reviewed; ⛔ No DOI found

Evidence for a three-stage sequence of hominid and carnivore involvement with long bones at FLKZinjanthropus, olduvai gorge, tanzania - Selvaggio, Marie M (Journal of Archaeological Science, 1998)
The order in which hominids and carnivores had access to Plio-Pleistocene bone assemblages has defied interpretation despite attempts to decipher their sequence from element frequencies or by comparing ancient butchery marks with modern ones. Data from two simulations in which experimental stone-tool butchery of long bones occurred after carcasses were defleshed by large free-ranging East African carnivores are here compared to data from the FLK Zinjanthropus bone assemblage from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. One experimental sample simulated two stages of tissue removal; defleshing of long bones by carnivores, followed by tool-assisted flesh-scrap removal and marrow extraction. A second simulated three stages of tissue removal; the first two stages the same as the first sample, plus a third stage in which bone-crunching carnivores ravaged the remains. Carnivore ravaging is demonstrated to result in additional tooth marks on epiphyseal fragments, but does not significantly alter the incidence of defleshing tooth marks or butchery marks on midshafts. The Zinjanthropus sample is similar to the three-stage simulation in its proportion of epiphyseal relative to midshaft fragments, and for the incidence of midshafts bearing tooth marks and butchery marks. © 1998 Academic Press Limited.
86 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/054-024-831-197-63X tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Butchery Marks; Carnivore Tooth Marks; Experimental Archaeology; Pleistocene; Pliocene; Scavenging; Site Formation; Tanzania; Taphonomy; archaeology; bone assemblage; dept.ant; taphonomy

Satisfy customers while speeding R&D and staying profitable - Curtis, Carey C; Ellis, Lynn W (Research-technology Management, 1998)
Studies of innovation management effectiveness pinpoint specific practices that will allow companies to increase customer satisfaction and pursue a strategy of speedy R&D-without compromising profitability. The two practices that accomplish this end, when used moderately (although not universally), are Quality Function Deployment for project selection and Stage-Gate Tracking for controlling development. Companies that use Internal Rate of Return as a criterion for project selection have also been found to be move profitable.
17 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/036-185-376-174-974 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Customer satisfaction; Industrial economics; Profitability; Quality function deployment; Research and development management; Strategic planning; dept.acc

The influence of career stage on the work attitudes of male and female accounting professionals - Lynn, Susan A; Cao, Le Thi; Horn, Betty C (Journal of Organizational Behavior, 1996)
The present study compared work commitments, overall job satisfaction, intrinsic and extrinsic rewards satisfactions, and organizational and professional turnover intentions of 718 male and female accounting professionals at different career stages. Career stage was measured by professional tenure. The results indicate that there are some differences in work attitudes across career stages for male accounting professionals. Job involvement, organizational commitment, and intrinsic and extrinsic rewards satisfaction are positively related to professional tenure. Organizational turnover intentions are negatively related to professional tenure for male accounting professionals. There are no significant differences in work attitudes across career stages for female accounting professionals, An examination of reasons for differences in work attitude patterns between male and female accountants suggests the need for research to determine whether later career stages (advancement and maintenance) differ for men and women. The results also suggest that future research should consider defining career stage in terms of the overlap between stages defined using alternate career stage measures.
60 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/075-042-011-165-561 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.acc

Collecting Citations from Text - Hedreen, Rebecca (2020)
Basic steps and scripts used for translating text citations to bibtex files suitable for loading into citation management software or citation analysis scripts. 3 publically available...
Keywords: dept.lib

Maps for Jackie - Labbe, Jason (BlazeVOX Books, 2020)
"Poetry's natural habitat is one of detail, radiant or tarnished, an intimate geography that draws us close to where presence is an act of perception: world into word. In Maps for Jackie, Jason Labbe navigates a terrain of singular encounters and incidents, tactile, luminous and animated by the sensuous abrasions and comforts of the heartmind as they touch down on his, and our, present: white leaf is like a moth / wing I'd fix to her shoulder.–Ann Lauterbach"–The back cover
Keywords: 21st century; American poetry; dept.eng; faculty_collection

Reducing sedentary behavior versus increasing moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity in older adults: a 12-week randomized, clinical trial - Gibbs, Bethany Barone; Brach, Jennifer S.; Byard, Tom; Creasy, Seth; Davis, Kelliann K.; McCoy, Stephanie; Peluso, Anna; Rogers, Renee J.; Rupp, Kristie; Jakicic, John M. (Journal of Aging and Health, 2016)
Objective: To compare the effects of behavioral interventions targeting decreased sedentary behavior versus increased moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical ac...
45 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Publisher: SAGE PublicationsSage CA: Los Angeles, CA
Keywords: dept.hms

Speckle interferometry at SOAR in 2019 - Tokovinin, Andrei; Mason, Brian D.; Mendez, Rene A.; Costa, Edgardo; Horch, Elliott P. (The Astronomical Journal, 2020)
The results of speckle-interferometric observations at the 4.1 m Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope in 2019 are given, totaling 2555 measurements of 1972 resolved pairs with separations from 15 mas (median 0.″21) and magnitude difference up to 6 mag, and non-resolutions of 684 targets. We resolved for the first time 90 new pairs or subsystems in known binaries. This work continues our long-term speckle program. Its main goal is to monitor orbital motion of close binaries, including members of high-order hierarchies and Hipparcos pairs in the solar neighborhood. We give a list of 127 orbits computed using our latest measurements. Their quality varies from excellent (25 orbits of grades 1 and 2) to provisional (47 orbits of grades 4 and 5). © 2020 The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
20 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.ids: tokovininSpeckleInterferometrySOAR2020, tokovininSpeckleInterferometrySoar2020 tex.adsnote: Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System tex.adsurl: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020AJ....160....7T arXiv: 2005.05305 [astro-ph.SR] tex.citation: https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85087554458 tex.eid: 7 type: Article
Keywords: 1081; 154; 1777; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Binary stars; Multiple stars; Visual binary stars; dept.phy; peer-reviewed

Observations of binary stars with the differential speckle survey instrument. IX. Observations of known and suspected binaries, and a partial survey of be stars - Horch, Elliott P.; van Belle, Gerard T.; Davidson, James W., Jr.; Willmarth, Daryl; Fekel, Francis C.; Muterspaugh, Matthew; Casetti-Dinescu, Dana I.; Hahne, Frederick W.; Granucci, Nicole M.; Clark, Catherine; Winters, Jennifer G.; Rupert, Justin D.; et al. (The Astronomical Journal, 2020)
We report 370 measures of 170 components of binary and multiple-star systems, obtained from speckle imaging observations made with the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument at Lowell Observatory's Discovery Channel Telescope in 2015 through 2017. Of the systems studied, 147 are binary stars, 10 are seen as triple systems, and 1 quadruple system is measured. Seventy-six high-quality nondetections and 15 newly resolved components are presented in our observations. The uncertainty in relative astrometry appears to be similar to our previous work at Lowell, namely, linear measurement uncertainties of approximately 2 mas, and the relative photometry appears to be uncertain at the 0.1-0.15 mag level. Using these measures and those in the literature, we calculate six new visual orbits, including one for the Be star 66 Oph and two combined spectroscopic-visual orbits. The latter two orbits, which are for HD 22451 (YSC 127) and HD 185501 (YSC 135), yield individual masses of the components at the level of 2% or better, and independent distance measures that in one case agrees with the value found in the Gaia DR2 and in the other disagrees at the 2σ level. We find that HD 22451 consists of an F6V+F7V pair with orbital period of 2401.1 ± 3.2 days and masses of 1.342 ± 0.029 and 1.236 ± 0.026M⊙. For HD 185501, both stars are G5 dwarfs that orbit one another with a period of 433.94 ± 0.15 days, and the masses are 0.898 ± 0.012 and 0.876 ± 0.012M⊙ . We discuss the details of both the new discoveries and the orbit objects. © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved..
17 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.ids: horchObservationsBinaryStars2020a tex.adsnote: Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System tex.adsurl: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020AJ....159..233H arXiv: 2004.03065 [astro-ph.SR] tex.citation: https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85086596087 tex.eid: 233 type: Article
Keywords: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics; Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; dept.phy; peer-reviewed

A hot terrestrial planet orbiting the bright M dwarf L 168-9 unveiled by TESS - Astudillo-Defru, N.; Cloutier, R.; Wang, S. X.; Teske, J.; Brahm, R.; Hellier, C.; Ricker, G.; Vand erspek, R.; Latham, D.; Seager, S.; Winn, J. N.; Jenkins, J. M.; et al. (Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2020)
We report the detection of a transiting super-Earth-sized planet (R = 1.39 ± 0.09 R⊕ ) in a 1.4-day orbit around L 168-9 (TOI-134), a bright M1V dwarf (V = 11, K = 7.1) located at 25.15 ± 0.02 pc. The host star was observed in the first sector of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission. For confirmation and planet mass measurement purposes, this was followed up with ground-based photometry, seeing-limited and high-resolution imaging, and precise radial velocity (PRV) observations using the HARPS and Magellan/PFS spectrographs. By combining the TESS data and PRV observations, we find the mass of L 168-9 b to be 4.60 ± 0.56 M⊕ and thus the bulk density to be 1.74-0.33+0.44 times higher than that of the Earth. The orbital eccentricity is smaller than 0.21 (95% confidence). This planet is a level one candidate for the TESS mission's scientific objective of measuring the masses of 50 small planets, and it is one of the most observationally accessible terrestrial planets for future atmospheric characterization. © ESO 2020.
32 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.ids: astudillo-defruHotTerrestrialPlanet2020a tex.adsnote: Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System tex.adsurl: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020A&A...636A..58A arXiv: 2001.09175 [astro-ph.EP] tex.citation: https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85084144642 tex.eid: A58 type: Article
Keywords: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Atmospheric characterization; Earth (planet); High-resolution imaging; Mass measurements; Orbital eccentricity; Orbits; Planetary systems; Planets; Radial velocity; Scientific objectives; Seeing limited; Stars: individual: L 168-9; Stars: late-type; Techniques: photometric; Techniques: radial velocities; Terrestrial planets; dept.phy; peer-reviewed; planetary systems; stars: individual: L 168-9; stars: late-type; techniques: photometric; techniques: radial velocities

The venomous course of southwestern opium: Qing prohibition in Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guizhou in the early nineteenth century - Bello, David (The Journal of Asian Studies, 2003)
3 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/035-511-721-924-233 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.his

Concept mapping as a tool to engage a community in health disparity identification. - Risisky, Debra; Hogan, Vijaya K; Kane, Mary; Burt, Beneta; Dove, Cassandra; Payton, Marinelle (Ethnicity & disease, 2008)
Objectives: To engage a community to critically examine local health disparities. Design: Concept mapping is a tool used to rapidly assess the variations in thinking of large stakeholder groups' about a particular topic. Setting: Jackson, Mississippi. Participants: Community members. Methods: Dialog groups and community meetings were held, and participants were asked to respond to the statement, "A specific thing that causes African Americans to get sicker and die sooner is⋯" Aggregate responses were rated for importance and feasibility and then sorted into related groups. Aggregate sorts and ratings were then processed by using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis. Results: There were 132 (unduplicated) reported contributors to health disparities. These responses fell into eight general clusters: economic issues, government, contextual factors, cultural factors, HIV, stress, environment, and motivation. Factors respondents felt were the most important contributors to disparities (economic factors, contextual factors, stress) did not correlate with those that they thought were most likely to be changed in society (contextual factors, government, motivation). Conclusions: Concept mapping provided a mechanism for rapidly documenting community thinking about health disparities. This mechanism stimulated community dialog and was used as a first step toward the long-term goal of creating equal community, academic, and medical partnerships for addressing disparities. The concept mapping process stimulated critical thinking about contributors to health inequities and uncovered contextual factors previously unknown to researchers and public health planners. The process allowed for active engagement and exchange of knowledge between the community and researchers and allowed a mechanism for identifying and rectifying disconnects in knowledge within and between stakeholder groups.
Place: United States Risisky, Debra. Southern Connecticut State University, Department of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
Keywords: *Community Participation; *Concept Formation; *Health Status Disparities; Adult; African American; African Americans; Aged; Community dialog; Concept Formation; Concept mapping; Consumer Participation; Female; Health Status Disparities; Health disparities; Humans; Jackson; Male; Middle Aged; Mississippi; United States; adult; aged; article; cluster analysis; concept formation; concept mapping; consumer; critical thinking; cultural factor; dept.pch; economics; feasibility study; female; goal attainment; government; health care planning; health status; human; male; medical research; middle aged; motivation; professional practice; public health; scale up; stress; ⛔ No DOI found

The evolving door: providing technology access for post-secondary students in a constantly changing technology-based culture - Hecht, Janice; Zamfir, Bogdan (International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs, 2002)
The Center for Adaptive Technology at Southern Connecticut State University was established in 1988 to provide access to computers for students with disabilities. The challenge of keeping current with both standard and adaptive technology has caused our service to evolve from a focused, centralized model to an integrated model providing technology access to students regardless of their location on campus. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.type: Proceedings paper
Keywords: Adaptive technology; Artificial intelligence; Centralized models; Computer science; Computers; Integrated modeling; Students; Technology-based; dept.wll

Fifty Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners.: Adrienne L. Herrell - Reynolds, Kate Mastruserio (TESOL Quarterly, 2001)
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: ISI:000168531300015, lens.org/044-748-807-257-656, pop00009 tex.unique-id: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.wll

Teachers’ literacy-related knowledge and self-perceptions in relation to preparation and experience - Spear-Swerling, Louise; Brucker, Pamela Owen; Alfano, Michael P (Annals of Dyslexia, 2005)
After rating their own literacy-related knowledge in three areas (knowledge about reading/reading development, phonemic awareness/phonics, and morpheme awareness/structural analysis), graduate teacher-education students completed five tasks intended to measure their actual disciplinary knowledge in these areas. Teachers with high levels of prior background (i.e., course preparation and experience) rated themselves as significantly more knowledgeable than did low-background teachers in all areas; high-background participants also significantly outperformed low-background participants on all tasks. However, even high-background teachers scored well below ceiling on the tasks. Regression analyses indicated that teachers' self-perceptions and knowledge were positively influenced by both level of preparation and teaching experience, although the influences on teachers' knowledge differed by task. Teachers had some accurate perceptions of their own knowledge, especially in the area of phonics. Results suggest that differentiating levels of preparation may be useful in studying teacher knowledge, and also support the notion of a substantial gap between research on reading and teacher preparation in reading.
57 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/000-385-164-145-266 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: *Faculty; *Phonetics; *Professional Competence; *Reading; *Self Concept; Adult; Certification; Child; Credentialing; Education; Graduate; Education; Special; Educational Measurement; Faculty; Female; Humans; Literacy; Male; Phonetics; Professional Competence; Professional development; Reading; Self Concept; Semantics; Teacher education; Teacher knowledge; Teacher perceptions; Teacher preparation; United States; Vocabulary; academic achievement; accreditation; adult; article; certification; child; dept.sed; education; female; human; linguistics; male; phonetics; professional competence; reading; self concept; semantics; university

Fourth graders' performance on a state-mandated assessment involving two different measures of reading comprehension - Spear-Swerling, Louise (Reading Psychology, 2004)
This study examined fourth graders' performance on two reading comprehension measures, involving a question-answering format and a cloze format, which were part of a state-mandated assessment. Word-level reading skills and oral language comprehension were important to success on both formats, but word accuracy had a stronger relationship to the cloze than to the question-answering measure. Language comprehension related strongly to both formats. The cognitive profiles associated with poor reading comprehension varied, but most often involved a specific difficulty in accuracy of pseudoword decoding. The results suggest that test format should be considered in interpreting reading comprehension performance and underscore the need to assess specific component abilities in reading.
31 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00053 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.sed

Preparing novice teachers to develop basic reading and spelling skills in children. - Spear-Swerling, Louise; Brucker, Pamela Owen (Annals of Dyslexia, 2004)
This study examined the word-structure knowledge of novice teachers and the progress of children tutored by a subgroup of the teachers. Teachers' word-structure knowledge was assessed using three tasks: graphophonemic segmentation, classification of pseudowords by syllable type, and classification of real words as phonetically regular or irregular. Tutored children were assessed on several measures of basic reading and spelling skills. Novice teachers who received word-structure instruction outperformed a comparison group of teachers in word-structure knowledge at post-test. Tutored children improved significantly from pre-test to post-test on all assessments. Teachers' post-test knowledge on the graphophonemic segmentation and irregular words tasks correlated significantly with tutored children's progress in decoding phonetically regular words; error analyses indicated links between teachers' patterns of word-structure knowledge and children's patterns of decoding progress. The study suggests that word-structure knowledge is important to effective teaching of word decoding and underscores the need to include this information in teacher preparation.
92 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Place: United States Spear-Swerling, Louise. Southern Connecticut State University, Department of Special Education and Reading, 501 Crescent Street, New Haven, CT 06515, USA. spearswerl11@southernct.edu
Keywords: *Dyslexia/th [Therapy]; *Education/td [Trends]; *Reading; Adult; Articulation Disorders; Articulation Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation]; Child; Dyslexia; Education; Faculty; Female; Health Knowledge; Attitudes; Practice; Humans; Male; Reading; adult; article; attitude to health; child; dept.sed; dyslexia; education; evaluation; female; human; male; reading; speech disorder; university

Teachers’ acquisition of knowledge about English word structure - Spear-Swerling, Louise; Brucker, Pamela Owen (Annals of Dyslexia, 2003)
Previous research suggests that teachers' knowledge about English word structure (e.g., the phonological structure of words and common orthographic patterns in English) may be limited, although this knowledge is important for effective teaching of word decoding. This study examined teacher education students' knowledge about word structure, and improvements in their knowledge as a result of instruction, using three tasks: graphophonemic segmentation, classification of pseudowords by syllable type, and classification of real words as phonetically regular or irregular. Participants came from a special education certification program and included both preservice and inservice teachers. Results indicated that prior preparation to teach reading influenced participants' initial performance on two of the three word-structure tasks (all but graphophonemic segmentation); however, prior experience in teaching reading did not influence word-structure knowledge. A subset of participants who received specific instruction about word structure improved their knowledge relative to a comparison group of teacher education students who did not receive word-structure instruction. Prior preparation did not influence participants' responsiveness to instruction. Conclusions support the viewpoint that teacher education must include information about English word structure for educators who will teach reading and suggest that sufficiently intensive instruction may be important in developing word-structure knowledge.
72 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/133-442-343-497-778 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.sed

Stylistic sabotage and Thorstein Veblen's scientific irony - Cassano, G. (Journal of Economic Issues, 2005)
4 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31]
Keywords: dept.soc

A case for developing the emotional capacities of social workers: A commentary on “Promoting self-awareness: Infant observation training as a model” - Bliss, S (Smith College Studies in Social Work, 2005)
tex.unique-id: ISI:000232698200005
Keywords: dept.swk; ⚠️ Invalid DOI

Micro ruptures and repairs in the beginning phase of cross-cultural psychotherapy - Keenan, Elizabeth; Tsang, A.; Bogo, Marion; George, Usha (Clinical Social Work Journal, 2005)
The article discusses misunderstandings and misattunements that occur in the beginning phase of cross-cultural psychotherapy. Sources of micro ruptures are outlined, including client maladaptive patterns, therapist misunderstandings, cross-cultural misunderstandings due to cultural variations, and asymmetrical power relations involving the impact of prior experiences or current therapy practices. Multiple clinical vignettes illustrate the rupture/repair process, drawing on Safran and Muran's (2000) list of direct and indirect techniques., (C)2005 Kluwer Academic Publishers
12 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Place: (C)2005 Kluwer Academic Publishers
Keywords: Beginning phase of psychotherapy; Cross-cultural psychotherapy; Rupture and repair; Therapeutic relationship; beginning phase of psychotherapy; cross-cultural psychotherapy; dept.swk; rupture and repair; therapeutic relationship

From sociocultural categories to socially located relations: Using critical theory in social work practice - Keenan, EK (Families in Society-the Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 2004)
This article applies concepts from critical social theories to shift the profession's discourse from the center-margin relations of generalist-multicultural practice to a model of socially located cross-cultural client-worker relationships. Critical theories examine patterns and meanings enacted within and between people in specific social locations at specific points in history that express particular relations of culture, power, and identity. This framework can help social workers listen, explore, conceptualize, and intervene in a more complex and effective manner. The article summarizes key themes in critical theories, redefines how social workers can use knowledge for practice, and concludes with discussion of a case illustration.
12 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.unique-id: ISI:000226071200011
Keywords: dept.swk

Cacophony, polyphony or fugue: Exploring sociocultural concepts with social work students - Keenan, Elizabeth King; Miehls, Dennis; Moffatt, Kenneth; Orwat, John; White, Joyce (Smith College Studies in Social Work, 2004)
This paper documents some dialogue among the authors that emerged as each taught Master of Social Work students a course in sociocultural concepts. The instructors taught this required course from a common syllabus and the discussion reflects the authors' experiences in the delivery of the course material. At the time these dialogues took place, the instructors had recently changed the course format. Rather than teaching sociocultural concepts in isolation (eg. a class on sexism, a class on ageism, etc.), the instructors crafted the course content around central themes. Postmodern theories underscore much of the course content, and are synthesized both in this course and across the curriculum with feminist, psychodynamic, and cross-cultural practice theories. The paper begins by summarizing key post-modern theories that frame the course. Then, the authors respond to formulated questions that address multiple forms of identity development, ambiguity, and competing student ideologies that are manifest in classroom dynamics. Finally, the authors discuss their respective pedagogical and theoretical views and discuss their classroom experiences.
2 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/049-164-803-188-190 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.swk

Working models: A tool for synthesizing psychology, culture, and power in everyday experiences and internal representations - Keenan, Elizabeth King (Smith College Studies in Social Work, 2003)
As social beings, we experience ourselves through interactions with others in daily routines that participate in the cultural practices and power relations of broader social structures. Social workers, and social scientists in general, however, have had difficulty conceptualizing and synthesizing this way of being in the world. This paper attempts to respond to that gap by discussing how clinical social workers can use the concept of working models as a tool for listening and understanding in psychotherapy. Utilizing a case example, the paper will discuss three working models, the enactment of power relations, cultural practices, and psychological processes, which provide an integrative framework to inform clinical work.
1 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/018-182-490-831-257 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.swk

Distance learning in gerontological education: results and implications of a national survey - Tompkins, Catherine J.; Siegel, Elbert (Gerontology & Geriatrics Education, 2001)
This article reports data collected from a national survey of the Association for Gerontology in Higher Education’s (AGHE) member institutions conducted in 1998. The purpose was to explore current usage of distance learning in gerontological education. The findings suggest that distance learning is being implemented within various programs throughout the country with many others showing an interest. The strengths and limitations of using distance learning in gerontological education are discussed. [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-342-9678. E-mail address: <getinfo@haworthpressinc.com> Website: <http://www.HaworthPress.com>]. © 2001 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.
6 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00279 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.swk

Practice and theoretical knowledge-based theory for clinical and policy practice - Appleby, George Alan (Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 2001)
SUMMARY: Practice with working-class gay and bisexual men draws upon an ecological framework with a strengths perspective, which emphasizes the roles of culture, values, social class, social identity development, social categorization, social comparison, oppression and power, diversity, and stigma. This practice is based upon a process of developing an assessment and selecting a range of human service interventions. Ethnographic studies were conducted throughout the United States and Canada using a broad-based sample of working-class men to enhance our understanding of their needs and effective ways of helping. © 2001, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/170-732-264-616-422 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: And intervention; Assessment; Culture; Diversity; Ecology; Individual and group identity; Oppression and power; Social class; Stigma; Strengths; Values; dept.swk

"It was just realizing... that life isn't one big horror": A qualitative study of supported socialization - Davidson, L.; Haglund, K.E.; Stayner, D.A.; Rakfeldt, J.; Chinman, M.J.; Tebes, J.K. (Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 2001)
This report describes the qualitative component of a large-scale study of supported socialization. Paralleling the recent advances made through supported housing, supported employment, and supported education, this approach seeks to increase the involvement of individuals with psychiatric disabilities in naturally occurring social and recreational activities in community settings of their choice. After a review of social relationships and psychiatric disability, we describe the Partnership Project and present findings from a series of qualitative interviews conducted with a subsample of participants. We then discuss the implications of these findings for the community integration of individuals with psychiatric disabilities.
90 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31]
Keywords: adult; article; clinical article; dept.swk; education; employment; female; health program; housing; human; human relation; integration; life; male; mental disease; questionnaire; recreation; socialization; support group; therapeutic community

The role of readability in today's classrooms - Gunning, TG (Topics in Language Disorders, 2003)
“The Role of Readability in Today's Classrooms” emphasizes the importance of providing students with materials on the appropriate level of challenge. Major readability formulas and leveling systems that might be used to assess the difficulty level of materials are reviewed. Because formulas are restricted to objective factors and leveling systems rely too heavily on subjective judgment, this article recommends using both objective and subjective factors when estimating readability levels. This article also recommends using readability/leveling systems as a way of noting textual difficulties that might need instructional intervention.
27 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.unique-id: ISI:000184947900004
Keywords: Leveling; Readability; Readability formulas; Reading; Reading materials; dept.rdg

Using cognitive mapping to explore women caregivers' experiences - Valentino, Carmela Cassisi; Bulmer, Sandra Minor (American Journal of Alzheimers Disease and Other Dementias, 2005)
Women are often faced with the primary role of providing care for individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study explored women caregiver's perceptions of caregiving through the use of Cognitive Mapping (CM), a qualitative research method. Volunteers were recruited from caregiver support groups to construct maps of their experience of "caregiving for someone with AD." Maps were analyzed for commonly identified concepts and relationships. Twelve participants identified 280 concepts, 206 of which were unduplicated. Concepts were collapsed into 17 categories; the largest concepts being "friends and family," "sad," "frustration," and "time." The maps produced by the sample in this study were unique, providing evidence that the experience of AD caregiving varies significantly among caregivers. CM appears to be effective for identifying caregiver stressors and needed support services.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/002-074-877-120-354 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Alzheimer disease; Alzheimer's disease; Caregivers; Cognitive mapping; Experience; Women; adult; article; brain function; caregiver; cognition; cognitive mapping; concept analysis; dept.pch; experience; family; female; friend; frustration; human; human experiment; loneliness; normal human; patient care; qualitative analysis; social support; stress; time

The same but different: clinician-patient communication with gay and lesbian patients - Bonvicini, Kathleen A; Perlin, Michael J (Patient Education and Counseling, 2003)
Surveys estimate that 3-6% of the patients seen by physicians are gay or lesbian. There are unique health risks of gays and lesbians that are important to the clinician in determining an accurate diagnosis, providing patient education, and arriving at an appropriate treatment plan. One of the most significant medical risks of these populations includes avoidance of routine health care and dissatisfaction with healthcare. Many of these healthcare risks are not addressed because of lack of communication based on a number of common assumptions including the assumption that the patient is heterosexual. This article includes a summary of the medical literature through computerized searches to March 2002 in MEDLINE, PsychInfo, HEALTHSTAR, and bibliographies in articles on health care with gay and lesbian patients. The search strategy included health care of gays and lesbians and clinician-patient communication, partner and family issues. Secondly, it will examine common communication barriers and provide strategies for enhancing communication with patients in a gender-neutral, non-judgmental manner including suggestions for enlisting the inclusion of patients' families. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
105 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/042-825-878-960-06X tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Clinician-patient communication; Family; Gay; Healthcare; Lesbian; MEDLINE; clinical practice; dept.pch; doctor patient relation; family; female; health care; health hazard; heterosexuality; homosexuality; human; interpersonal communication; male; patient education; patient satisfaction; priority journal; review; treatment planning

Secret pills: HIV-positive patients' experiences taking antiretroviral therapy in North Carolina - Golin, C.; Isasi, F.; Bontempi, J.B.; Eng, E. (AIDS Education and Prevention, 2002)
Understanding the barriers to antiretroviral adherence is a critical step in improving the effectiveness of HIV treatment and saving lives. We sought to assess, qualitatively, the experiences of HIV-positive persons taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) in North Carolina. Twenty-four people participated in one of six focus groups. A structured interview script included three questions (two open-ended) and eight probes. Each discussion was taped, transcribed, and content-analyzed. Three distinct themes emerged. First, many participants believed that taking ART was lifesaving but missed doses because they feared that taking them in public would reveal their HIV status. Second, as a result, participants often found it difficult to integrate their regimens into the most basic daily activities. Finally, participants stressed the importance of having open, ongoing dialogues about their treatment plans and privacy needs with a wide range of health care workers. Multidimensional, tailored interventions may help persons living with HIV overcome the stigma and other complex barriers they face in taking antiretroviral therapy.
61 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31]
Keywords: Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy; Highly Active; Attitude to Health; Female; Focus Groups; HIV Infections; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; North Carolina; Patient Compliance; United States; adult; antiretrovirus agent; article; attitude to health; clinical article; dept.pch; female; health care personnel; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; information processing; male; middle aged; patient compliance; patient counseling; privacy; psychological aspect; virus infection

Sexual activity, orgasm and tampon use are associated with a decreased risk for endometriosis. - Meaddough, Erika L; Olive, David L; Gallup, Peggy; Perlin, Michael; Kliman, Harvey J (Gynecologic and obstetric investigation, 2002)
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to determine if sexual behaviors, orgasm, tampon use, and douching during menstruation modify the risk of endometriosis., METHODS: A case-control study was conducted. Subjects (n = 2,012) consisted of members of the Endometriosis Association and friends not affiliated with the organization who completed mailed surveys. Data were analyzed using chi(2), Fisher's exact test, t test, and regression analyses., RESULTS: There was no difference between study groups concerning douching practices. However, cases were less likely than controls to report sometimes or often engaging in sexual behaviors during menstruation (p = 0.002, OR = 1.5), and sexual behaviors during menstruation that included orgasm (p = 0.001, OR = 1.5). Cases were also less likely than controls to report using only tampons (p < 0.0001, OR = 2.6)., CONCLUSION: Sexual activity, orgasm, and tampon use during menstruation may confer protection against endometriosis. Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel
10 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Place: Switzerland Meaddough, Erika L. Department of Public Health, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, USA. Comment in (CIN)
Keywords: *Endometriosis/et [Etiology]; *Menstrual Hygiene Products/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]; *Menstruation; *Orgasm; *Sexual Behavior; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Irrigation; Menstrual Hygiene Products; Menstruation; Orgasm; Orgasm/ph [Physiology]; Retrospective Studies; Sexual Behavior; Tampons; Therapeutic Irrigation; adult; article; controlled study; data analysis; dept.pch; endometriosis; female; human; hygiene; major clinical study; menstruation; orgasm; priority journal; regression analysis; sexual behavior; tampon

Can health professionals learn qualitative evaluation methods on the World Wide Web? A case example - Steckler, A; Farel, A; Bontempi, JB; Umble, K; Polhamus, B; Trester, A (Health Education Research, 2001)
The Enhancing Data Utilization Skills through Information Technology (EDUSIT) project trained Maternal and Child Health professionals to collect, analyze and interpret data via a year-long web-based course. The overall goal of the project was to strengthen the technology and analytic skills of the public health workforce. This article describes and analyzes a web-based module for training public health professionals to use qualitative research and evaluation methods that was one of six offered within the EDUSIT project. The qualitative module consisted of six units: overview of qualitative methods, planning qualitative studies, conducting field observations, qualitative interviewing, analyzing qualitative data and presenting qualitative findings. Evaluation results found no statistically significant changes in specific knowledge or beliefs about qualitative methods. However, the change in participants' self-efficacy was statistically significant. Participants' self-reports also showed significant changes in perceived skill levels in `collecting qualitative data through an interview' and `analyzing and interpreting qualitative data'. Most participants rated each lesson within the qualitative methods module as valuable, and most found the teaching methods used satisfactory, emphasizing the value of both the didactic teaching and the practical exercises and team project. The most common difficulty reported was finding the time to complete the module requirements while also working full-time. Implications of these findings for web-based teaching of public health professionals are discussed.
11 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.unique-id: ISI:000172866800008
Keywords: Adult; Competency-Based Education; Data Collection; Education; Distance; Education; Graduate; Educational Measurement; Evaluation Studies; Health Knowledge; Attitudes; Practice; Health Personnel; Humans; Internet; Job Satisfaction; Middle Aged; Self Efficacy; Southeastern United States; Teaching; adult; article; data analysis; dept.pch; education; health care personnel; human; human experiment; information processing; priority journal; public health; scoring system; self report; statistical analysis; teaching

Occupational segregation on the playing field: The case of major league baseball - Sack, AL; Singh, P; Thiel, R (Journal of Sport Management, 2005)
Occupational segregation by race and gender, though less common now than in the past, continues to be the norm rather than the exception in the sport industry. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, occupational segregation on the baseball playing field, often referred to as stacking, was discussed in light of human capital and social closure theories. Second, an attempt was made to replicate and extend a multivariate analysis of stacking by Margolis and Piliavin (1999) that challenges the dominant social science paradigm for explaining stacking. The present study uses more recent data than the Margolis and Piliavin study, as well as multinomial logistic regression analysis. The results reveal that stacking persists in Major League Baseball. They also reveal that the effect of race/ethnicity on assignments to playing positions is reduced when one controls for skills and physical characteristics such as speed and power hitting. The implications of this finding for sport management are examined.
19 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.unique-id: ISI:000230501000004
Keywords: dept.psc

The predictive validity of the Five-Factor Model of personality with preschool age children: A nine year follow-up study☆ - Abe, Jo Ann A (Journal of Research in Personality, 2005)
This study examined whether maternal ratings of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) obtained when children were 3.5 years would show theoretically coherent patterns of relations with a variety of behavioral referents in the laboratory at 5 years as well as with maternal and self-ratings of psychological functioning in adolescence. As expected, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were associated with measures of self-regulation at both ages as well as with an internal locus of control, but only Conscientiousness was associated with high academic performance. By contrast, Neuroticism was associated with measures of anxiety and Extraversion was associated with difficulty inhibiting behaviors at both ages. Openness to Experience was associated with sophisticated play behavior at 5 years and self-confidence in adolescence. Overall, this study yielded strong support for the predictive validity of the FFM with preschool age children and provided further evidence that there are striking continuities in personality from early childhood to adolescence. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
52 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/072-295-048-962-659 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.psy; peer-reviewed

Use of visual information in speech perception: evidence for a visual rate effect both with and without a McGurk effect. - Brancazio, Lawrence; Miller, Joanne L (Perception & psychophysics, 2005)
The McGurk effect, where an incongruent visual syllable influences identification of an auditory syllable, does not always occur, suggesting that perceivers sometimes fail to use relevant visual phonetic information. We tested whether another visual phonetic effect, which involves the influence of visual speaking rate on perceived voicing (Green & Miller, 1985), would occur in instances when the McGurk effect does not. In Experiment 1, we established this visual rate effect using auditory and visual stimuli matching in place of articulation, finding a shift in the voicing boundary along an auditory voice-onset-time continuum with fast versus slow visual speech tokens. In Experiment 2, we used auditory and visual stimuli differing in place of articulation and found a shift in the voicing boundary due to visual rate when the McGurk effect occurred and, more critically, when it did not. The latter finding indicates that phonetically relevant visual information is used in speech perception even when the McGurk effect does not occur, suggesting that the incidence of the McGurk effect underestimates the extent of audio-visual integration.
28 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Place: United States Brancazio, Lawrence. Department of Psychology, Southern Connecticut State University, 501 Crescent St., New Haven, CT 06515, USA. brancazioL1@southernct.edu
Keywords: *Speech Perception; *Visual Perception; Adolescent; Adult; Auditory Perception; Cues; Humans; Middle Aged; dept.psy

Effects of reinforcer probability, delay, and response requirements on the choices of rats and pigeons: Possible species differences - Mazur, James E (Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2005)
In Experiment 1 with rats, a left lever press led to a 5-s delay and then a possible reinforcer. A right lever press led to an adjusting delay and then a certain reinforcer. This delay was adjusted over trials to estimate an indifference point, or a delay at which the two alternatives were chosen about equally often. Indifference points increased as the probability of reinforcement for the left lever decreased. In some conditions with a 20% chance of food, a light above the left lever was lit during the 5-s delay on all trials, but in other conditions, the light was only lit on those trials that ended with food. Unlike previous results with pigeons, the presence or absence of the delay light on no-food trials had no effect on the rats' indifference points. In other conditions, the rats showed less preference for the 20% alternative when the time between trials was longer. In Experiment 2 with rats, fixed-interval schedules were used instead of simple delays, and the presence or absence of the fixed-interval requirement on no-food trials had no effect on the indifference points. In Experiment 3 with rats and Experiment 4 with pigeons, the animals chose between a fixed-ratio 8 schedule that led to food on 33% of the trials and an adjusting-ratio schedule with food on 100% of the trials. Surprisingly, the rats showed less preference for the 33% alternative in conditions in which the ratio requirement was omitted on no-food trials. For the pigeons, the presence or absence of the ratio requirement on no-food trials had little effect. The results suggest that there may be differences between rats and pigeons in how they respond in choice situations involving delayed and probabilistic reinforcers.
19 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/053-049-743-382-047 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: *Behavior; Animal/ph [Physiology]; *Choice Behavior; *Reaction Time; *Reinforcement; Psychology; Animals; Behavior; Animal; Choice; Choice Behavior; Columbidae; Delay; Fixed interval; Fixed ratio; Key peck; Lever press; Male; Pigeons; Probability; Rats; Rats; Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Reinforcement (Psychology); Species Specificity; Sprague Dawley rat; animal; animal behavior; decision making; dept.psy; male; peer-reviewed; physiology; pigeons and doves; probability; rat; reaction time; reinforcement; review; species difference

Exploring a concurrent-chains paradox: decreasing preference as an initial link is shortened. - Mazur, James E (Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes, 2005)
Experiments with pigeons and rats on concurrent-chains schedules examined a paradoxical effect reported by R. A. Preston and E. Fantino (1991). One schedule in the concurrent chain had a variable-interval (VI) 60-s initial link, and its terminal link was a 10-s delay to food. The other schedule had an initial link that ranged from VI 60 s to VI 2 s, and its terminal link was a 20-s delay to food. The paradoxical effect–a decrease in preference for the 20-s delay as its initial link was shortened–was found in some conditions but not in others. An analysis of response-reinforcer delays suggested that the paradoxical effect occurred in conditions in which responding on the short VI schedule almost always led to the 20-s delay, eliminating the possibility of switching to the alternative with the shorter delay. Copyright 2005 APA.
1 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Place: United States Mazur, James E. Psychology Department, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT 06515, USA. mazurj1@southernct.edu
Keywords: *Choice Behavior; *Motivation; *Reinforcement Schedule; Animals; Association Learning; Choice Behavior; Color Perception; Columba; Columbidae; Discrimination Learning; Models; Psychological; Motivation; Psychomotor Performance; Reaction Time; Reinforcement Schedule; animal; article; color vision; decision making; dept.psy; discrimination learning; learning; motivation; pigeons and doves; psychological model; psychomotor performance; reaction time; reinforcement

From Freud to Erikson to Marcia: Concept maps in personality psychology courses - Anthis, K (Teaching of Psychology, 2005)
This study examined concept maps produced by personality psychology students as a function of different types of concept map instruction. The results indicated the number of quantitative items in the students' concept maps significantly increased from the pretest to the posttest, as would be expected over the course of an academic semester. More importantly, the type of instructions the students received at the pretest played a significant role in the number of cross links depicted in the maps at the posttest. I discuss the results in term of the utility of instruction type when using concept maps in social science courses.
tex.unique-id: ISI:000232610800020
Keywords: dept.psy; ⛔ No DOI found

Heuristics and general principles of learning. - Mazur, James E (Behavioural Processes, 2005)
This research on decision-making heuristics is similar to research on animal learning in at least two ways. First, optimality modeling has not proven to be very useful for either research area. Second, both of these research areas seek to find general principles (or heuristics) that are applicable to different species in different settings. However, the basic principles of classical and operant conditioning seem to be more uniform across species and situations, whereas decision-making heuristics can vary for different species and different situations, even for tasks with very similar characteristics.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Place: Netherlands Mazur, James E. Psychology Department, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT 06515, USA. mazurj1@southernct.edu
Keywords: *Algorithms; *Decision Making; *Learning; *Models; Psychological; Animalia; Animals; Decision-making; Heuristics; Humans; Optimality modeling; behavioral research; conditioned reflex; conference paper; decision making; dept.psy; heuristics; human; instrumental conditioning; learning; mental task; nonhuman

Varying initial-link and terminal-link durations in concurrent-chains schedules: a comparison of three models. - Mazur, James E (Behavioural Processes, 2004)
In Experiment 1, pigeons responded on concurrent-chains schedules with equal variable-interval schedules as initial links and fixed delays to food as terminal links. One terminal-link delay was always three times as long as the other. As terminal-link delays increased, response percentages on the key with the shorter terminal link increased according to a curvilinear function. This result supported the predictions of the hyperbolic value-added model and the contextual-choice theory but not delay-reduction theory. In Experiment 2, the terminal links were always delays of 2 s and 12 s, followed by food, and the durations of the initial links varied across conditions. As initial-link durations increased, pigeons' response percentages on the key with the shorter terminal link decreased, but toward an asymptote greater than 50%, indicating a continued preference for the shorter terminal link with very long initial links. This result was more consistent with the predictions of the hyperbolic-value added model than with those of the contextual-choice model or of delay-reduction theory. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
2 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/023-773-022-282-811 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: *Behavior; Animal; *Reinforcement; Psychology; Animals; Behavior; Animal; Columba; Columbidae; Concurrent-chains schedule; Initial links; Key peck; Pigeons; Reinforcement (Psychology); Terminal links; Time Factors; animal experiment; behavioral response; bird; conference paper; controlled study; decision making; dept.psy; experiment; food; intermethod comparison; model; modeling; nonhuman; pigeon; prediction; reinforcement; response time; temporal analysis; theory

Self-esteem, perception of relationships, and emotional distress: A cross-cultural study - Abe, Jo Ann A (Personal Relationships, 2004)
This study examined the relative importance of self-esteem, family cohesion, and support from friends in predicting depressed mood and anxiety in Japanese and American college students. Contrary to expectations, self-esteem was the strongest predictor of emotional distress in both groups of students. Nevertheless, consistent with predictions derived from Markus and Kitayama's theory of self-construals, family cohesion accounted for a significantly larger percentage of the variance in predicting emotional distress in Japan than in the United States. In both countries, the relations between support from friends and the measures of emotional distress were entirely mediated by self-esteem. However, among Japanese students, family cohesion accounted for additional significant variance in predicting the measures of emotional distress, even after controlling for self-esteem.
24 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/064-511-906-572-838 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.psy

Lexical influences in audiovisual speech perception - Brancazio, Lawrence (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2004)
Phoneme identification with audiovisually discrepant stimuli is influenced by information in the visual signal (the McGurk effect). Additionally, lexical status affects identification of auditorily presented phonemes. The present study tested for lexical influences on the McGurk effect. Participants identified phonemes in audiovisually discrepant stimuli in which lexical status of the auditory component and of a visually influenced percept was independently varied. Visually influenced (McGurk) responses were more frequent when they formed a word and when the auditory signal was a nonword (Experiment 1). Lexical effects were larger for slow than for fast responses (Experiment 2), as with auditory speech, and were replicated with stimuli matched on physical properties (Experiment 3). These results are consistent with models in which lexical processing of speech is modality independent.
39 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/108-054-092-602-383 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: *Lipreading; *Speech Perception; *Visual Perception; *Vocabulary; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Lipreading; Male; Phonetics; Reaction Time; Speech Perception; Visual Perception; Vocabulary; adolescent; adult; article; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; dept.psy; female; human; linguistics; lip reading; male; phonetics; randomized controlled trial; reaction time; speech perception; vision

Shame, guilt, and personality judgment - Abe, Jo Ann A (Journal of Research in Personality, 2004)
The purpose of this study was to shed further light on the intrapersonal and interpersonal correlates of shame- and guilt-proneness by examining their relations with self- and peer-ratings of the five-factor model (FFM) of personality. Shame- and guilt-proneness were assessed using a scenario-based and a checklist measure. Consistent with findings from previous research, the self-rating data yielded support for the view that shame-proneness may be associated with more maladaptive patterns than guilt-proneness. However, peer-ratings of personality failed to corroborate these findings. Both scenario-based and checklist measures of shame-proneness were associated with a tendency to underestimate one's Agreeableness relative to peer-ratings. Several possible interpretations of these findings are discussed in light of the extant research on personality judgment. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
43 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/028-498-536-772-541 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.psy; peer-reviewed

Gender and identity status differences in late adolescents’ possible selves - Anthis, Kristine; Dunkel, Curt S; Anderson, Brian (Journal of Adolescence, 2004)
The current study examined gender and identity status differences in late adolescents' possible selves. The intent of the study was to clarify conflicts between theory and research on gender differences in identity by investigating the content of participants' possible selves. Participants completed measures of identity and possible selves. The results indicated that there was a relationship between gender and the mean number of both feared and balanced interpersonally themed possible selves. The pattern of results is discussed in terms of prior findings regarding gender differences in both identity and possible selves. Suggestions for future research are also provided. (C) 2003 The Association for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
25 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/125-439-454-273-569 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: *Sex Factors; *Social Identification; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States; adolescent; adult; article; child behavior; controlled study; coping behavior; dept.psy; ego identity; ethnology; fear; female; gender identity; human; male; personality; race difference; sex difference; social status

Developmental changes in facial expressions of emotions in the strange situation during the second year of life - Izard, Carroll E; Abe, Jo Ann A (Emotion, 2004)
Infants' expressions of discrete emotions were coded during the more stressful episodes (4 through 8) of the Strange Situation at 13 and 18 months. The data showed a significant decrease in full-face expressions (more complex configurations of movements) and a significant increase in component expressions (simpler and more constrained patterns of movements). The authors interpreted this trend as a developmental change toward more regulated and less intense emotions. Consistent with this view, the aggregate index of infants' full-face negative emotion expressions, interpreted as reflecting relatively unregulated intense emotions, correlated significantly with maternal ratings of difficult temperament. The authors discuss alternative interpretations of the findings in terms of changes in reactivity/arousability and the emerging capacity for self-regulation.
25 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/010-936-730-858-844 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Adult; Affect; Arousal; Facial Expression; Female; Humans; Infant; Social Control; Informal; Temperament; adult; anger; arousal; article; body movement; body posture; child behavior; child development; child parent relation; dept.psy; emotion; face; facial expression; happiness; human; infant; longitudinal study; mother child relation; rating scale; temperament

Therapist variables that predict symptom change in psychotherapy with chronically depressed outpatients. - Vocisano, Carina; Klein, Daniel N; Arnow, Bruce A; Rivera, Caridad; Blalock, Janice A; Rothbaum, Barbara O; Vivian, Dina; Markowitz, John C; Kocsis, James H; Manber, Rachel; Castonguay, Louis G; Rush, A John; et al. (Psychotherapy, 2004)
The present study examines the contribution of psychotherapist variables to change in depressive symptoms in a large clinical trial comparing the efficacy of the cognitive-behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy, the antidepressant nefazodone, and the combination of both in the treatment of chronic depression. Greater change on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) was associated with greater emphasis on the therapeutic relationship, lower overall psychotherapy caseload, therapist psychodynamic orientation, and supervisory status. There was no relationship between HRSD change and therapist sex, age, or years of experience.
35 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/104-228-113-585-108 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Hamilton scale; adult; age; article; behavior therapy; clinical practice; clinical trial; cognitive therapy; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; depression; dept.psy; doctor patient relation; drug efficacy; female; gender; human; major clinical study; male; multicenter study; nefazodone; normal human; outpatient; patient care; patient guidance; physician attitude; prediction; psychodynamics; psychopharmacotherapy; psychotherapist; psychotherapy; randomized controlled trial; symptomatology; workload

Visual influences on the internal structure of phonetic categories - Brancazio, L; Miller, JL; Pare, MA (Perception & Psychophysics, 2003)
Previous work has demonstrated that the graded internal structure of phonetic categories is sensitive to a variety of contextual factors. One such factor is place of articulation: The best exemplars of voiceless stop consonants along auditory bilabial and velar voice onset time (VOT) continua occur over different ranges of VOT! (Volaitis & Miller, 1992). In the present study, we exploited the McGurk effect to examine whether-visual information for place of articulation also shifts the best-exemplar range for voiceless consonants, following Green and Kuhl's (1989) demonstration of effects of visual place of articulation on the location of voicing boundaries. In Experiment 1, we established that /p/ and /t/ have different best-exemplar ranges along auditory bilabial and alveolar VOT continua. We then found, in Experiment 2, a-similar shift in the best-exemplar range for /t/ relative to that for /p/ when there was a change in visual place of articulation, with auditory place of articulation held constant. These findings indicate-that the perceptual mechanisms that determine internal phonetic category structure-are sensitive to visual, as well as to Auditory, information.
12 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.unique-id: ISI:000183134600008
Keywords: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phonetics; Random Allocation; Speech Perception; Time Factors; Visual Perception; Voice; adolescent; adult; article; dept.psy; female; human; male; middle aged; phonetics; randomization; speech perception; time; vision; voice

Effects of free-food deliveries and delays on choice under concurrent-chains schedules. - Mazur, James E (Behavioural Processes, 2003)
Pigeons responded on a concurrent-chains schedule with two equal variable-interval (VI) schedules as initial links and delays to food of 3 and 12 s as the two terminal links. In even-numbered sessions, no other reinforcement schedule was present, and all pigeons showed a strong preference for the response key that had the shorter, 3-s terminal-link delay. In odd-numbered sessions, the initial links were interrupted at random times by one of three different types of events. When the interruptions were immediate food deliveries, the response percentages increased on the key that had the 3-s delay. When the interruptions were 30-s delays followed by food, the response percentages remained approximately unchanged. When the interruptions were 30-s delays with no food, the response percentages decreased. The results were used to compare the predictions of different mathematical models of concurrent-chains performance. The results favored models that assume that preference is determined by the relative amount of advantage that is gained when a terminal link is entered. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
3 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Place: Netherlands Mazur, James E.. Psychology Department, Southern Connecticut State University, 06515, New Haven, CT, USA
Keywords: Choice; Columba; Concurrent chains; Free food; Key peck; Pigeons; Reinforcer delay; animal behavior; animal experiment; article; controlled study; decision making; dept.psy; food; food deprivation; mathematical model; nonhuman; pigeon; prediction; preference behavior; reinforcement; stimulus response

The role of sexist discrimination in adult women's identity development - Anthis, Kristine (Sex Roles, 2002)
The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between sexist discrimination and identity development in a sample of adult women. Participants completed a scale to indicate the extent to which sexist events had occurred in their lives and a measure of identity at 2 different data collection periods that spanned approximately 5 months. The results indicated that sexist events reported to occur within the last year at the first data collection period significantly predicted identity scores at the second data collection period. These findings are discussed in terms of how sexist discrimination may play a role in adult women's identity development and in terms of the additional psychometric data that supports the validity of the measure of sexist discrimination.
7 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/016-138-574-547-367 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.psy; identity; sexist discrimination; women

Winning friends and influencing peers: Strategies of peer influence in late childhood - Hawley, Patricia H; Little, Todd D; Pasupathi, Monisha (International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2002)
We divided children (N = 719, grades 3-6) into five control types based on the degree to which they reported employing prosocial (indirect, cooperative) and coercive (direct, hostile) strategies of control (prosocial controllers, coercive controllers, bistrategic controllers, noncontrollers, and typicals). We tested for differences across the five types on personal characteristics, friendship motivations, wellbeing, and social integration, expecting specific patterns according to whether control is wielded, and whether coercive or prosocial behaviour (or both) is employed. Prosocial controllers revealed positive characteristics (e. g., social skills, agreeableness), intrinsic friendship motivations, and positive wellbeing. In contrast, coercive controllers revealed negative characteristics (e. g., hostility), extrinsic friendship motivations, and ill-being. Bistrategic controllers, as expected, reported the highest control, and revealed characteristics associated with both prosocial and coercive orientations. Noncontrollers, in contrast, did not report having these characteristics and felt the least effective in the peer group. Our evolutionary perspective offers unique predictions of how prosocial and coercive children are similar in terms of their instrumental goals and the consequences of using both strategies or neither.
107 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/064-731-986-341-419 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: childhood; controlled study; cooperation; dept.psy; female; hostility; human; male; motivation; perception; personality test; persuasive communication; prediction; review; school child; social adaptation; social control; social interaction; sociology; wellbeing

Evidence against a constant-difference effect in concurrent-chains schedules - Mazur, James E (Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2002)
Savastano and Fantino (1996) reported that in concurrent-chains schedules, initial-link choice proportions remained constant as terminal-link durations increased as long as the subtractive difference between the two terminal-link schedules remained constant. Two experiments with pigeons were conducted to examine this constant-difference effect. Both experiments used equal variable-interval schedules as initial links. The terminal links were fixed delays to reinforcement in Experiment 1 and variable delays to reinforcement in Experiment 2. The durations of the terminal links were varied across conditions, but the difference between pairs of terminal links was always 10 s. In both experiments, preference for the shorter terminal link became less extreme as terminal-link, durations increased, so a constant-difference effect was not found, It is argued, however, that this choice situation does not provide clear evidence for or against delay-reduction theory versus other theories of choice.
3 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Place: United States Mazur, James E. Psychology Department, Southern Connecticut State University, New Heaven 06515, USA. mazur@southernct.edu
Keywords: *Choice Behavior; *Motivation; *Reinforcement Schedule; Animals; Appetitive Behavior; Choice Behavior; Color Perception; Columbidae; Concurrent-chains schedules; Delay-reduction theory; Fixed delays; Key peck; Mental Recall; Motivation; Pigeons; Reinforcement Schedule; Variable delays; animal; appetite; article; color vision; comparative study; decision making; dept.psy; motivation; peer-reviewed; pigeons and doves; recall; reinforcement

Social dominance and prosocial and coercive strategies of resource control in preschoolers - Hawley, P.H. (International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2002)
This study was designed to investigate the predictors of social dominance, the strategies children use to control resources (prosocial and coercive), and the associations between these strategies and measures of personality, social skills, and peer regard. A total of 30 preschoolers (ages 3-6) were rated by their teachers on social dominance. Based on these ratings, dominant children were paired with multiple subordinate children (i.e., block design; Kenny, 1990) and observed in a play situation designed to elicit resource control behaviour. As hypothesised, age and the surgency facet of extraversion predicted social dominance (but openness to experience did not). Furthermore, also as expected, both prosocial behaviour and coercive behaviour were related to resource control in the play situation. Last, both resource control strategies were associated with parent-rated social competence, but only coercive control was associated with positive peer regard (i.e., Likeability). Factors of personality (e.g. agreeableness, hostility) were not associated with either of the strategies. The utility of an evolutionary perspective to resource control and social competence is discussed.
153 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31]
Keywords: article; controlled study; dept.psy; female; group psychology; hostility; human; hypothesis; male; parent; personality; persuasive communication; play; prediction; preschool child; social adaptation; social behavior; social dominance; sociology; teacher

Concurrent-chain performance in transition: effects of terminal-link duration and individual reinforcers. - Mazur, James E (Animal learning & behavior, 2002)
Pigeons responded on concurrent-chain schedules with variable-interval initial links and equal delays as terminal links. The terminal-link delays were 1 sec in some conditions and 20 sec in other conditions. The percentages of reinforcers delivered for responses on the left key were 10%, 30%, 70%, or 90%, and this percentage was switched every five to nine sessions. The rate of change in the pigeons' response percentages after a switch was the same whether the terminal-link delays were 1 sec or 20 sec. Analysis of the effects of individual reinforcers showed that after a response on one key had been reinforced, response percentages on that key were higher for at least the next 100 responses. Small effects of individual reinforcers were evident after eight or nine additional reinforcers had been delivered. The effects of individual reinforcers were about equally large during times of transition and during periods in which overall response percentages were relatively stable.
6 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Place: United States Mazur, James E. Psychology Department, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT 06515, USA. mazur@southernct.edu
Keywords: *Behavior; Animal; *Reinforcement; Psychology; Animalia; Animals; Columba; Columbidae; Random Allocation; Reaction Time; Reinforcement Schedule; animal experiment; article; conditioned reflex; conditioning; decision making; dept.psy; nonhuman; pigeon; reinforcement; task performance

Transitional choice behavior in concurrent-chain schedules - Mazur, James E; Blake, Nancy; Mcmanus, Courtney (Behavioural Processes, 2001)
The choice responses of four pigeons were examined in 20 periods of transition in a concurrent-chain procedure with variable-interval schedules as initial links and fixed delays to reinforcement as terminal links. In some conditions, the delays to reinforcement were different for the two terminal links, and changes in preference were recorded after the delays for the two response keys were switched. In other conditions, the reinforcer delays were equal for the two keys, but which key delivered 80% of the reinforcers was periodically switched. Choice proportions changed more quickly after a switch in reinforcement percentages chan after a switch in the delays, thereby contradicting the hypothesis that faster changes would occur when the switch in conditions was easier to discriminate. Analyses of response sequences showed that the effects: of individual reinforcers were larger and lasted longer in conditions with changing reinforcement percentages than in conditions with changing terminal-link delays. Rates of change in choice behavior do not appear to be limited by the unpredictability of variable reinforcement schedules, because the changes in behavior were slow and gradual even when there was a large and sudden change in reinforcer delays. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights: reserved.
10 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/001-721-068-778-123 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Columba; Concurrent-chain schedules; Transitional choice behavior; animal experiment; article; behavior; controlled study; decision making; dept.psy; instrumental conditioning; nonhuman; pigeon; reinforcement; stimulus response

Hyperbolic value addition and general models of animal choice - Mazur, James E. (Psychological Review, 2001)
Three mathematical models of choice-the contextual-choice model (R. Grace, 1994), delay-reduction theory (N. Squires & E. Fantino, 1971). and a new model called the hyperbolic value-added model-were compared in their ability to predict the results from a wide variety of experiments with animal subjects. When supplied with 2 or 3 free parameters, all 3 models made fairly accurate predictions for a large set of experiments that used concurrent-chain procedures. One advantage of the hyperbolic value-added model is that it is derived from a simpler model that makes accurate predictions for many experiments using discrete-trial adjusting-delay procedures. Some results favor the hyperbolic value-added model and delay-reduction theory over the contextual-choice model, but more data are needed from choice situations For which the models make distinctly different predictions.
Place: United States Mazur, J E. Department of Psychology, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515, USA. mazur@southernct.edu
Keywords: *Behavior; Animal; *Choice Behavior; *Models; Psychological; Animals; Behavior; Animal; Choice Behavior; Columbidae; Conditioning (Psychology); Conditioning; Psychological; Models; Psychological; Reinforcement (Psychology); Reinforcement Schedule; Reinforcement; Psychology; animal; animal behavior; comparative study; conditioning; decision making; dept.psy; pigeons and doves; psychological model; reinforcement; review; ⚠️ Invalid DOI

Two- versus three-alternative concurrent-chain schedules: a test of three models. - Mazur, James E (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 2000)
Two experiments with pigeons used concurrent-chain procedures with variable-interval schedules as initial links and different delays to food as terminal links. Two schedules were present in all sessions. but a 3rd schedule was alternately present and absent in successive sessions. When the 3rd schedule delivered food with no terminal-link delay, the presence of this schedule led to an increase in preference for the schedule with the shorter terminal link of the 2 unchanged schedules. When the terminal-link delay for the 3rd schedule was 30 s, the presence of this schedule led to a decrease in preference for the schedule with the shorter terminal link of the 2 unchanged schedules. These results are inconsistent with the predictions of R. Grace's (1994) contextual-choice model, but they are consistent with 2 other mathematical models-delay-reduction theory and the hyperbolic value-added model.
10 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/030-282-629-182-734 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: *Choice Behavior; *Columbidae; *Conditioning; Operant; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Choice Behavior; Columbidae; Conditioning; Operant; Models; Psychological; analysis of variance; animal; article; decision making; dept.psy; instrumental conditioning; pigeons and doves; psychological model

Tradeoffs among delay, rate, and amount of reinforcement - Mazur, James E (Behavioural Processes, 2000)
In Experiment I, an adjusting-delay procedure was used to measure pigeons' choices between a single delayed reinforcer and a range of different variable-time schedules. Indifference points showed an inverse relation between rate of reinforcement and delay that was well described by a hyperbolic equation. An adjusting-amount procedure was used in Experiment 2, in which pigeons chose between an adjusting amount of food delivered after a 0.5-s delay and 3 s of food delivered after a range of different delays, and the effects of delay were similar to those found in Experiment 1. The results from both experiments indicated that, for pigeons, the strength of a reinforcer decreased rapidly with increasing delay. Estimates of a decay rate parameter in the hyperbolic equation were similar to those found in other studies with pigeons, but the rates of temporal discounting were three or four times faster than those found in studies with rats, suggesting a possible species difference. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
64 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/026-033-972-981-013 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Adjusting procedure; Amount of reinforcement; Delay; Discounting; Key peck; Pigeons; Rate of reinforcement; animal experiment; article; behavior; controlled study; dept.psy; dose time effect relation; nonhuman; pigeon; reinforcement; technique; variance

Early and chronic stress and their relation to breast cancer - Jacobs, John R; Bovasso, Gregory B (Psychological Medicine, 2000)
Background. The study examined the role of parental death and chronic depression with severe episodes in affecting risk of breast cancer. This avenue of research is in accord with oncology findings, which suggests that causative factors of breast cancer occur and develop over a period of 20 years or longer. Methods. Participants consisted of 1213 women in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area study surveyed in 1980 and followed through 1994-1995. They were assessed for depressive and anxious disorders, paternal death in childhood and relatively recent adverse life events prior to cancer hospitalization. Results. In the course of the study, 29 women were hospitalized for breast cancer and 10 died of breast cancer. The psychosocial variables that predicted increased risk of breast cancer were maternal death in childhood (OR = 2.56, P ¡ 0.001) and chronic depression with severe episodes (OR = 14.0, P ¡ 0.001). Neither relatively recent life events nor other depressive and anxiety disorders were associated with increased risk. Maternal death and chronic depression with severe episodes were reported to have occurred at least 20 years prior to breast cancer hospitalization. Conclusions. Maternal death and chronic and severe depression occurred at least 20 years prior to breast cancer hospitalization and could have been involved in the causation or facilitation of cancer development. The authors suggest that meta-analysis of other prospective studies are needed to create larger groups of individuals with these stresses to confidently establish these variables as risk factors.
83 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Place: England Jacobs, J R. Department of Psychology, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven 06515, USA. Comment in (CIN)
Keywords: *Breast Neoplasms/et [Etiology]; *Death; *Depressive Disorder/co [Complications]; *Stress; Psychological; Adult; Breast Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms/px [Psychology]; Death; Depressive Disorder; Epidemiologic Studies; Female; Humans; Life Change Events; Middle Aged; Mother-Child Relations; Risk Factors; Stress; Psychological; adult; anxiety neurosis; article; breast cancer; cancer risk; depression; dept.psy; female; health survey; hospitalization; human; life event; major clinical study; medical psychology; mental stress; parental deprivation

George F. Kennan and the birth of containment - The Greek test case - Iatrides, JO (World Policy Journal, 2005)
5 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.unique-id: ISI:000233048100011
Keywords: dept.psc

Conclusion: The Aegean — Life-line and Battle-line - Chircop, Aldo; Gerolymatos, André; Iatrides, John O. (The Aegean Sea after the Cold War: Security and Law of the Sea Issues, 2000)
From the dawn of the Bronze Age and Homer’s immortal epics to the latest confrontation in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, the Aegean Sea has been critically important to countless armies of merchants, warriors, and crusaders. As a geographic entity, it is a narrow body of water dotted with islands, islets, and rocks. However, the Aegean is both a link and barrier between the Mediterranean and Black Seas, and the maritime causeway between the land masses of Europe, Asia, the Near East, and Africa. In effect, this maritime highway has been one of history’s more productive crucibles for human accomplishment, as well as an arena of conflict and destruction.
Citation Key Alias: lens.org/123-235-270-276-653, pop00241
Keywords: Geographic Entity; Greek Settlement; Narrow Body; Productive Crucible; Turkish Strait; dept.psc

Growth of AlGaN nanowires by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition - Su, J.; Gherasimova, M.; Cui, G.; Tsukamoto, Hironori; Han, J.; Onuma, T.; Kurimoto, M.; Chichibu, Shigefusa F.; Broadbridge, Christine; He, Y.; Nurmikko, Arto V. (Applied Physics Letters, 2005)
Growth of ternary AlGaN nanowires using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition is investigated. Structural, chemical, and optical characterization at nanoscopic scale is carried out by high resolution transmission electron microscopy, x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, and spatially resolved cathodoluminescence. Spontaneous formation of Al (Ga) NGaN coaxial nanowires with distinct emission at 370 nm is observed. It is identified that the interplay between surface kinetics and thermodynamics facilitates the catalytic growth of GaN core while a limited surface diffusion of Al adatoms leads to nonselective, vapor-solid growth of Al(Ga)N sheath. The observation points to a fundamental difference in nanosynthesis using near-equilibrium and nonequilibrium techniques. © 2005 American Institute of Physics.
37 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00071 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Aluminum compounds; Cathodoluminescence; Coaxial nanowires; Energy dispersive spectroscopy; Metallorganic chemical vapor deposition; Nanoscopic scale; Nanostructured materials; Optical properties; Reaction kinetics; Surface kinetics; Synthesis (chemical); Transmission electron microscopy; X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy; dept.phy

Comparison of extended x-ray absorption fine structure and Scherrer analysis of x-ray diffraction as methods for determining mean sizes of polydisperse nanoparticles - Calvin, Scott; Luo, Shuixiang; Caragianisbroadbridge, C; Mcguinness, J K; Anderson, Eric; Lehman, A; Wee, K H; Morrison, Shannon A; Kurihara, L K (Applied Physics Letters, 2005)
Curve fitting of extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, and Scherrer analysis of x-ray diffraction (XRD) are compared as methods for determining the mean crystallite size in polydisperse samples of platinum nanoparticles. By applying the techniques to mixtures of pure samples, it is found that EXAFS correctly determines the relative mean sizes of these polydisperse samples, while XRD tends to be weighted more toward the largest crystallites in the sample. Results for TEM are not clear cut, due to polycrystallinity and aggregation, but are consistent with the other results. © 2005 American Institute of Physics.
68 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/112-863-384-595-634 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Curve fitting; Diffraction; EXAFS; Imaging techniques; Nanostructured materials; Platinum; Platinum nanoparticles; Polydisperse samples; Transmission electron microscopy; X ray diffraction; dept.phy

Conceptual Underpinnings of Students’ Ability to Understand Reflections from a Plane Mirror - Cummings, Karen (AIP Conference Proceedings, 2005)
In this paper we explore students' pre-instruction knowledge of several conceptual and procedural pieces of knowledge that we believe are prerequisite to one's ability to generate correct light ray diagrams and understand image formation by a plane mirror. The research population is an algebra-based, introductory physics class of about 50 students at a medium-sized, urban, public university. Both individual interviews and written free response questions were used to gather data. © 2005 American Institute of Physics.
1 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/096-094-774-595-400, pop00418 tex.number: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.phy

An exploration of microscopy for educational applications in the high school classroom - Fitzsimmons, Ryan; Koekkoek, Robert; Caragianis-Broadbridge, Christine; Lehman, Ann; Cummings, Karen (MRS Proceedings, 2005)
This project was initiated with an undergraduate student's exploration of two advanced research tools: the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the atomic force microscope (AFM). A research project was developed to study the application of microscopy to introductory physics instruction, Nine modules covering various aspects of introductory physics were created. Module components included discussions, laboratory experiments and assessments. Four of the nine modules were implemented in various high school classes. Assessments were used to compare student learning with the modules versus standard textbook/lecture techniques, Preliminary results of this study are presented along with recently developed methods created to facilitate implementation of these modules within the high school classroom. © 2006 Materials Research Society.
1 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/060-305-083-686-777 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Atomic force microscopy; Education; Project management; Scanning electron microscopy; School buildings; School classroom; Student learning; dept.phy

A preliminary investigation of the efficacy of oral motor exercises for children with mild articulation disorders - Guisti Braislin, M.A.; Cascella, P.W. (International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 2005)
Although oral motor therapy is sometimes used to treat articulation disorders in school-age children, several reports question its efficacy. In this case study, four first-grade students, two boys and two girls, received 15 half-hour sessions of oral motor treatment based on Easy Does it for Articulation: An Oral Motor Approach (). Pre- and post-test measures of the children's articulation indicated no real differences in speech production. These results question the efficacy of general and discrete oral motor exercises because they did not enhance the children's speech production. © 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
19 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31]
Keywords: *Articulation Disorders/th [Therapy]; *Exercise Therapy/mt [Methods]; *Mouth; Articulation; Articulation Disorders; Articulation disorders; Child; Efficacy; Exercise Therapy; Exercise equipment; Female; Humans; Male; Mouth; Oral motor exercises; Patient monitoring; Patient rehabilitation; Speech; Speech production; Treatment Outcome; article; case report; child; consonant; dept.phy; efficacy; female; human; interrater reliability; kinesiotherapy; male; methodology; mouth; oral motor exercises; preschool child; priority journal; speech articulation; speech disorder; speech therapy; standardization; treatment indication; treatment outcome

Catalytic growth of group III-nitride nanowires and nanostructures by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition - Su, J; Cui, G; Gherasimova, M; Tsukamoto, Hironori; Han, J; Ciuparu, Dragos; Lim, Sangyun; Pfefferle, Lisa D; He, Y; Nurmikko, A V; Broadbridge, Christine; Lehman, Ann Hein (Applied Physics Letters, 2005)
We report flexible synthesis of group III-nitride nanowires and nanostructures by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) via a catalytic vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mechanism. Supersaturation and surface stoichiometry strongly influence the stability of liquid droplets and growth selectivity. To facilitate and sustain the VLS growth, indium catalyst is introduced based on thermodynamic consideration. The employment of mesoporous molecular sieves (MCM-41) helps to prevent the coalescence of catalyst droplets and to promote nucleation statistics. Both GaN and AlN nanowires have been synthesized using MOCVD. Three-dimensional AlNGaN trunk-branch nanostructures are reported to illustrate the versatility of incorporating the VLS mechanism into MOCVD process. © 2005 American Institute of Physics.
55 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/046-539-752-343-072 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Catalysis; Catalysts; Growth kinetics; Indium; Metallorganic chemical vapor deposition; Molecular sieves; Nanostructured materials; Nanowires; Nitrides; Nucleation; Scanning electron microscopy; Stoichiometry; Supersaturation; Synthesis (chemical); Thermodynamics; Transmission electron microscopy; Trimethyl-gallium (TMGa); Trimethylaluminum (TMAl); Vapor-solid-liquid (VLS) growth mechanism; dept.phy

A hybrid epitaxy method for InAs on GaP - Chen, A; Yulius, Aristo; Woodall, J M; Broadbridge, Christine (Applied Physics Letters, 2004)
The interface formation mechanism during the molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) of InAs/GaP has been studied with the aid of the In-Ga-P phase diagram. It is discovered that an initial dissolution and crystallization process similar to liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) may happen at sufficiently high temperature, resulting in a graded composition at the interface. Consequently, "parasitic LPE/MBE" is the name for this hybrid form of MBE. High-resolution TEM images confirm the existence of the interfacial layer in the sample grown at high temperature. The graded interface smears out the band offset and leads to a nonrectifying heterojunction. Low-temperature (LT) MBE growth can turn off the LPE component, enabling the growth of an abrupt interface. Based on this "LPE/MBE" model, a LT MBE technique is developed to grow an abrupt InAs/InGaP interface for heterojunction power Schottky rectifiers. The LT InAs/InGaP heterojunction demonstrates nearly ideal Schottky rectifier characteristics, while the sample grown at high temperature shows resistive ohmic characteristics. The LT InAs/InGaP Schottky diode also demonstrates good stability with respect to anneal temperature, similar to the InAs/GaP heterojunctions. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
7 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/064-537-776-623-144 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Baliga figure of merit (BFOM); Current voltage characteristics; Liquid phase epitaxy; Metal-semiconductor (MS) diodes; Molecular beam epitaxy; Phase diagrams; Rapid thermal annealer (RTA); Rapid thermal annealing; Schottkey rectifiers; Schottky barrier diodes; Semiconducting gallium compounds; Semiconducting indium compounds; Transmission electron microscopy; dept.phy

Attitudes Toward Problem Solving as Predictors of Student Success - Cummings, Karen (AIP Conference Proceedings, 2004)
10 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/147-561-918-415-471, pop00071 tex.number: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.phy

Vapor-liquid-solid growth of III-Nitride nanowires and heterostructures by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition - Su, J; Gherasimova, M; Cui, G; Han, J; Lim, Sangyun; Ciuparu, Dragos; Pfefferle, Lisa D; He, Y; Nurmikko, A V; Broadbridge, Christine; Lehman, Ann Hein; Onuma, T; et al. (MRS Proceedings, 2004)
We report flexible synthesis of III-Nitride nanowires and heterostructures by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) via a catalytic vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mechanism. Indium is used as an in-situ catalyst to facilitate and sustain the stability of liquid phase droplet for VLS growth based on thermodynamic consideration. The employment of mesoporous molecular sieves (MCM-41) helps to prevent the coalescence of catalyst droplets and to promote nucleation statistics. Cathodoluminescence (CL) of GaN nanowires shows near band-edge emission at 370nm, and strong E 2 phonon peak is observed at room temperature in Raman scattering spectra. Both binary GaN and AlN nanowires have been synthesized by MOCVD. Three-dimensional AlN/GaN trunk-branch nanostructures are reported to illustrate the versatility of incorporating the VLS mechanism into MOCVD process. © 2005 Materials Research Society.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/001-591-869-918-808 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Catalysis; Heterojunctions; Metallorganic chemical vapor deposition; Molecular beam epitaxy; Nanoelectronics; Nanostructured materials; Nanowires; Nucleation; Optical characterization; Synthesis (chemical); Thermodynamics; Vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth; dept.phy

Understanding paramagnetic spin correlations in the spin-liquid pyrochlore Tb 2 Ti 2 O 7 - Kao, Ying-Jer; Enjalran, Matthew; Maestro, Adrian Del; Molavian, Hamid R.; Gingras, Michel J. P. (Physical Review B, 2003)
Recent elastic and inelastic neutron scattering studies of the highly frustrated pyrochlore antiferromagnet Tb2Ti2O7 have shown some very intriguing features that cannot be modeled by the local 〈111〉 classical Ising model, naively expected to describe this system at low temperatures. By including single-ion excitations from the ground state doublet to higher crystal field levels, we successfully describe the elastic neutron scattering pattern and dispersion relations in Tb2Ti2O7, quantitatively consistent with experimental observations. © 2003 The American Physical Society.
72 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00050 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: article; complex formation; correlation analysis; dept.phy; low temperature; molecular model; neutron scattering; oxygen; quantitative analysis; terbium; titanium

Thin film thickness and grain structure determination of ferroelectric SrBi2Ta2O9 with cross-sectional atomic force microscopy - Pechkis, Daniel L.; Caragianis-Broadbridge, Christine; Lehman, Ann Hein; Klein, Kate; Han, Jin-ping; Ma, Tso-Ping (Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2002)
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00148 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.phy

Alloy formation in nanostructured silicon - Gao, Bo; Sinha, Saion K.; Fleming, Les; Zhou, Otto (Advanced Materials, 2001)
250 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00001 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.phy

Microstructure and physical properties of ferroelectric-gate memory capacitors with various buffer layers - Caragianis-Broadbridge, Christine; Han, J; Ma, T P; Lehman, Ann Hein; Zhu, Wenjuan; Luo, Zhijiong; Pechkis, Daniel; Laube, Bruce L (MRS Proceedings, 2001)
This paper reports the microstructure and physical properties of ferroelectric capacitors formed from SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) layers on Si with various buffer layers including jet-vapor deposited silicon nitride, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide and thermally grown silicon oxide. Results from cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (X-TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) data coupled with capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage (I-V) data indicate that both the microstructure and physical properties of SBT films deposited on silicon are dependent on the buffer layer material employed.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/010-822-098-712-167 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Atomic force microscopy; Buffer layers; Capacitance; Capacitors; Electric currents; Electric potential; Energy dispersive spectroscopy; Ferroelectric devices; Ferroelectric-gate memory capacitors; Gates (transistor); Microstructure; Silica; Silicon nitride; Thin films; Transmission electron microscopy; X ray diffraction analysis; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy; dept.phy

Synthesis of silicon nano-dendrites - Sinha, Saion K; Gao, Bo; Zhou, Otto (MRS Proceedings, 2001)
A new branched silicon nanostructure called Silicon Nano-Dendrite (SiND) was prepared by Laser ablation. During the Laser ablation process, the Argon flow was switched on and off very fast and simultaneously decreasing the flow rate, to create a non-steady-state flow. The resulting structure will open up new avenues in molecular electronics as the FeSi2 nano-particle at the end can be used to grow nanotube-nanowire junctions.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/016-722-833-203-829 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Carbon nanotubes; Electron diffraction; Fullerenes; Laser ablation; Molecular electronic applications; Nanostructured materials; Semiconducting silicon; Semiconductor quantum dots; Silicon nano-dendrites; Synthesis (chemical); Transmission electron microscopy; dept.phy

Ethical challenges to citizens of ‘The automatic Age’: Norbert Wiener on the information society - Bynum, Terrell Ward (Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 2004)
This article discusses the foresight of philosopher/mathematician Norbert Wiener who, in the 1940s, founded Information Ethics as a research discipline. Wiener envisioned the coming of an “automatic age” in which information technology would have profound social and ethical impacts upon the world. He predicted, for example, machines that will learn, reason and play games; “automatic factories” that will replace assembly-line workers and middle managers with computerized devices; workers who will perform their jobs over great distances with the aid of new communication technologies; and people who will gain remarkable powers by adding computerized “prostheses” to their bodies. To analyze the ethical implications of such developments, Wiener presented some principles of justice and employed a powerful practical method of ethical analysis. © 2004, Emerald Group Publishing Limited
9 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/069-878-157-439-708 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Human purposes; Information ethics; Justice; dept.phi; peer-reviewed

Privacy as life, liberty, property - Volkman, Richard (Ethics and Information Technology, 2003)
The cluster of concerns usually identified as matters of privacy can be adequately accounted for by unpacking our natural rights to life, liberty, and property. Privacy as derived from fundamental natural rights to life, liberty, and property encompasses the advantages of the control and restricted access theories without their attendant difficulties., (C)2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers
28 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/009-294-459-957-177 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Access control; Data privacy; Information technology; Judith Thomson; Natural rights; Privacy; Right to privacies; Right to privacy; Social sciences; Thomson; dept.phi; natural rights; privacy; right to privacy

Introduction to cyberphilosophy - Moor, James H.; Bynum, Terrell Ward (Metaphilosophy, 2002)
9 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00167 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.phi

Computer ethics: Its birth and its future - Bynum, Terrell Ward (Ethics and Information Technology, 2001)
This article discusses some "historical milestones" in computer ethics, as well as two alternative visions of the future of computer ethics. Topics include the impressive foundation for computer ethics laid down by Norbert Wiener in the 1940s and early 1950s; the pioneering efforts of Donn Parker, Joseph Weizenbaum and Walter Maner in the 1970s; Krystyna Gorniak's hypothesis that computer ethics will evolve into "global ethics"; and Deborah Johnson's speculation that computer ethics may someday "disappear"., (C)2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers
23 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Place: (C)2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers Publisher: Department of Philosophy, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT 06515 USA E-mail: computer.ethics@home.com or bynum@southernct.edu
Keywords: Applied ethics; Computer ethics; Cybernetics; Global ethics; Information ethics; Information technology; Philosophical aspects; Professional responsibilities; Professional responsibility; Social sciences; applied ethics; computer ethics; cybernetics; dept.phi; global ethics; information ethics; professional responsibility; ❓ Multiple DOI

The challenge of applying ethics. - Bynum, Terrell Ward (Science and Engineering Ethics, 2001)
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/013-089-426-976-197 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: *Computers; *Ethics; Computers; Ethics; Humans; article; computer; dept.phi; ethics; human

Revolution and the library - Gorniak-Kocikowska, K (Library Trends, 2001)
The focus of this article is primarily on the impact that the computer revolution has on college/university libraries, although many of the issues discussed here are relevant to other types of libraries as well. The university library in its present form is a product of the printing press revolution. In all likelihood, the computer revolution will have an even more profound impact on the library than did the printing press revolution.
tex.unique-id: ISI:000168596400006
Keywords: dept.phi; ⛔ No DOI found

Family rituals that provide meaning for single-parent families: - Moriarty, Patricia Hale; Wagner, Linda D (Journal of Family Nursing, 2004)
The number of single-parent families has increased dramatically in the United States. The purpose of this study was to explore the types of family rituals present in single-parent families and their meaning within the family context. Little is known about family rituals in single-parent families, and therefore grounded theory was the qualitative research method used for this study. Unstructured face-to-face interviews were used to obtain data from a theoretical sample of seven single parents. Data analysis appropriate to the grounded theory method was utilized to identify a core variable and an emerging theory. Six types of rituals: connection, spiritual, love, recreation, celebration, and evolving were found to be used by these single-parent families as a way to facilitate family cohesion and instill family values. Applicability of the findings of this study are beneficial for nurses working with clients with diverse, changing, and complex social situations such as the single-parent family. © 2004 Sage Publications.
13 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/041-384-923-605-132 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Family health; Qualitative research; Rituals; Single-parent family; dept.nur

Adaptive urn designs for estimating several percentiles of a dose–response curve - Mugno, Raymond; Zhus, Wei; Rosenberger, William F (Statistics in Medicine, 2004)
Dose-response experiments are crucial in biomedical studies. There are usually multiple objectives in such experiments and among the goals is the estimation of several percentiles on the dose-response curve. Here we present the first non-parametric adaptive design approach to estimate several percentiles simultaneously via generalized Pó lya urns. Theoretical properties of these designs are investigated and their performance is gaged by the locally compound optimal designs. As an example, we re-investigated a psychophysical experiment where one of the goals was to estimate the three quartiles. We show that these multiple-objective adaptive designs are more efficient than the original single-objective adaptive design targeting the median only. We also show that urn designs which target the optimal designs are slightly more efficient than those which target the desired percentiles directly. Guidelines are given as to when to use which type of design. Overall we are pleased with the efficiency results and hope compound adaptive designs proposed in this work or their variants may prove to be a viable non-parametric alternative in multiple-objective dose-response studies. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
9 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/021-461-086-120-672 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: *Dose-Response Relationship; Drug; Adaptive design; Dose-Response Relationship; Drug; Dose-response experiment; Generalized Pólya urn; Guidelines; Guidelines as Topic; Likelihood Functions; Monte Carlo method; Non-parametric design; Psychophysics; United States; article; biostatistics; c-optimal design; cerebrovascular accident; clinical trial; dept.mat; dose response; experimental design; human; kinesthesia; maximum likelihood method; neurologic disease; nonparametric test; process optimization; psychophysics; sensory stimulation; statistical analysis; theoretical study; validation process

A coloring algorithm for finding connected guards in art galleries - Pinciu, Val (Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science, 2003)
In this paper we consider a variation of the Art Gallery Problem. A set of points script G sign in a polygon Pn is a connected guard set for Pn provided that is a guard set and the visibility graph of the set of guards script G sign in Pn is connected. We use a coloring argument to prove that the minimum number of connected guards which are necessary to watch any polygon with n sides is ⌊(n - 2)/2⌋. This result was originally established by induction by Hernández-Peńalver [3]. From this result it easily follows that if the art gallery is orthogonal (each interior angle is 90° or 270°), then the minimum number of connected guards is n/2 - 2. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003.
4 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/033-385-827-635-520 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Algorithms; Art gallery; Artificial intelligence; Coloring algorithms; Computer science; Computers; Visibility graphs; dept.mat

Connected guards in orthogonal art galleries - Pinciu, Val (International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, 2003)
In this paper we consider a variation of the Art Gallery Problem for orthogonal polygons. A set of points in a polygon Pn is a connected guard set for Pn provided that is a guard set and the visibility graph of the set of guards in Pn is connected. The polygon P n is orthogonal provided each interior angle is 90° or 270°. First we use a coloring argument to prove that the minimum number of connected guards which are necessary to watch any orthogonal polygon with n sides is n/2-2. This result was originally established by induction by Hernández-Peñalver. Then we prove a new result for art galleries with holes: we show that n/2-h connected guards are always sufficient to watch an orthogonal art gallery with n walls and h holes. This result is sharp when n = 4h + 4. We also construct galleries that require at least n/2-h-1 connected guards, for all n and h. © Springer-Verlag 2003.
4 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.type: Proceedings paper
Keywords: Art gallery; Art gallery problem; Geometry; New results; Visibility graphs; Watches; dept.mat

Numerical testing of the stability of viscous shock waves - Brin, Leon Q (Mathematics of Computation, 2001)
A new theoretical Evans function condition is used as the basis of a numerical test of viscous shock wave stability. Accuracy of the method is demonstrated through comparison against exact solutions, a convergence study, and evaluation of approximate error equations. Robustness is demonstrated by applying the method to waves for which no current analytic results apply (highly nonlinear waves from the cubic model and strong shocks from gas dynamics). An interesting aspect of the analysis is the need to incorporate features from the analytic Evans function theory for purposes of numerical stability. For example, we find it necessary, for numerical accuracy, to solve ODEs on the space of wedge products.
53 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/166-558-972-614-174 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.mat

Multiply guarded guards in orthogonal art galleries - Michael, T S; Pinciu, Val (International Conference on Computational Science, 2001)
We prove a new theorem for orthogonal art galleries in which the guards must guard one another in addition to guarding the polygonal gallery. A set of points G in a polygon Pn is a k-guarded guard set for Pn provided that (i) for every point x in Pn there exists a point w in G such that x is visible from w; and (ii) every point in G is visible from at least k other points in G: The polygon Pn is orthogonal provided each interior angle is 90° or 270°. We prove that for k ≥ 1 and n ≥ 6 every orthogonal polygon with n sides has a k-guarded guard set of cardinality (Formula Presented.) this bound is best possible. This result extends our recent theorem that treats the case k = 1. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001.
2 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.type: Proceedings paper
Keywords: Art gallery; Cardinalities; Computation theory; Geometry; dept.mat

Marketing mix standardization: a cross cultural study of four countries - Kustin, Richard Alan (International Business Review, 2004)
The study researched the possibility of standardizing the marketing mix by investigating the cross-cultural responses from the United States, Brazil, France and India. The study tested the premise of standardization by determining if respondents perceived specific attributes of a common non-durable consumer product the same or differently. The results indicate the opportunity for dynamic marketing standardization remains limited but applicable within specific cultural country markets. Several attribute perceptions between US and foreign respondents are found to be more similar than dissimilar suggesting advantages may exist for a limited implementation of marketing mix standardization as part of a global marketing strategy. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
40 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/105-801-656-093-770 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Consumer product; Cross-culture; Globalization; Hofstede; International marketing; Marketing mix; Standardization; dept.mkt

The animal within - Prince, Melvin; Davies, Mark (Business Strategy Review, 2004)
2 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/061-656-633-545-989 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.mkt

Consumer Income and Beliefs Affecting Happiness - Prince, Mel; Manolis, Chris (Advances in Quality-of-Life Theory and Research, 2003)
Recent syntheses of empirical studies have clearly demonstrated a consistently positive relationship between income and happiness. Research is needed to reduce uncertainty and disentangle such relationships, which have been found to be quite modest, but significant in the aggregate. The present study contributes to this end, in that it investigates the moderating effect of income on the relationship between beliefs that serve as internal buffers and happiness. We go beyond simple associations of income and happiness to examine relationships between income and self-esteem and between income and optimism. Finally, causal modeling is employed to demonstrate that, under varying income levels, these beliefs affect happiness by the same process — with distinct yet predictable outcomes.
Citation Key Alias: lens.org/057-629-356-812-189, pop00235
Keywords: beliefs; causal model; dept.mkt; happiness; income; money

A model of job performance, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction among sales and sales support employees at a pharmaceutical company - Prince, Melvin; Engle, Robert L; Laird, Kenneth R (Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management, 2003)
This study investigates the influence of role conflict, role ambiguity, and role strain on job performance, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction among field sales and company sales support employees in a single pharmaceutical company. Because this study is based on data from a single company, these results may not necessarily be generalized to all companies in the industry. In the present research, a path model of the process reveals important variations in response to role conflict, role ambiguity, and role strain between the two classes of employees. For both classes, the influence of decreased role ambiguity is generally positive for measured outcomes. However, reductions in role conflict, while lessening role strain, are likely to result in lower job performance for field sales employees. Decreases in role strain, while improving life satisfaction, may lead to lower job satisfaction for sales support employees. © 2003, Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. All rights reserved.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/119-485-139-151-393 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Job performance; dept.mkt; job satisfaction; life satisfaction; pharmaceutical sales; role strain

Factors affecting encoding, retrieval, and alignment of sensory attributes in a Memory‐Based brand choice task - Shapiro, Stewart; Spence, Mark T. (Journal of Consumer Research, 2002)
Sensory attributes, such as sound quality ascertained by listening to a stereo, are often ambiguous and therefore difficult to encode and retrieve. Despite this, consumers often place more weight on these attributes compared to verbally described market information when making brand choice decisions. Results from two studies demonstrate that providing criteria to evaluate the sound quality of competing brands of stereos facilitates the encoding, retrieval, and alignment of the sensory attribute in a brand choice task. Study 1 shows that without criteria to evaluate sound quality during trial, memory for this attribute is poor. Further, perceptions of sound quality assimilate to conflicting market information, which adversely affects decision performance. The reverse is true when evaluative criteria and a scheme to rate the criteria are provided: memory for sound quality improves, perceptions of sound quality contrast with conflicting market information, more weight is placed on sound quality when decision making, and better choices are made. Study 2 shows that providing evaluative criteria during product trial enhances performance through improvement in the encoding process.
40 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00067 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.mkt; peer-reviewed

Moderator teams: an extension to focus group methodology - Prince, Mel; Davies, Mark (Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 2001)
Traditional focus group methodology involves an individual trained moderator who manages the whole process from writing the focus group guide that directs the topics pursued, the interaction with participants, to interpretation, reporting and client feedback. Since their training, personality and orientation can vary differentially, this may lead to moderator bias. Proposes a new method that involves a series of complementary moderators that target specific areas of the guide that allows them to specialise in their particular experiences and orientations. These moderators are used sequentially on the same groups that offer the potential to avoid many of the problems associated with single-moderator discussion groups. Moreover, the chance to moderate the moderator keeps a check on how the sessions of each focus group develops, building in feedback between moderators, and reduces the prospects of misinterpretation and side-tracking by a single moderator. © 2001, MCB UP Limited
24 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/117-008-550-530-153 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Equal value; Focus groups; Management; dept.mkt

Using system dynamics to illustrate deming’s system of profound knowledge - Stepanovich, Paul L (Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 2004)
This article presents a systems dynamics model to illustrate some of the aspects of Deming's System of Profound Knowledge. As a pedagogical tool, it would serve as a useful introduction for those new to Deming's ideas. It not only introduces the main parts of his system, but also highlights their interconnectedness. The model environment, an interactive management flight simulator, and the model content combine to provide several learning opportunities. The model uses the assumptions of regression to the mean, the 80:20 Rule, random walks, and learned helplessness to present a theory of how, managers learn to reduce quality in organizations. Those interested in exploring or teaching Deming's System can use the model as a launching point from which to explore the system further. Running the simulation provides an opportunity to identify and challenge assumptions, explore the harmful effects of tampering, examine the fundamental attribution error, develop control charts, and challenge the application of behaviourism in management.
8 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/024-680-699-761-383 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Deming; Pedagogy; Quality; System dynamics; dept.mgt

Process mapping in successful ERP implementations - Okrent, Michael D; Vokurka, Robert J (Industrial Management and Data Systems, 2004)
This paper discusses the six core business processes and supporting technology that are impacted by an enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation. It begins with a brief history of the evolution of ERP and the information systems technology that enabled its development. A discussion of project implementation team preparations is followed by a description of process mapping and its significance to the success of an ERP implementation. Highlights of “As-Is” and “To-Be” process mapping and change management conclude the paper. © 2004, Emerald Group Publishing Limited
69 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/020-734-989-711-339 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Business processes; Costs; Enterprise resource planning; Information analysis; Information technology; Maintenance; Optimization; Planning tools; Process analysis; Process mapping; Resource management; Strategic planning; dept.mgt

Giving back: women's entrepreneurial philanthropy - Oppedisano, Jeannette (Women in Management Review, 2004)
Traditionally, the concept of entrepreneurship included a for-profit bottom line. Recently, however, researchers have begun to explore an adaptation of this model called “social entrepreneurship”; that is, creating organizations for the greater good of a community, region, nation, or the world. These entrepreneurs use money that they made or inherited to establish organizations from a missionary and visionary posture. This is an arena where women have had significant impact, yet little has been written to celebrate their contributions. The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of such philanthropy, to suggest where this social ethic might have had its origins, and to provide samples of women who have been entrepreneurial in their social commitment. Suggestions for future research on women's entrepreneurial philanthropy will also be made. © 2004, Emerald Group Publishing Limited
9 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/020-771-605-085-74X tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Entrepreneurialism; Philanthropy; Social action; United States of America; Women; dept.mgt

Leadership theory and practice: a “case” in point - Armandi, Barry; Oppedisano, Jeannette; Sherman, Herbert (Management Decision, 2003)
Leadership theory has little value if it cannot be applied to real world situations. A summary review of the literature on leadership theory is provided here first. A disguised real case concerning Ted Shade, a Vice-President at Galactic Chips, Inc. is then provided which describes a manager who is extremely task-oriented. The case analysis follows. It includes questions and answers which connect leadership theory to case specifics and requires learners to analyze the case using differing leadership models. © 2003, MCB UP Limited
26 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/066-531-695-412-316 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Leaders; Leadership; Management styles; Psychology; dept.mgt

Chinese students’ perceptions of women in management: will it be easier? - Frank, Ellen J (Women in Management Review, 2001)
An attitude survey was conducted with 72 management majors attending a prestigious business university in Beijing, China. The results indicate that there is still a significant “glass ceiling” effect to accepting women as they climb up the management hierarchy. The group estimated that it would take at least 32 years before equality would be reached. Women were less likely to prefer to work for a woman than for male subjects. Women were described as more incompetent, slower, weaker, more a follower-than-a-leader, more lenient, more democratic, less active, and more friendly than male managers. Women were significantly more in agreement with the idea of being both a professional and a wife. The results reflect a similar attitudinal position to US women. The conclusion is that it will not be easier for Chinese women to succeed than it is for women in theUSA. © 2001, MCB UP Limited
6 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/077-606-789-075-245 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Attitudes; China; Management; Managers; Perception; Women; dept.mgt

Gender distinctiveness, communicative competence, and the problem of gender judgments in computer-mediated communication - Sierpe, Eino (Computers in Human Behavior, 2005)
Despite persistent claims regarding the ability of text-based computer-mediated communication to neutralize gender identities, few researchers have worked on the problem of gender distinctiveness in textual production and interpretation, gender judgments, and more importantly, the role of gender in the process of impression formation in electronic communication. Against this background, the author addresses the theoretical aspects of gender in textual communication and places the problem of gender distinctiveness and gender judgments in CIVIC in the context of Hymes' model of communicative competence. He also isolates several variables worthy of investigation, namely, the provision of gender judgments, accuracy, and certainty. He then reconceptualizes the problem of gender distinctiveness and impression formation in CIVIC by bridging the gap between textual markedness and expectations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
7 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/055-557-328-035-914 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Communicative competence; Computer-mediated communication; Electronic communications; Formal languages; Gender judgments; Linguistics; Problem solving; Research; dept.ils; peer-reviewed

Power information user model presents worthy premise but flawed methodology (multiple letters) - Iwema, C.L.; Sathe, N.; Lee, P.; Giuse, N. (Journal of the Medical Library Association, 2005)
Keywords: Community-Institutional Relations; Health Education; Humans; Inservice Training; Models; Organizational; Research Design; Tennessee; dept.ils; health care personnel; information dissemination; letter; library; library science; medical informatics; medical information system; methodology; public health; research; ⛔ No DOI found

The present and future of China's National Science and Technology Library - A new paradigm of sci-tech information resource sharing - Meng, Liansheng; Liu, Yan Quan (New Library World, 2005)
Purpose - The purpose of this case study is to explore the construction pattern and issues involved with the development of the National Science and Technology Library (NSTL) in China. Design/methodology/approach - This study was conducted through an analytical evaluation of the historical development of scientific and technological information sharing among libraries and information centers and issues around construction of the NSTL. Findings - Since the establishment of its network service system at the end of 2000, the NSTL has made rapid progress in constructing a sci-tech information resource sharing system and offering web-based information services to the patrons of scientific and technical communities all over China. Originality/value - This paper is the first exploration that brings to the forefront the foundational background of the NSTL, the characteristics of its organizational structure, the functions of its service, and the tentative plan to increase its accessibility and usability. Symptomatic of the function of the NSTL constructing pattern will hopefully shed light not only to the reformation of the Chinese sci-tech information management system, but also to the development of scientific digital libraries in the world. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
4 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/003-870-955-879-723 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: China; Digital libraries; Document management; Information services; National libraries; Worldwide web; dept.ils

Library preservation in Russia: hope and despair on the edge of the technological revolution - Popova‐Gosart, Ulia (Library Management, 2004)
The paper discusses the state of library preservation as the main problem of library management in Russia during the times of transition to digital environments. Today, Russia's extensive library system is undergoing a paradigm change toward the implementation of information technology (IT) to develop public access to information, that is perceived to be vital for the growth of the country. The first principal projects to elevate Russia to the ranks of the technologically advanced started as recently as 1990s, and, although having had some success, the country's digital resources remain grossly inadequate to support the growing public demand for information and education. Despite its state of retardation, the problems of preserving digital sources in Russia are evident to concerned specialists in the fields of informational science and archive work. Although these and other related problems are not addressed widely enough, they have gradually surfaced as an undeniable priority for the international preservation community. There is a promise to continue the necessary training and education that will link the national Russian library system with more collaborative projects and with leading international organizations. © 2004, Emerald Group Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00246 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Digital storage; Libraries; Russia; dept.ils

Managing the information revolution: library management, the control of prescriptive technologies, and the future of librarianship - Sierpe, Eino (Library Management, 2004)
This article seeks to promote a critical perspective on the present conceptualization of library management and the problems posed by technology. More specifically, it addresses the challenges faced by library administrators in relation to computing technologies. Through the adoption of Ursula Franklin's view of technology as “practice”, the article contrasts the practice of holistic and prescriptive technologies in library contexts. It also addresses the transformations of librarianship and the increasing adoption of prescriptive technological models. To exemplify the ongoing destruction of traditional librarianship, the three practices that comprise the fundamentals of librarianship are analyzed, namely, cataloging, collection development, and reference work. © 2004, Emerald Group Publishing Limited
3 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00170 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Information management; Librarianship; Libraries; dept.ils

Best practices, standards and techniques for digitizing library materials: a snapshot of library digitization practices in the USA - Liu, Yan Quan (Online Information Review, 2004)
This study investigates current practice in digitizing library materials in the USA. Building a good digital collection has been a common task, pervasive in all types of libraries. Digitization becomes more and more crucial, affecting libraries while they work towards becoming digital. Researchers and practitioners would like to know what practices have been developed to deal with the challenges that pose the most significant problems or concerns for libraries in digitization. Through probing some widespread issues on what materials to digitize, and the associated standards and technologies in digitization in US libraries, this survey of current literature reveals a number of prominent library digitization practices, methods and challenges, and highlights the best practices, trends and interests in library digitization pertaining to both policy and technology marketplace issues.
17 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/059-597-493-339-542 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Analog to digital conversion; Data processing; Digital libraries; Document image processing; Electronic media; Information and Library Science; Multimedia systems; Project management; Public policy; Societies and institutions; Standards; Technical problems; United States of America; dept.ils

Is the education on digital libraries adequate - Liu, Yan Quan (New Library World, 2004)
This study investigates the state of education for digital libraries. For this study, a Web survey was conducted of syllabi of courses on the subject of digital libraries (DL). Similarities and differences on such subjects as teaching emphases, course outlines, textbooks and assignments were compared. The majority of classes now contain a “hands-on” element, a practical component of the course that requires that the students interact with digital libraries. Not all of the course contents are up-to-date in the field of library and information technology. While the quality of DL education seems to have advanced at those schools and institutions that offer classes with “hands-on” requirements, the educational approach at many of the “hands-off” universities seems somewhat technophobic and overly dependent on outdated pedagogical methods. Those students who have received practical experience with digital libraries, like those provided in the “hands-on” courses, appear to be best served for future practice in the field of librarianship. © 2004, Emerald Group Publishing Limited
12 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/049-352-432-311-492 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Digital libraries; Europe; Libararies; Library facilities; North America; Surveys; dept.ils

Preparation, microstructure and physical characteristics of ferroelectric pb 5 ge 3 O 11 thin films for memory application - Liu, Y. X.; Caragianis-Broadbridge, Christine; Lehman, A. H.; McGuinness, J. K.; Ma, Tso-Ping (MRS Proceedings, 2003)
We report sol-gel process of Pb5Ge3O11 (PGO) as well as the microstructure and physical properties of ferroelectric PGO films for memory applications. The PGO sol was prepared from lead acetate hydrate, germanium isopropoxide, and di(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether. The reactions taking place during the sol-gel process were examined in detail, Diethanolamine (DEA) was added to help maintain the desired species ratio and prevent germanium oxide precipitation. The preferred orientation of the PGO thin films was well controlled by the heating and reflux procedures in the sol-gel preparation process. Additionally, to examine the impact of post-deposition processing, selected samples were oxygen annealed at temperatures ranging from 450-650°C. The samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), non-contact (planview) atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM). The resulting data indicate that the microstructure and physical properties of PGO films depend strongly on the precursor preparation as well as the post deposition annealing temperature.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00135 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Atomic force microscopy; Ferroelectric materials; Glove boxes; Isopropoxide; Lead compounds; Low-power memory; MISFET devices; Microstructure; Sol-gels; Thermal effects; Thin films; X ray diffraction; dept.ils

Where does professional education on digital libraries lead our new librarians - Liu, Yan Quan (International Conference on Asian Digital Libraries, 2003)
This study investigates the state of school education for digital libraries. For this study, a web survey was conducted of syllabi of courses on the subject of digital libraries. Similarities and differences on such subjects as teaching emphases, course outlines, textbooks and assignments were compared. The majority of classes now contain a "hands-on" element, a practical component of the course that requires that the students interact with digital libraries. Those students who have received practical experience with digital libraries, like those provided in the "hands-on" courses, are best served for future practice in the field of librarianship. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.type: Proceedings paper
Keywords: Digital libraries; E-learning; Education; Practical experience; Professional education; School education; Students; Teaching; Web surveys; dept.ils

Transformations of Librarianship in Support of Learning Communities - Sierpe, E.; De la Peña McCook, K. (Reference and User Services Quarterly, 2003)
Keywords: dept.ils; ⛔ No DOI found

The use of statistics in the managerial process by public library directors in China and the USA: a cross‐country survey - Liu, Yan Quan (Library Management, 2001)
Librarians have been involved in collecting and disseminating statistics for many years. Utilising statistics to describe and assess the operation of library activities as a part of library tradition has received growing attention from researchers, policymakers, library managers, and professionals. However, few studies have investigated how statistics are used in libraries. This report compares directors’ uses of statistics provided by national agencies in the USA and China to highlight the differences and similarities between the ways in which the two groups of directors make use of statistics, and the statistical information that directors find particularly useful. The results are intended to provide library administrators with an insight of how library statistics are used in the managerial process, and may also help the national statistical providers to obtain an understanding of the characteristics and pattern of use of their products. © 2001, MCB UP Limited
3 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00177 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: China; Libraries; Management; Public Libraries; Statistics; USA; dept.ils

The transition from paper to electronic journals: Key factors that affect scholars' acceptance of electronic journals - Kim, Hak Joon (Serials Librarian, 2001)
The primary purpose of this paper is to investigate what factors crucially affect scholar's acceptance of e-journals. Before reviewing various aspects of e-journals, it is necessary to fully understand the traditional journal system, because the developments, roles, and deficiencies of the paper journal system will illustrate some basic requirements for successful e-journals. This article also examines the developments of e-journals and presents a comprehensive examination of the economic, technological and cognitive, and sociological aspects of e-journals based upon an extensive literature review. With regard to the economic and technological and cognitive aspects, the benefits of scholarly e-journal publishing appear to be, by and large, favorable to the transition from paper to electronic journals. However, the major stumbling block is the credibility of scholarly e-journals. Whether or not scholars can obtain the same recognition or rewards through e-journal publication as they obtain through paper journal publication must be one of the key factors that affect scholar's acceptance of e-journals.
6 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/000-081-770-161-36X tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Electronic journals; Journal functions; Journal system; Scholarly communication; Scientific reward system; dept.ils

A comparison of public library use of statistics – a cross‐country survey report - Liu, Yan Quan (New Library World, 2001)
Librarians have been involved in collecting and disseminating statistics for many years. Utilizing statistics to describe and assess the operation of library activities as a part of library tradition has received growing attention from researchers, policymakers, library managers, and professionals. However, few studies have investigated how statistics are used in libraries. This report compares directors’ uses of statistics provided by national agencies in the USA and China to highlight differences and similarities of the uses the two countries’ directors make of statistics and the statistical information that directors find particular useful. The results are intended to provide library administrators with an insight of how library statistics are used in the managerial process and may also help the national statistical providers to obtain an understanding of the characteristics and pattern of use of their products. © 2001, MCB UP Limited
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/154-713-030-974-661 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: China; Librarians; Libraries; Management; Statistics; USA; dept.ils

Development of a web-based faculty publications database - Bai, S.; Kelly, P. (Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 2000)
Keywords: Connecticut; Databases; Bibliographic; Faculty; Medical; Internet; Libraries; Medical; Publications; Universities; article; data base; dept.ils; education program; information system; library; publication; research; ⛔ No DOI found

Gedachtes wohnen: Heidegger and cultural geography - Paddock, Troy (Philosophy & Geography, 2004)
6 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/024-707-720-981-012 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: cultural geography; dept.his

The historiography of american violence - Leonard, Ira M; Leonard, Christopher C (Homicide Studies, 2003)
Historians have generally agreed that the United States has always been an extremely violent nation; however, since the 1950s they have been myopic in their treatment of violence in America and have not provided the American people with essential information about their society and culture. Those historians who focused on violence in America, until the 1990s, have focused on only one form of violence—collective social violence. Largely overlooked, and equally significant, are interpersonal violence (including criminal and domestic violence) and the effect of war. This deficiency helps explain why Americans seem genuinely at a loss to understand the nature, character, and frequency of violence in America's past and present, especially when a high-profile violent incident occurs. This article surveys the historiography of violence in America through the 1990s and examines the contributions of historians and legal scholars who have focused on interpersonal and criminal violence. © 2003, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.
6 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/168-886-742-543-29X tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.his; historiography; lynching; riots; vigilantism

The pennsylvania state equal rights league and the northern black struggle for legal equality, 1864-1877 - Davis, Hugh (Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 2002)
Citation Key Alias: lens.org/021-378-663-485-819 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.his; ⛔ No DOI found

Out of Africa - Feinberg, H.M.; Solodow, J.B. (Journal of African History, 2002)
This article traces the origins of the familiar quotation, 'there is always something new coming out of Africa'. It demonstrates that the phrase was a proverb that originated in Greece no later than the fourth century BC. It charts the transmission of the phrase from Aristotle to the twentieth century, noting that Erasmus is the most important link in the Renaissance and that he may be responsible for the current form in which the phrase is used. The article also shows that the meaning of the phrase was very different in ancient times from what it is today. Whereas 'something new' to Aristotle meant strange hybrid animals, current writers use the phrase with a sense of admiration.
9 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31]
Keywords: Africa; Historiography; dept.his; dept.wll; history; perception; regional geography

Managing ball retrieval in skill practice situations - Webb, Daniel; Kozub, Francis M; Yang, Jinjin (Strategies, 2003)
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/015-980-621-552-82X
Keywords: dept.hms

A focus group study of DES daughters: implications for health care providers. - Duke, Suzanne S; Mcgraw, Sarah A; Avis, Nancy E; Sherman, Amanda (Psycho-oncology, 2000)
A focus group study of women exposed to diethylstiibestrol (DES) in utero (DES daughters) was conducted to gain understanding about exposure to this drug from a patient perspective. Focus group participants reported that learning about their DES exposure was devastating; they experienced strains in their family relationships, emotional shock, a feeling that their health concerns were not appreciated by others and, to some degree, a sense of social isolation. Although many were aware of the need for special gynecological exams and high-risk prenatal care, they were frustrated by what they felt was a lack of reliable and clear information about the effects of DES exposure. Most expressed questions and anxiety about their health. Many found their communication with physicians about their DES exposure unsatisfying. They felt that physicians lacked information about the long-term health effects of DES exposure and as a result did not give them accurate information. Furthermore, they felt that physicians were dismissive of their concerns and often gave what they felt to be false reassurances. Consequently, the women developed an enduring distrust of the medical profession. The results of the study suggest implications for the delivery of health care to DES daughters. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
8 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: ISI:000089779700009, lens.org/076-727-546-105-731 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: *Abnormalities; Drug-Induced/px [Psychology]; *Carcinogens/ae [Adverse Effects]; *Diethylstilbestrol/ae [Adverse Effects]; *Focus Groups; *Genitalia; Female/de [Drug Effects]; *Nuclear Family/px [Psychology]; *Stress; Psychological/et [Etiology]; Abnormalities; Drug-Induced; Adult; Carcinogens; Diethylstilbestrol; Female; Focus Groups; Genitalia; Female; Human; Humans; Life Change Events; New York; Nuclear Family; Physician-Patient Relations; Self-Help Groups; Stress; Psychological; Support; U.S. Gov't; P.H.S.; adenocarcinoma; adult; anxiety; article; awareness; clinical article; clinical research; dept.hms; diethylstilbestrol; doctor patient relation; drug exposure; emotional stress; female; health care delivery; health education; health promotion; human; life event; patient counseling; patient education; patient satisfaction; physician attitude; prenatal care; risk assessment; social isolation; vagina cancer

Exposure to diethylstilbestrol: design of a multilevel community intervention - Duke, Suzanne S.; McGraw, Sarah A.; Avis, Nancy E. (Health Promotion Practice, 2000)
The planning of community health education interventions aimed at multiple levels is complex and challenging. This challenge is increased when a primary audience is difficult to reach. Individuals who were exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) decades ago represent a difficult-to-reach audience because they are not always aware of their exposure or the health risks of their exposure. However, DES-exposed individuals need specific screening and health care. An intervention was developed to increase awareness about DES in Nassau County, New York to address this concern. The Precede-Proceed Model was used to develop distinct intervention strategies to reach the general public, which includes individuals who may not be aware that they were exposed; those who are aware of their exposure but may not be following recommended health care practices; and community physicians. Behavioral targets, determining factors, and intervention goals were identified for each group. Specific intervention strategies were planned and implemented for each target audience. Addressing three target audiences simultaneously may produce a synergistic effect, enhancing program impact. © 2000, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.
1 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00199 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.hms; peer-reviewed

The Kyrgyz Republic's Liminal Media: assessing a journalistic rite of passage - Manzella, Joseph C; Yacher, Leon (Journalism Studies, 2005)
In the Western world, the Kyrgyz Republic has been depicted as a democratic success story. Indeed, unlike other Central Asia nation states, the Kyrgyz media appears on the surface relatively free. This paper examines the Kyrgyz press in the context of journalistic ideologies, and suggests that the republic's media is going through an important transitional phase, the central stage of a journalistic rite of passage. Part of that transitional process is an ongoing ideological tug-of-war that awaits resolution. It is suggested that such resolution may occur only when the press becomes economically self-sustaining. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
4 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/158-223-242-778-009 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Journalistic Ideologies; Kyrgyz Media; Rite of Passage; dept.egm

Citrate-mediated increase in the uptake of weathered 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)1,1-dichloroethylene residues by plants - White, Jason C; Kottler, Bennett D (Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2002)
Experiments were conducted to determine the ability of citrate to enhance the plant uptake of weathered 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)1,1-dichloroethylene (p, p′-DDE) from soil. Plots containing three rows of clover, mustard, hairy vetch, or rye grass were constructed in soils containing p, p′-DDE. On 11 occasions, the rows of each crop received water or sodium citrate (0.005 or 0.05 M). For each crop, there were significant reductions in p, p′-DDE concentration in the soil fractions (near root and rhizosphere) closely associated with the plant versus bulk soil. The roots of each crop accumulated 2 to 5 times more of the weathered contaminant (dry wt) than present in the bulk soil. Citrate (0.05 M) increased the concentration of p, p′-DDE in the roots of clover, mustard, and hairy vetch by 39% compared with vegetation that received water. In batch desorption studies, the release of weathered p, p′-DDE was significantly greater in the presence of 0.05 M citrate than in water. Citrate increased the extracted aqueous concentrations of five metal ions (Al, Fe, Ca, K, Mn) from soil by five- to 23-fold over distilled water. We hypothesize that citrate physically disrupts the soil through chelation of structural metal ions and release of bound humic material, facilitating p, p′-DDE availability and uptake by plants.
53 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/105-453-614-423-729 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: 1; 1 dichloro 2; 2 bis(4 chlorophenyl)ethylene; Bioavailability; Biodegradation; Environmental; Brassica; Chelating Agents; Chelation; Citric Acid; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Drug Interactions; Extraction; Humic Substances; Impurities; Insecticides; Ions; Metals; Organic compounds; Phytoremediation; Plants; Plants (botany); Secale cereale; Sequestration; Soil Pollutants; Soil fractions; Soil pollution; Tissue Distribution; Trifolium; Vegetation; Vicia; Vicia villosa; Water; aluminum; aqueous solution; article; bioavailability; biological uptake; bioremediation; calcium; chelation; citric acid; clover; concentration (parameters); dept.egm; desorption; iron; manganese; metal ion; nonhuman; phytoremediation; plant; plant root; potassium; priority journal; rhizosphere; rye; soil pollution; water

Influence of soil moisture on the sequestration of organic compounds in soil. - Kottler, Bennett D.; White, Jason C.; Kelsey, Jason W. (Chemosphere, 2001)
A study was conducted as a part of continuing investigation of the effect of soil moisture on the sequestration of organic compounds aged in the soil. Here, experiments focused on the effects of moisture changes within the soil before, during, and after contaminant addition. The extractability of aged (68 d) phenanthrene was greater from soil that had been subjected to wetting and drying cycles prior to solute addition as compared to soil initially maintained at constant moisture. The recovery of phenanthrene added to moist soil was increased relative to extractability from soil that was air-dried at the time of the contaminant addition. Repeated wetting and drying of soil after the addition of atrazine or phenanthrene resulted in decreased extractability of the compounds as compared to samples maintained at constant moisture. A method for rapidly sequestering contaminants is proposed and may be useful in limiting the time required for laboratory studies involving "aged" contaminants. These data build upon the findings of earlier work from our laboratory and indicate that changes in the moisture conditions of soil can affect the availability of sequestered contaminants possibly through alterations in the structure of the natural solid. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.
46 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00068 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Aging; Atrazine; Bioavailability; Biological Availability; Extraction; Organic Chemicals; Phenanthrene; Phenanthrenes; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Water; article; atrazine; bioavailability; chemical structure; dept.egm; extraction; leaching; moisture; organic compound; phenanthrene; phenanthrene derivative; soil moisture; soil pollution; solid state; wetting-drying cycle

Lessons in managed destination competitiveness: the case of Foxwoods casino resort. - d'Hauteserre, Anne-Marie (Tourism Management, 2000)
Foxwoods, which started as a Binge gaming facility, has become the largest casino in the western world. It is one of the most competitive tourist destinations in the world and can teach a few lessons about managing competitiveness. The visionary entrepreneurial activity, strategic management decisions of its owners and the Mashantucket Pequots are the reasons for its existence and its success, not some circumstantial fluke. The Pequots understood the destination's potential initial advantage. They then sought to avoid that Foxwoods casino and resort slip into McGambling or wither in the face of increasing competition for the entertainment/leisure dollar in the eastern United States by modifying its market positioning. They are now nudging it toward a broadly diversified base of entertainment. All along they empowered their employees to support their clear mission for the resort. Part of their strategy is to transform southeastern Connecticut into a synergistic tourist destination for their and the region's benefit. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
139 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00009 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Competitiveness; Connecticut; Foxwoods; Gam(bl)ing; Strategic planning; Tourist destination; United States; competitiveness; dept.egm; gambling; management practice; recreational activity; tourism economics

An American perspective on equal educational opportunities - Russo, C; Perkins, B (Perspectives in Education, 2004)
The United States Supreme Court ushered in a new era in American history on May 17, 1954 in its monumental ruling in Brown v Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas. Brown is not only the Court's most significant decision on race and equal educational opportunities, but also ranks among the most important cases it has ever decided. In Brown a unanimous Court struck down the pernicious doctrine of “separate but equal” in holding that the de jure segregation of students in public schools on the basis of race deprived minority children of equal educational opportunities in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In addition to its impact on school desegregation, Brown has been the catalyst for revolutionary change influencing just about every facet of American society. Given the breadth of changes that it spawned, this article briefly reviews the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown before turning to the two most important educational areas where it has been the key, namely special education and sexual harassment.
tex.unique-id: ISI:000223927200004
Keywords: dept.eng; ⛔ No DOI found

Professional sovereignty revisited: The Network Transformation of American Medicine?. - Savage, Deborah A (Journal of health politics, policy and law, 2004)
3 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Place: United States Savage, Deborah A. Southern Connecticut State University, USA.
Keywords: *Hierarchy; Social; *Professional Autonomy; *Social Change/hi [History]; *Sociology; Medical/hi [History]; Education; Medical; Education; Medical/hi [History]; Health Policy; Health Policy/hi [History]; Hierarchy; Social; History; 19th Century; History; 20th Century; Humans; Politics; Power (Psychology); Power; Psychological; Professional Autonomy; Professional Corporations; Professional Corporations/hi [History]; Social Change; Sociology; Medical; Sociology; Medical/ec [Economics]; United States; dept.eco; health care organization; health care planning; health care system; health economics; history of medicine; hospital; medical decision making; medical education; medical practice; medical profession; medical society; medical technology; politics; review; social evolution; social interaction; social structure

Monetary policy, composite leading economic indicators and predicting the 2001 recession - Mostaghimi, M (Journal of Forecasting, 2004)
On 26 November 2001, the National Bureau of Economic Research announced that the US economy had officially entered into a recession in March 2001. This decision was a surprise and did not end all the conflicting opinions expressed by economists. This matter was finally settled in July 2002 after a revision to the 2001 real gross domestic product showed negative growth rates for its first three quarters. A series of political and economic events in the years 2000-01 have increased the amount of uncertainty in the state of the economy, which in turn has resulted in the production of less reliable economic indicators and forecasts. This paper evaluates the performance of two very reliable methodologies for predicting a downturn in the US economy using composite leading economic indicators (CLI) for the years 2000-01. It explores the impact of the monetary policy on CLI and on the overall economy and shows how the gradualness and uncertainty of this impact on the overall economy have affected the forecasts of these methodologies. It suggests that the overexposure of the CLI to the monetary policy tools and a strong, but less effective, expansionary money policy have been the major factors in deteriorating the predictions of these methodologies. To improve these forecasts, it has explored the inclusion of the CLI diffusion index as a prior in the Bayesian methodology. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
10 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.unique-id: ISI:000225169500001
Keywords: Bayesian probability forecasting; Classical statistical decision theory; Composite leading indicators; Composite leading indicators (CLI); Composite leading indicators diffusion index; Diffusion index; Geochronology; Industrial economics; Information theory; Monetary policy; Predicting recessions; Probability; Public policy; Quality control; Set theory; Statistical methods; US economy; Us economy; dept.eco; dept.fin

Orange county bankruptcy: financial contagion in the municipal bond and bank equity markets - Halstead, John M; Hegde, Shantaram P; Klein, Linda S (The Financial Review, 2004)
We examine the spillover wealth effects of the Orange County, California bankruptcy announcement in December 1994 on municipal bonds, municipal bond funds, and bank stocks. This bankruptcy is prominent because of unprecedented losses and because it was caused by a highly leveraged derivatives strategy rather than a shortage of tax revenues and excess spending. We find contagion in the bond market with significantly negative abnormal returns for municipal bond funds without direct exposure to Orange County and for non-Orange County municipal bonds. In addition, our findings suggest the contagion spills over to the common stocks of investment and commercial banks that deal in or use derivatives; however, the equities of banks unexposed to derivatives are not affected. © 2004 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
13 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/009-297-207-159-99X tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Bank equity; Contagion; Derivatives; Fixed income; G2/H3/K2; Municipal financing; dept.eco; dept.fin

Currency substitution: evidence from latin america - Prock, Jerry; Soydemir, Gokce; Abugri, Benjamin A (Journal of Policy Modeling, 2003)
Currency substitution represents a shift from domestic currency to foreign currency and is often related to times of high and variable inflation. In this paper, we investigate the extent of currency substitution in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico using a vector error correction (VEC) model. We empirically test this hypothesis by introducing artificial shocks to the system of equations and find that M1 response to a one standard deviation increase in that country's interest rate is negative and significant for Argentina and Brazil but not for Mexico. An artificially introduced one standard deviation increase in nominal exchange rate results in a statistically significant increase in M1 in Argentina and Brazil but again not for Mexico. Based on the patterns of the impulse response functions (IRFs) and the magnitude of the coefficients, we conclude that currency substitution occurs to a greater extent in Argentina and Brazil than Mexico. This is reflective of the implementation of relatively more credible macroeconomic policies in Mexico after the December 1994 crisis. Thus from a policymaking perspective, it is important to consider that the greater the degree of currency substitution, the more sensitive a country's monetary aggregates are to sudden movements in exchange rates, productivity and interest rates. (C) 2003 Society for Policy Modeling. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
14 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/055-197-685-637-781 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Currency; Latin America; Substitution; VEC; dept.eco; dept.fin

In-class simulations of the iterated prisoner's dilemma game - Bodo, Peter (Journal of Economic Education, 2002)
The author developed a simple computer program for the in-class simulation of the repeated prisoner's dilemma game with student-designed strategies. He describes the basic features of the software and presents two examples for the use of the program in teaching the problems of cooperation among profit-maximizing agents.
7 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/054-763-823-999-033 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Computer simulation; Experiments; Prisoner's dilemma; Repeated games; dept.eco; dept.fin

Exchange rate adjustment in partially liberalized economy - Grubacic, Sanja (Economics of Planning, 2002)
This paper develops a model of exchange rate determination in partially liberalized post-socialist economy that operates under soft budget constraints in nontradable sectors. The model captures the factors that determine the evolution of a country's external balance during the initial phase of economic liberalization. Three types of disturbances are the center of analysis: liberalization of trade and foreign exchange regime, devaluation, and price liberalization. We show that the real exchange rate appreciation may either improve or worsen the trade balance depending on the sources of this appreciation. Thus, we argue that the real exchange rate cannot reflect true country's competitiveness unless all sectors are equally exposed to hard budget constraints. The model implications are further analyzed through the empirical evidence on the relationship between the real exchange rate and trade balance in three selected East European countries.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/112-769-447-810-08X tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Europe; Exchange rate; External balance; Liberalization; Post-socialist economy; Soft budget constraint; balance of trade; competitiveness; dept.eco; dept.fin; exchange rate; external balance; liberalization; post-socialist economy; real exchange rate; soft budget constraint

Information collection strategic design in experts-assisted decision making paradigm - Mostaghimi, Mehdi (Group Decision and Negotiation, 2001)
In an experts-assisted decision making paradigm, the information collection design becomes a strategic variable under a weak assumption that the final decision is dependent on the design used to collect information as well. As a result, the same information of the experts and the decision maker about the problem can potentially produce different final decisions for different information collection designs. The implication is that a decision maker can strategically select a design which serves his/her objective. This paper uses a Bayesian estimation methodology for combining experts' information with the decision maker's prior. An information collection process is designed by setting constraints on this model. Several designs are developed here using such controlled factors as a one-stage versus a two-stage decision process, experts' rank ordering, and group versus individual lobbying/consultation. An example is provided to illustrate the applicability of the concept. It is shown that the information produced in the process of producing a decision can also give insights into the impacts of the decision maker and the experts on the decision.
2 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/000-610-576-094-870 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Bayesian method; Experts-assisted decision making; Information theory; Reaching a consensus; dept.eco; dept.fin; experts-assisted decision making; information theory; reaching a consensus

Occurrence and dispersal of magmas in the jurassic ferrar large igneous province, antarctica - Elliot, David H; Fleming, Thomas H (Gondwana Research, 2004)
Tholeiitic rocks of the Ferrar Large Igneous Province (FLIP) occur in a linear belt from the Theron Mountains to Horn Bluff in the Transantarctic Mountains and extend into southeastern Australasia. The FLIP was emplaced during the initial stages of Gondwana break-up from a source suggested to be in the proto-Weddell Sea region. Magma transport from its source (Weddell triple junction) was controlled by an Early Jurassic zone of extension. The FLIP comprises the Dufek intrusion, Ferrar Dolerite sills and dykes (sheet intrusions), and extrusive rocks consisting of pyroclastic strata overlain by Kirkpatrick Basalt lavas. The Dufek intrusion occurs in deformed supracrustal rocks of the foldbelt along the paleo-Pacific Gondwana margin. A few sills were emplaced in basement rocks, but the majority of the sheet intrusions occur in flat-lying Devonian to Triassic Beacon strata. Only in the central Transantarctic Mountains (CTM) and south and north Victoria Land (SVL, NVL) are extrusive rocks preserved overlying Beacon strata. The greatest cumulative thicknesses of magmatic rocks (ca. 2 km) occur in areas where lavas are preserved (CTM and SVL). Sheet intrusions have complex relationships. Dyke swarms (sensu stricto) are unknown and dykes cutting basement rocks are uncommon. Nevertheless, these dykes, including a 30-m-wide dyke in SVL, suggest that some magmas locally migrated up through basement rocks. In CTM and NVL the outcrop belt has a width of about 160 km. Sills originally extended farther toward the plate margin but have been cut out by erosion and Cenozoic faulting, most clearly in CTM; geophysical data suggest extension under the East Antarctic ice sheet for at least 100 km. Although Early Jurassic extension is documented in CTM, major rift-bounding faults have not been observed. Models for magma emplacement include transport along the axis of the Transantarctic Mountains and off-axis transport from major rift-bounding faults. Contrasts in geochemistry between lavas of NVL (MgO=6-7%) and CTM (MgO=2-4%) and the presence of massive dolerite bodies (CTM, SVL) suggest discrete episodes and locations of magma emplacement, and that there was no long range interconnection along the mountain range in supracrustal rocks.
108 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/010-968-850-538-745 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Antarctica; Dispersal; Dyke; Ferrar; Gondwana; Jurassic; Magma; Sill; basement rock; continental breakup; dept.esc; emplacement; fold belt; large igneous province; magma; tholeiite

Colonization of a 'Lost world': encrustation patterns in modern subtropical brachiopod assemblages - Rodland, David L; Kowalewski, Michal; Carroll, Monica; Simoes, Marcello Guimaraes (Palaios, 2004)
The encrustation of Paleozoic rhynchonelliform brachiopods has been studied for decades, but modern brachiopods have not received similar scrutiny. The discovery of abundant subtropical brachiopods from the Southeast Brazilian Bight provides an unprecedented opportunity to assess epibiont abundance, diversity, and encrustation patterns in modern brachiopod assemblages. Across the outer shelf, encrustation frequencies vary among taxa, from mean values of 0.45% for Platidia to 9.3% for Argyrotheca. Encrustation frequencies for Bouchardia increase from 1.6% on the outer shelf to 84% on the inner shelf. Larger valves are encrusted more frequently, and epibionts preferentially colonize valve interiors. Increased encrustation on the inner shelf may reflect the greater surface areg of larger hosts, longer exposure of dead shells, water-mass characteristics, sedimentation rates, productivity, or other factors that vary with depth. Inner-shelf brachiopods exhibit encrustation frequencies comparable to those reported for epifaunal bivalves. The epibiont fauna is dominated by bryozoans and serpulids, with minor roles played by spirorbids, bivalves, barnacles, foraminifera, algae, and other taxa. Epibiont abundance at each site is highly variable, but sites are similar in rank importance of epibiont taxa. A different suite of epibionts colonized Paleozoic brachiopods, but similar patterns of encrustation have been observed, including preferential settlement according to valve morphology. These results provide a baseline for evaluating the encrustation of modern bivalves and ancient brachiopods, and may elucidate the macroevolutionary history of epibionts and their relationship to their hosts. © 2004, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).
43 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/009-264-058-710-061 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Argyrotheca; Atlantic Ocean; Bivalvia; Bouchardia; Brachiopoda; Brazilian Shelf; Bryozoa; Foraminifera; Platidia; Thoracica; algae; brachiopod; continental shelf; dept.esc; encrustation; epibiont; species diversity

Abandoned underground storage tank location using fluxgate magnetic surveying: A case study - Van Biersel, Thomas P; Bristoll, Bill C; Taylor, Robert W; Rose, James (Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, 2002)
In 1993, during the removal of a diesel and a gasoline underground storage tank at the municipal garage of the Village of Kohler, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, soil testing revealed environmental contamination at the site. A site investigation revealed the possibility of a second on-site source of petroleum contamination. Limited historical data and the present usage of structures within the suspected source area precluded the use of most invasive sampling methods and most geophysical techniques. A fluxgate magnetometer survey, followed by confirmatory excavation, was conducted at the site. The fluxgate magnetometer survey identified nine possible magnetic anomalies within the 18 × 25 m area. The subsequent excavation near the anomalies revealed the presence of five paired and two individual 2000 L underground storage tanks. The fluxgate magnetometer survey, although affected by the proximity of buildings, was able to detect the buried tanks within 3 m of the brick structures, using a 1.5 × 1.5 m sampling array.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/064-308-736-083-041 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Contamination; Excavation; Fuel storage; Fuel tanks; Groundwater pollution; Kohler; Magnetometers; Soil testing; Underground storage tanks; United States; Wisconsin; anomaly; dept.esc; magnetic survey; petroleum; site investigation; soil pollution; storage tank; underground storage

Addressing students' social and emotional needs: the role of mental health teams in schools. - Haynes, Norris M (Journal of health & social policy, 2002)
Children in today's society face many stresses from a variety of sources that have a major impact on thier psychosocial adjustment and academic performance in school. These stressful events and thier consequences on the quality of life and academic success are particularly significant among low-income and ethnic minority students in American society. Many schools have adopted strategies to help students who are impacted by stressful life events to deal affectively with their problems in an attempt to reduce school failure and school dropout rates among these students. Most notable among these strategies are school-based mental health programs including the establishment of school-based mental health teams which seek to proactively address individual student concerns while improving the general climate of schools. The evidence seems to support the claim that these school-based services have a positive impact on students' social and emotional well-being as well as on their academic achievements. However, with more careful monitoring and much more consistent support from administrators and policy makers, these school-based approaches can more fully realize their potential to enhance the quality of life and to positively impact the future of many poor and ethnic minority students.
33 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Place: United States Haynes, Norris M. Center for Community and School Action Research, Southern Connecticut State University, USA.
Keywords: *Mental Health Services/og [Organization & Administration]; *Patient Care Team; *School Health Services/og [Organization & Administration]; *Social Support; *Stress; Psychological/th [Therapy]; Adolescent; Child; Children's mental health; Female; Humans; Male; Minority mental health; School-based mental health; Social Problems; Social Work; Psychiatric; Social and emotional learning; Socialization; Student health; Teaching/mt [Methods]; United States; academic achievement; child; child care; dept.csp; emotional stability; ethnic group; health care need; human; life event; lowest income group; mental health; mental health service; policy; quality of life; review; school health service; social learning; social policy; social psychology; student; wellbeing

An approach to microCT image processing - Clark, Michael R; Daponte, John S; Sadowski, Thomas (Northeast Bioengineering Conference, 2005)
In scientific imaging, it is crucial to obtain precise images to facilitate accurate observations for the given application. However, often times the imaging equipment used to acquire such images introduces error into the observed image. Therefore, there is a fundamental need to remove the error associated with these images in order to facilitate accurate observations. This study investigates the effectiveness of an image processing technique utilizing an iterative deconvolution algorithm to remove error from micro-CT images. This technique is applied to several sets of in-vivo micro CT scans of mice, and its effectiveness is evaluated by qualitative comparison of the resultant thresholded binary images to thresholded binary images produced by more conventional image processing techniques; namely Gaussian filtering and straight thresholding. Results for this study suggest that iterative deconvolution as a pre-processing step produces superior qualitative results as compared to the more conventional methods tested. The groundwork for future quantitative verification is motivated. ©2005 IEEE.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.type: Proceedings paper
Keywords: Algorithms; Binary images; Biomedical engineering; Computerized tomography; Deconvolution algorithms; Errors; Image processing; Imaging systems; Iterative methods; Micro-CT image processing; Natural sciences computing; Scientific imaging; dept.csc

Visual enhancement of micro CT bone density images - Daponte, John S; Clark, Michael R; Damon, Megan; Kamins, Rebecca; Sadowski, Thomas; Tirrell, Charles (Visual Information Processing Conference, 2005)
The primary goal of this research was to provide image processing support to aid in the identification of those subjects most affected by bone loss when exposed to weightlessness and provide insight into the causes for large variability. Past research has demonstrated that genetically distinct strains of mice exhibit different degrees of bone loss when subjected to simulated weightlessness. Bone loss is quantified by in vivo computed tomography (CT) imaging. The first step in evaluating bone density is to segment gray scale images into separate regions of bone and background. Two of the most common methods for implementing image segmentation are thresholding and edge detection. Thresholding is generally considered the simplest segmentation process which can be obtained by having a user visually select a threshold using a sliding scale. This is a highly subjective process with great potential for variation from one observer to another. One way to reduce inter-observer variability is to have several users independently set the threshold and average their results but this is a very time consuming process. A better approach is to apply an objective adaptive technique such as the Riddler / Calvard method. In our study we have concluded that thresholding was better than edge detection and pre-processing these images with an iterative deconvolution algorithm prior to adaptive thresholding yields superior visualization when compared with images that have not been pre-processed or images that have been pre-processed with a filter.
1 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.type: Proceedings paper
Keywords: Adaptive technique; Algorithms; Bone; Bone density; Bone loss; Computerized tomography; Edge detection; Gray scale images; Image analysis; Image enhancement; Image segmentation; Medical imaging; Visualization; dept.csc

On the relationship between packet size and router performance for heavy-tailed traffic - Antonios, Imad; Lipsky, Lester (Network Computing and Applications, 2004)
The problem of characterizing the relationship between packet size and network delay has received little attention in the field. Research in that area has been limited to either simulation studies or empirical observations that are detached from analytic traffic modeling. From a queueing viewpoint, it is simple to show that these three variables are inter-related, which necessitates a more careful study. We present a traffic model of a router fed by ON/OFF-type sources with heavy-tailed burst sizes. The traffic model considered is consistent with the evidence that Web traffic is heavy-tailed. The analysis cases that are considered establish a quantitative characterization of the complex relationship among packet payload and header sizes, traffic burstiness, and router queueing delay. © 2004 IEEE.
3 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.type: Proceedings paper
Keywords: Automatic teller machines; Computer simulation; Local area networks; Mathematical models; Packet networks; Packet payloads; Poisson distribution; Queueing delay; Queueing networks; Queueing theory; Routers; Telecommunication traffic; Traffic models; Web traffic; World Wide Web; dept.csc

Genetic algorithm for network cost minimization using threshold based discounting - Podnar, Hrvoje; Skorinkapov, Jadranka (Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences, 2003)
We present a genetic algorithm for heuristically solving a cost minimization problem applied to communication networks with threshold based discounting. The network model assumes that every two nodes can communicate and offers incentives to combine flow from different sources. Namely, there is a prescribed threshold on every link, and if the total flow on a link is greater than the threshold, the cost of this flow is discounted by a factor α. A heuristic algorithm based on genetic strategy is developed and applied to a benchmark set of problems. The results are compared with former branch and bound results using the CPLEX® solver. For larger data instances we were able to obtain improved solutions using less CPU time, confirming the effectiveness of our heuristic approach. Copyright© 2003, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
1 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/121-335-792-346-263 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Genetic algorithm; Mixed integer programming; Network design; Threshold based discounting; dept.csc

Tracking remotely sensed cloud images in time and space - Daponte, John S; Vitale, Joseph N; Parikh, Jo Ann; Tselioudis, George (Proceedings of SPIE, 2001)
Temporal and spatial analysis was applied to a sequence of cloud top pressure (CTP) images and cloud optical thickness (TAU) images, and a storm tracking algorithm was proposed. A sequence of storm tracks from the satellite images was developed from the satellite images. Composite images were created by projecting ahead in time and substituting the first valid pixel for missing data, and a variety of CTP and TAU cut-off values were used to identify regions of interest. The region correspondences were determined from one time frame to another which yielded the storm center coordinates. The obtained tracks were compared to the storm tracks computed from sea level pressure data by matching the results first in time and then in spatial distance.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/054-660-919-588-122 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Algorithms; Climatology; Cloud top pressures (CTP); Clouds; Correspondence problem; Data reduction; Image analysis; Mathematical models; Radar tracking; Remote sensing; Satellite images; Sea level; Storm tracks; Storms; Temporal and spatial analysis; Weather forecasting; Weather satellites; dept.csc

Comparison of a geometric-based and an evolutionary technique for tracking storm systems - Parikh, Jo Ann; DaPonte, John S.; Vitale, Joseph N.; Tselioudis, George (Applications and Science of Computational Intelligence III, 2000)
The objective of this study is to compare geometric-based and evolutionary techniques for tracking storm systems from sequences of satellite images. Analysis was applied to the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project low resolution D1 database for selected storm systems during the month of September, 1988. During this time period there were two exceptionally long tracks of major hurricane systems, Hurricanes Gilbert and Helene. Cloud top pressure and cloud optical thickness were used to identify storm systems. The ability of the geometric-based and evolutionary techniques to generate tracks through storm regions was assessed. Differences in final tracking results between the two techniques resulted not only from the differences in methodology but also form differences in the type of preprocessed input used by each of the techniques. Tracking results were compared to results disseminated by the Colorado State/Tropical Prediction Center and maintained by the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida. For the hurricanes investigated in this study, both techniques were able to generate tracks which followed either most or some of the portions of the hurricanes. The evolutionary algorithm was in general able to maintain good continuity along the tracks but, with no knowledge of overall region movement, was unable to discern which of two possible directions would be best to pursue in cases where there were tow or more equally close storm systems components. The geometric method was able to maintain a smooth track close to the course of the hurricane except for confusion primarily at the beginning and/or end of tracks.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/150-990-700-698-062, pop00221
Keywords: Algorithms; Computational geometry; Database systems; Evolutionary computation; Image analysis; Satellite image processing; Satellites; Storm tracking; Storms; dept.csc

Switching theory approach to alarm correlation in network management - Aboelela, E; Douligeris, Christos (Local Computer Networks, 2000)
Several working or experimental management systems use expert systems techniques for fault management purposes. Although the effort in the area is still growing, most of the expert fault management systems developed were built in an ad-hoc and unstructured basis simply transferring the knowledge of the human expert into an automated system. However, to meet future challenges, a theoretical foundation for fault management must be established aiming to bridge the gap between the working systems and research, and to provide a general structured model easily expandable to future networks. In this paper an algorithm is proposed to simplify the set of clustered alarms. This algorithm is based on the techniques widely used in the Logic Design field to simplify switching functions. The performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed and the results are compared to those of a traditional algorithm.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] tex.type: Proceedings paper
Keywords: Alarm correlations; Algorithms; Correlation theory; Expert systems; Network management; Switching theory; Telecommunication networks; dept.csc

Field-by-field evaluation of intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography interpretative skills - Griffin, Michael J; Edwards, Bruce; Judd, Jon; Workman, Robert; Rafferty, T (Physiological Measurement, 2000)
A quality assurance system is essential for the credibility and structured growth of anaesthesiology-based transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) programmes. We have developed software (Q/A Kappa), involving a 400- line source code, capable of directly reporting kappa correlation coefficient values, using external reviewer interpretations as the 'gold standard', and thereby allowing systematic assessment of the validity of intraoperative echocardiographic interpretation. This paper presents assessment of the validity of 240 intraoperative anaesthesiologists' echocardiographic interpretations, and, in addition, the results of field testing of this prototypical software. Data, derived from consecutive cardiac surgery patients, consisted of standardized two-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiographic, colour flow and Doppler imaging sequences. Intraoperative and off-line 'gold standard' TEE interpretations were compared for 19 fields or variables using the Q/A Kappa program. The kappa correlation coefficients were highly variable and dependent on the examination field, ranging from 0.08 for apical regional wall motion scores to 1.00 for tricuspid regurgitation grade, left atrial measurement, aortic valve anatomy and left ventricular long axis and short axis global function. The correlation coefficients were also operator dependent. These data (480 interpretations) were also manually integrated into the equation required for calculation of values of the variable kappa correlation coefficient. The relationship between Q/A Kappa-derived values and manually calculated values was highly significant (p < 0.001; r = 1.0). The implications and possible explanations of the results for particular examination fields are discussed. This study also demonstrates successful seamless functioning of this software program from data entry, segmentation into tables and valid statistical analysis. These findings suggest that it is practical to provide sophisticated continuous quality improvement TEE data on a routine basis.
2 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/049-767-860-096-746 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Cardiovascular surgery; Coefficient values; Correlation coefficient; Echocardiography; Field-by-field evaluation; Gold standards; Intra-operative; Intraoperative; Kappa correlation; Line sources; Quality assurance; Quality assurance systems; Quality control; Software testing; Source codes; Transesophageal echocardiographies; Transoesophageal echocardiography; article; competence; controlled study; correlation function; dept.csc; heart surgery; human; intraoperative period; major clinical study; priority journal; quality control; transesophageal echocardiography

Evidence-based practice among speech-language pathologists: attitudes, utilization, and barriers. - Zipoli, Richard P Jr; Kennedy, Marianne (American Journal of Speech-language Pathology, 2005)
A total of 240 speech-language pathologists responded to a questionnaire examining attitudes toward and use of research and evidence-based practice (EBP). Perceived barriers to EBP were also explored. Positive attitudes toward research and EBP were reported. Attitudes were predicted by exposure to research and EBP practice during graduate training and the clinical fellowship year (CFY). Clinical experience and opinions of colleagues were used to guide decision making more frequently than research studies or clinical practice guidelines. Only exposure to research and EBP during the CFY predicted use of evidence-based resources. Respondents reported a decline in exposure to research and EBP as they moved from graduate training into the CFY. A lack of time was perceived as a barrier to EBP.
170 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Place: United States Zipoli, Richard P Jr. Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, USA. ecrpz@aol.com
Keywords: *Attitude of Health Personnel; *Data Collection/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]; *Evidence-Based Medicine; *Health Knowledge; Attitudes; Practice; *Speech-Language Pathology/st [Standards]; Clinical fellowship; Evidence-based practice; Humans; Practice issues; Research; Speech-Language Pathology/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]; Speech-language pathology; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States; dept.cmd

Educating and training caregivers of persons with aphasia - Purdy, Mary; Hindenlang, Jane (Aphasiology, 2005)
Background: Because communication deficits caused by aphasia affect both persons with aphasia and their communication partners, most speech-language pathologists are aware of the importance of client and caregiver education. To maximise the effectiveness of their communicative interactions, training should be conducted for both the aphasic clients and their caregivers. Training conducted in group environments offers peer support through shared learning experiences and joint problem solving. Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore the benefits of a caregiver education and training programme in improving communication between caregivers and their aphasic partners using didactic and experiential approaches in a group setting. Methods & procedures: Ten caregivers and their aphasic partners, ranging from 4 to 130 months post-stroke, participated in a 12-week group training and education programme. Information about stroke and aphasia was provided in a didactic format, and facilitative communication strategies were discussed and practised using Kolb's (1984) experiential learning cycle model. The experiential learning cycle involved drawing on concrete experiences, engaging in reflective observation and abstract conceptualisation, and practising what was learned through active experimentation. Outcomes & results: Analysis of communicative performance on transactional and interactional tasks demonstrated increased communicative success. Responses on a questionnaire indicated that participants had a better understanding of aphasia and were more confident using facilitating strategies. Conclusions: Group education and training for caregivers and their aphasic partners can be beneficial, even after the couple has been living with aphasia for a number of years. Having an opportunity to practise, observe, and reflect on their performances facilitated participants' learning, and there were observed and reported positive alterations in interactions. © 2005 Psychology Press Ltd.
45 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00096 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: adult; aged; aphasia; article; caregiver; cerebrovascular accident; clinical article; cognition; dept.cmd; disease severity; education program; experience; female; group therapy; health education; human; information dissemination; interpersonal communication; learning; male; medical education; patient education; peer-reviewed; problem solving; questionnaire; self concept; social support; task performance

Perception and Production of Prosody by Speakers with Autism Spectrum Disorders. - Paul, Rhea; Augustyn, Amy; Klin, Ami; Volkmar, Fred R (Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2005)
Speakers with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show difficulties in suprasegmental aspects of speech production, or prosody, those aspects of speech that accompany words and sentences and create what is commonly called "tone of voice." However, little is known about the perception of prosody, or about the specific aspects of prosodic production that result in the perception of "oddness." The present study examined the perception and production of a range of specific prosodic elements in an experimental protocol involving natural speech among speakers with ASD between 14 and 21 years of age, in comparison with a typical control group. Results revealed ceiling effects limiting interpretation of findings for some aspects of prosody. However, there were significant between-group differences in aspects of stress perception and production. The implications of these findings for understanding prosodic deficits is speakers with autism spectrum disorders, and for future research in this area, are discussed.
257 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Place: United States Paul, Rhea. Southern Connecticut State University, USA. rhea.paul@yale.edu
Keywords: *Autistic Disorder/co [Complications]; *Language Disorders/et [Etiology]; *Perceptual Disorders/et [Etiology]; *Phonetics; *Speech Disorders/et [Etiology]; *Speech Perception; Adolescent; Adult; Autism; Autistic Disorder; Humans; Language; Language Disorders; Language Disorders/di [Diagnosis]; Language Tests; Male; Perceptual Disorders; Perceptual Disorders/di [Diagnosis]; Phonetics; Prosody; Speech Discrimination Tests; Speech Disorders; Speech Disorders/di [Diagnosis]; Speech Perception; Speech Production Measurement; article; autism; child; clinical article; clinical protocol; controlled study; correlation analysis; dept.cmd; human; intelligence quotient; intermethod comparison; language; medical assessment; peer-reviewed; perception; priority journal; prosody; reliability; scoring system; speech; speech disorder; statistical significance; stress; task performance

Communication quality indicators: A survey of connecticut group home managers - Desimone, Evelyn A; Cascella, Paul W (Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 2005)
Thirty-one Connecticut group home managers responded to a 23-statement survey adapted from the Communications Supports Checklist for Programs Serving Individuals with Severe Disabilities (CSC; McCarthy et al., 1998, Paul H. Brookes, Baltimore, MD.). Results indicated that group home managers had very favorable opinions about the implementation of communication quality indicators in their group homes, and the degree of a resident's intellectual disability was not a factor in communication supports implementation. Three communication quality indicators were rated especially high: program philosophy, protection of communication rights, and assessment. Environmental support for communication was rated less favorably. Follow-up interviews with seven group home managers found that they especially valued direct care staff who understood a resident's idiosyncratic communication (e.g., response sensitivity). Managers also relied on team process for referral for ongoing speech-language consultation. Results from the surveys and interviews indicated that augmentative communication applications occurred less often than other quality communication indicators.
12 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/044-506-921-999-336 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Communication supports; Group home; Severe disabilities; dept.cmd; peer-reviewed

Gin (gaps-in-noise) test performance in subjects with confirmed central auditory nervous system involvement - Musiek, Frank E; Shinn, Jennifer B; Jirsa, Robert E; Bamiou, Doriseva; Baran, Jane A; Zaida, Elena (Ear and Hearing, 2005)
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the value of a new gap detection procedure called Gaps-In-Noise (GIN) for assessment of temporal resolution in a clinical population. DESIGN: The test consists of 0 to 3 silent intervals ranging from 2 to 20 msec embedded in 6-sec segments of white noise. The location, number, and duration of the gaps per noise segment vary throughout the test for a total of 60 gaps presented in each of four lists. The GIN procedure was administered to 50 normal-hearing listeners (group I) and 18 subjects with confirmed neurological involvement of the central auditory nervous system (group II). RESULTS: Results showed mean approximated gap detection thresholds of 4.8 msec for the left ear and 4.9 msec for the right ear for group I. In comparison, results for group II demonstrated a statistically significant increase in gap detection thresholds, with approximated thresholds of 7.8 msec and 8.5 msec being noted for the left and right ears, respectively. Significant mean differences were also observed in the overall performance scores (i.e., the identification of the presence of the gaps within the noise segments) of the two groups of subjects. Finally, psychometric functions, although similar for short and long duration gaps, were highly different for gaps in the 4- to 10-msec range for the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: A variety of psychoacoustic procedures are available to assess temporal resolution; however, the clinical use of these procedures is minimal at best. Results of the present study show that the GIN test holds promise as a clinically useful tool in the assessment of temporal resolution in the clinical arena. Copyright © 2005 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
235 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/052-315-028-506-509 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aneurysm; Auditory Diseases; Central; Auditory Threshold; Case-Control Studies; Cerebrovascular Accident; Electrophysiology; Evoked Potentials; Auditory; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Noise; Perceptual Masking; Reaction Time; Reproducibility of Results; Stroke; adolescent; adrenoleukodystrophy; adult; article; auditory nervous system; brain artery aneurysm; clinical article; controlled study; dept.cmd; false positive result; female; gaps in noise test; hearing; hemispheric dominance; human; learning disorder; male; noise; pitch; psychometry; psychophysics; pure tone audiometry; receiver operating characteristic; stroke; temporal summation; test retest reliability; white noise

Brief Report: Relations between Prosodic Performance and Communication and Socialization Ratings in High Functioning Speakers with Autism Spectrum Disorders. - Paul, Rhea; Shriberg, Lawrence; McSweeny, Jane; Cicchetti, Domenic; Klin, Ami; Volkmar, Fred (Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2005)
Shriberg et al. [ Shriberg, L. et al. (2001). Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 44, 1097-1115] described prosody-voice features of 30 high functioning speakers with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to age-matched control speakers. The present study reports additional information on the speakers with ASD, including associations among prosody-voice variables and ratings of communication social abilities. Results suggest that the inappropriate sentential stress and hypernasality previously identified in some of these speakers is related to communication/sociability ratings. These findings and associated trends are interpreted to indicate important links between prosodic performance and social and communicative competence. They suggest the need for careful assessment of inappropriate prosody and voice features in speakers with ASD, and for effective intervention programs aimed at reducing the stigmatization of individuals with these conditions., (C) Plenum Publishing Corporation 2005. All Rights Reserved.
131 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Place: (C) Plenum Publishing Corporation 2005. All Rights Reserved.
Keywords: Adolescent; Adult; Asperger syndrome; Autism; Autistic Disorder; Communication; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prosody; Severity of Illness Index; Socialization; Speech; Speech Production Measurement; Voice Quality; adolescent; adult; article; autism; child; clinical article; communication; communication skill; controlled study; dept.cmd; female; hospitalization; human; human experiment; interpersonal communication; linguistics; male; middle aged; nasal speech; peer-reviewed; priority journal; prosody; social adaptation; social psychology; socialization; speech; speech analysis; speech disorder; verbal communication; voice

Discharge Practices in the University Clinical Setting - McNamara, Kevin M.; Hindenlang, Jane; Cascella, Paul W. (Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders, 2004)
This study investigated the degree to which clinic directors rated the influence of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) discharge criteria and organizational factors on client discharge in the university setting. Results found that university clinic directors regarded ASHA's client-centered criteria to more strongly influence client discharge practices than did organizational factors. In fact, organizational factors (e.e., fee structure, resources, scheduling, disorder characteristics) were revealed to have little to no influence on discharge practices. Results have implications for the pre-professional education of student clinicians in the university clinic and how student clinicians are oriented to discharge practices across a variety of clinical settings.
2 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/193-563-257-057-896, mcnamaraDischargePracticesUniversity2004, pop00252
Keywords: dept.cmd

Pediatricians' opinions about otitis media and speech-language-hearing development - Sonnenschein, Esther; Cascella, Paul W (Journal of Communication Disorders, 2004)
Twenty-five pediatricians responded to a confidential survey about their opinions on the relationship between otitis media and children's speech-language-hearing status. Results found that pediatricians did not necessarily agree that otitis media has an impact on speech-language-hearing development. Pediatricians reported that an early otitis media onset (birth to age 2) affects speech-language development, but they also reported that parents and daycare environments could mitigate any otitis media effect. Pediatricians reported a possible otitis media impact on hearing status, but they did not necessarily agree that an otitis media history required referral for audiological testing. Clinical implications are discussed for collaboration among pediatricians, speech-language pathologists, and audiologists. Learning outcomes: (1) The reader will become familiar with pediatricians' opinions about the impact of otitis media on speech-language development. (2) The reader will become familiar with strategies to support interdisciplinary collaboration between pediatricians, speech-language pathologists, and audiologists. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
6 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/066-899-901-685-768 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: *Attitude to Health; *Hearing Disorders/ep [Epidemiology]; *Language Disorders/ep [Epidemiology]; *Otitis Media/ep [Epidemiology]; *Pediatrics; *Speech Disorders/ep [Epidemiology]; Child; Humans; Medical practices; Otitis media; Pediatricians; Speech-language development; dept.cmd; health survey; hearing; human; language development; medical practice; otitis media; pediatrician; questionnaire; review; speech development; thinking

Receptive communication abilities among adults with significant intellectual disability - Cascella, Paul W (Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 2004)
This study measured the receptive communication skills of 14 adults with significant intellectual disability living in community group homes in Connecticut. Group home staff members rated the 14 participants using it 14-item rating scale sensitive to the adult living situation. These individuals appeared to have relatively stronger skills for comprehension of single-step in-context directions and the ability to recognise that particular tangible objects represented certain daily routines. These individuals were relatively, weak in identifying,familiar people in photographs and common objects in magazines. Among these participants, persons with profound intellectual disability mere rated to hate lower receptive communication skills than persons with severe intellectual disability. Clinical implications are discussed for human service providers and education professionals.
12 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/030-482-068-114-825 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Down syndrome; adult; anxiety disorder; article; clinical article; depression; dept.cmd; developmental disorder; disability; disease severity; female; hearing loss; human; interpersonal communication; male; mental disease; psychosis; scoring system; seizure

Knowledge of autism spectrum disorders among connecticut school speech-language pathologists. - Cascella, Paul W; Colella, Catherine S (Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 2004)
This study utilized a rating scale and random sampling of Connecticut school speech—language pathologists about their preprofessional education and current knoWledge of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The participants had a minimal amount of preprofessional academic or clinical preparation in ASD, and no differences Were found in hoW speech—language pathologists Were trained over the past 30 years. School speech—language pathologists reported relatively stronger knoWledge of the general behavioral and communication characteristics associated With ASD and less knoWledge of educational assessment and intervention formats. Given the prevalence of schoolchildren With ASD, speech—language pathology graduate programs need to enhance their preprofessional curricula to provide school-based speech—language pathologists With specific training to meet the communication needs presented by children With ASD. © 2004, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.
26 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/100-419-323-620-14X tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.cmd

Adaptive behavior in autism and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified: Microanalysis of scores on the vineland adaptive behavior scales - Paul, R.; Miles, S.; Cicchetti, D.; Sparrow, S.; Klin, A.; Volkmar, F.; Coflin, M.; Booker, S. (Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2004)
The purpose of this study is to provide a microanalysis of differences in adaptive functioning seen between well-matched groups of school-aged children with autism and those diagnosed as having Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified, all of whom functioned in the mild to moderate range of intellectual impairment. Findings indicate that the major area of difference between children with autism and those with Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified, was expressive communication; specifically, the use of elaborations in syntax and morphology and in pragmatic use of language to convey and to seek information in discourse. Linear discriminant function analysis revealed that scores on just three of these expressive communication item sets correctly identified subjects in the two diagnostic categories with 80% overall accuracy. Implications of these findings for both diagnosis and intervention with children with Autism Spectrum Disorders will be discussed.
70 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31]
Keywords: Activities of Daily Living; Adaptation; Psychological; Adaptive behavior; Autism; Autistic Disorder; Child; Child Development Disorders; Pervasive; Child; Preschool; Communication; Discriminant Analysis; Expressive language; Female; Humans; Personality Tests; Pervasive Developmental Disorders; Social Behavior; Socialization; adaptive behavior; article; autism; brain function; child; clinical article; comparative study; controlled study; dept.cmd; developmental disorder; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic approach route; female; functional anatomy; human; intellectual impairment; interpersonal communication; language; linear system; male; microanalysis; peer-reviewed; priority journal; rating scale; scoring system; socialization; treatment indication

Promoting social communication in high functioning individuals with autistic spectrum disorders - Paul, Rhea (Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 2003)
This article reviews a range of social communication interventions that have been developed for students with autism at the preschool, school age, and adolescent level. Adult-mediated and peer-mediated methods that use highly structured, child-centered, and hybrid methods are examined. Programs that provide information on generalization and maintenance are identified. A set of recommendations for programs that would seem to be most appropriate for students with Asperger syndrome is presented.
69 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00024 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: *Asperger Syndrome/th [Therapy]; *Autistic Disorder/th [Therapy]; *Intelligence; *Social Behavior; Adolescent; Asperger Syndrome/di [Diagnosis]; Asperger Syndrome/px [Psychology]; Asperger syndrome; Autistic Disorder/di [Diagnosis]; Autistic Disorder/px [Psychology]; Behavior Therapy; Child; Child; Preschool; Humans; Peer Group; Play and Playthings; Social Adjustment; adolescent; adult; autism; child; child psychiatry; dept.cmd; human; interpersonal communication; peer-reviewed; priority journal; review; school; social adaptation; social interaction; training; verbal communication

Management of children with APDs - Jirsa, Robert E (The Hearing journal, 2003)
The management of children with auditory processing disorders requires a multifaceted approach involving audiologists, speech-language pathologists, and educators. We are still at the genesis of our understanding of APDs.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/011-523-801-354-557 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: accuracy; association; audiology; auditory discrimination; auditory nervous system; auditory stimulation; auditory system examination; auditory system function; child; child behavior; child care; computer program; dept.cmd; frequency modulation; health care planning; hearing disorder; human; interpersonal communication; medical specialist; note; school; sensory system electrophysiology; signal noise ratio; signal processing; task performance; technology; writing

Recovery of communication skills following intracerebral hemorrhage: A case study - Purdy, MH (Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology, 2001)
Numerous variables contribute to the ultimate recovery of communication skills following neurological damage. This report provides a review of the literature pertaining to prognostic indicators and chronicles the recovery of communication skills in a 48-year-old man who sustained a left intracerebral hemorrhage over a 29-month period.
tex.unique-id: ISI:000171100000007
Keywords: adult; article; brain hemorrhage; case report; communication disorder; dept.cmd; human; male; priority journal; prognosis; skill; speech rehabilitation; treatment outcome; ⛔ No DOI found

Psycholinguistic models of speech development and their application to clinical practice - Baker, Elise; Croot, Karen; Mcleod, Sharynne; Paul, Rhea (Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 2001)
This article presents an introduction to psycholinguistic models of speech development. Two specific types of models are addressed: box-and-arrow models and connectionist or neural network models. We review some historical and some current models and discuss recent applications of such models to the management of speech impairment in children. We suggest that there are two ways in which a psycholinguistic approach can influence clinical practice: by directly supplementing a speech-language pathologist's repertoire of assessment and treatment approaches and by offering a new way to conceptualize speech impairment in children.
39 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: lens.org/023-530-998-324-060 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: Assessment; Brain; Child Language; Child; Preschool; Connectionist models; Humans; Impairment; Language Disorders; Neural Networks (Computer); Psycholinguistic models; Psycholinguistics; Speech; Speech development; Verbal Learning; article; artificial neural network; brain; dept.cmd; human; language development; language disability; learning; linguistics; pathophysiology; preschool child; speech

TBI knowledge and pragmatic assessment among Connecticut school speech-language pathologists - McGrane, S.A.; Cascella, P.W. (Brain Injury, 2000)
School-based speech-language pathologists from Connecticut responded to a random survey which had a twofold purpose, (1) to replicate a previous conclusion that clinicians' specific experience with traumatic brain injury (TBI) influences their knowledge of this subject, and (2) to explore the topic of pragmatic assessment and whether it is also influenced by specific TBI experience. Results indicate that Connecticut school clinicians favourably regard both their own knowledge of TBI and the contemporary issue of pragmatic assessment. Connecticut clinicians also report a relatively low degree of prior TBI training and clinical experience. Clinicians' degree of TBI training and clinical experience did not appear directly related to their reported competence in TBI knowledge and pragmatic assessment.
10 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31]
Keywords: *Brain Injuries/di [Diagnosis]; *Professional Competence; *Self-Assessment; *Speech-Language Pathology/ed [Education]; Adult; Connecticut; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Schools; Surveys and Questionnaires; Workforce; article; brain injury; competence; dept.cmd; education; experience; functional assessment; human; linguistics; normal human

Bis(benzylsulfanyl)maleonitrile - Backiel, Stanley; Bajrami, Besnik; Hunter, Allen D.; Zeller, Matthias; Lesley, M. J. Gerald (Acta Crystallographica Section E: Crystallographic Communications, 2005)
The title compound, C18H14N2S2, crystallizes as a pseudomerohedral twin, with four independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The compound shows a combination of π-interactions and close-packing, with the planar maleonitrile and phenyl groups extending into pockets of neighbouring molecules. © 2005 International Union of Crystallography Printed in Great Britain - all rights reserved.
0 citations (Crossref) [2023-10-31] Citation Key Alias: pop00342 tex.type: [object Object]
Keywords: dept.che