Book Review: William chester jordan. unceasing strife, unending fear: jacques de thérines and the freedom of the church in the age of the last capetians. princeton: princeton university press. 2005. pp. xi, 154. 29.95Reviews of books and FilmsEurope: ancient and medieval - Friedlander, Alan (The American Historical Review, 2005)
Keywords: book.review; dept.his

Fighting for a living wage - Rondinone, T (Labor History, 2005)
Keywords: dept.his; ⛔ No DOI found

Book Review: The Rise of Aggressive Abolitionism: Addresses to the Slaves. By Stanley Harrold. (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2004. x, 246 pp. 35.00, isbn 0-8131-2290-2.) - Davis, Hugh (The Journal of American History, 2005)
Keywords: book.review; dept.his

Book Review: Pope John XXII and his Franciscan cardinal. Bertrand de la Tour and the apostolic poverty controversy . By Patrick Nold. (Oxford Historical Monographs.) Pp. xii+212. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2003. £45. 0 19 926875 4 - Friedlander, Alan (The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 2005)
Keywords: book.review; dept.his

Book Review: Constitutional failure: Carl Schmitt in Weimar: Kennedy, Ellen: Durham: Duke University Press, 288 pp., publication date: July 2004 - Paddock, Troy (History: Reviews of New Books, 2005)
Keywords: book review; book.review; dept.his

Book Review: Inventing the nation: Germany: Berger, Stefan: New York: Oxford University Press, 274 pp., publication date: July 2000 - Paddock, Troy (History: Reviews of New Books, 2005)
Keywords: book review; book.review; dept.his

Trusteeship and black landownership in the Transvaal during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries - Bergh, J S; Feinberg, Harvey M (African Historical Review, 2004)
Keywords: dept.his

Book Review: Two approaches to introductory middle east history - the middle east: A history , 6th edition, by william ochsenwald and sidney nettleton fisher. new york: McGraw hill, 2004. 780 pages, glossary, index. US59.30 (paper) ISBN 0-07-244233-6 - the levant: A fractured mosaic , by william harris. princeton: marcus weiner, 2003. 211 pages, glossary, index. US22.95 (paper) ISBN 1-55876-265-5 - Judd, Steven (Middle East Studies Association Bulletin, 2004)
Keywords: book.review; dept.his

Chosen peoples: sacred sources of national identity - Paddock, Troy (History: Reviews of New Books, 2004)
Keywords: dept.his

Gedachtes wohnen: Heidegger and cultural geography - Paddock, Troy (Philosophy & Geography, 2004)
Keywords: cultural geography; dept.his

Imagining the nation in nature: landscape preservation and German identity, 1885–1945: Lekan, Thomas M.: Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 334 pp., publication date: February 2004 - Paddock, Troy (History: Reviews of New Books, 2004)
Keywords: book review; dept.his

The german empire on the brink. the daily-telegraph affair and hale-interview of 1908: an account and documentation - Paddock, TRE (German Studies Review, 2003)
Keywords: dept.his

James Monroe: Oberlin's Christian statesman & reformer, 1821-1898. - Davis, Hugh (The Journal of American History, 2003)
Keywords: dept.his; peer-reviewed

Book Review: Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam , by Robert G. Hoyland. 324 pages, bibliography, index. New York: Routledge, 2001. 23.95 (Paper) ISBN 0-415-19535-7 - Judd, Steven (Middle East Studies Association Bulletin, 2003)
Keywords: book.review; dept.his

The historiography of american violence - Leonard, Ira M; Leonard, Christopher C (Homicide Studies, 2003)
Historians have generally agreed that the United States has always been an extremely violent nation; however, since the 1950s they have been myopic in their treatment of violence in America and have not provided the American people with essential information about their society and culture. Those historians who focused on violence in America, until the 1990s, have focused on only one form of violence—collective social violence. Largely overlooked, and equally significant, are interpersonal violence (including criminal and domestic violence) and the effect of war. This deficiency helps explain why Americans seem genuinely at a loss to understand the nature, character, and frequency of violence in America's past and present, especially when a high-profile violent incident occurs. This article surveys the historiography of violence in America through the 1990s and examines the contributions of historians and legal scholars who have focused on interpersonal and criminal violence. © 2003, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.
Keywords: dept.his; historiography; lynching; riots; vigilantism

Book Review: Inventing the schlieffen plan: German war planning 1871–1914: Zuber, Terence: Oxford: Oxford University Press 340 pp., publication date: January 2003 - Paddock, Troy (History: Reviews of New Books, 2003)
Keywords: book review; book.review; dept.his

A gentleman of color: The life of James Forten. - Davis, H (American Historical Review, 2002)
Keywords: dept.his

Julie winch. A gentleman of color: the life of james forten. new york: oxford university press. 2002. pp. x, 501. 35.00 - Davis, Hugh (The American Historical Review, 2002)
Keywords: Review; dept.his

The pennsylvania state equal rights league and the northern black struggle for legal equality, 1864-1877 - Davis, Hugh (Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 2002)
Keywords: dept.his; ⛔ No DOI found

Book Review: Cool conduct: the culture of distance in weimar germany: lethen, helmut: trans. don reneau, berkeley: university of california press, 263 pp., publication date: december 2001 - Paddock, Troy (History: Reviews of New Books, 2002)
Keywords: book.review; dept.his

Book Review: The politics of education: teachers and school reform in Weimar Germany - Paddock, Troy (History: Reviews of New Books, 2002)
Keywords: book.review; dept.his

Parker pillsbury: radical abolitionist, male feminist. - Davis, H (American Historical Review, 2001)
Keywords: dept.his

Rereading German history: From unification to reunification, 1800-1996 - Paddock, TRE (German Studies Review, 2000)
Keywords: dept.his

A doctor of their own: The history of adolescent medicine. - Metaxas, V (Isis, 2000)
Keywords: dept.his

Eleanor Clarke Slagle and Susan E. Tracy: Personal and professional identity and the development of occupational therapy in progressive era America - Metaxas, VA (Nursing History Review, 2000)
Keywords: *Occupational Therapy/hi [History]; *Professional Autonomy; Female; History, 20th Century; Humans; Job Description; Societies, Scientific/hi [History]; United States; Women's Rights/hi [History]; Women, Working/hi [History]; dept.his

Book Review: The crisis of reason: european thought, 1848–1914: burrow, j. w.: new haven: yale university press, 269 pp., publication date: october 2000 - Paddock, Troy (History: Reviews of New Books, 2000)
Keywords: book.review; dept.his

Book Review: The social history of the third reich, 1933–1945: ayçoberry, pierre: trans. janet lloyd, new york: the new press, 380 pp., publication date: october 1999 - Paddock, Troy (History: Reviews of New Books, 2000)
Keywords: book.review; dept.his

Out of Africa - Feinberg, H.M.; Solodow, J.B. (Journal of African History, 2002)
This article traces the origins of the familiar quotation, 'there is always something new coming out of Africa'. It demonstrates that the phrase was a proverb that originated in Greece no later than the fourth century BC. It charts the transmission of the phrase from Aristotle to the twentieth century, noting that Erasmus is the most important link in the Renaissance and that he may be responsible for the current form in which the phrase is used. The article also shows that the meaning of the phrase was very different in ancient times from what it is today. Whereas 'something new' to Aristotle meant strange hybrid animals, current writers use the phrase with a sense of admiration.
Keywords: Africa; Historiography; dept.his; dept.wll; history; perception; regional geography

Managing ball retrieval in skill practice situations - Webb, Daniel; Kozub, Francis M; Yang, Jinjin (Strategies, 2003)
Keywords: dept.hms

A focus group study of DES daughters: implications for health care providers. - Duke, Suzanne S; Mcgraw, Sarah A; Avis, Nancy E; Sherman, Amanda (Psycho-oncology, 2000)
A focus group study of women exposed to diethylstiibestrol (DES) in utero (DES daughters) was conducted to gain understanding about exposure to this drug from a patient perspective. Focus group participants reported that learning about their DES exposure was devastating; they experienced strains in their family relationships, emotional shock, a feeling that their health concerns were not appreciated by others and, to some degree, a sense of social isolation. Although many were aware of the need for special gynecological exams and high-risk prenatal care, they were frustrated by what they felt was a lack of reliable and clear information about the effects of DES exposure. Most expressed questions and anxiety about their health. Many found their communication with physicians about their DES exposure unsatisfying. They felt that physicians lacked information about the long-term health effects of DES exposure and as a result did not give them accurate information. Furthermore, they felt that physicians were dismissive of their concerns and often gave what they felt to be false reassurances. Consequently, the women developed an enduring distrust of the medical profession. The results of the study suggest implications for the delivery of health care to DES daughters. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keywords: *Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/px [Psychology]; *Carcinogens/ae [Adverse Effects]; *Diethylstilbestrol/ae [Adverse Effects]; *Focus Groups; *Genitalia, Female/de [Drug Effects]; *Nuclear Family/px [Psychology]; *Stress, Psychological/et [Etiology]; Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Carcinogens; Diethylstilbestrol; Female; Focus Groups; Genitalia, Female; Human; Humans; Life Change Events; New York; Nuclear Family; Physician-Patient Relations; Self-Help Groups; Stress, Psychological; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; adenocarcinoma; adult; anxiety; article; awareness; clinical article; clinical research; dept.hms; diethylstilbestrol; doctor patient relation; drug exposure; emotional stress; female; health care delivery; health education; health promotion; human; life event; patient counseling; patient education; patient satisfaction; physician attitude; prenatal care; risk assessment; social isolation; vagina cancer

Exposure to diethylstilbestrol: design of a multilevel community intervention - Duke, Suzanne S.; McGraw, Sarah A.; Avis, Nancy E. (Health Promotion Practice, 2000)
The planning of community health education interventions aimed at multiple levels is complex and challenging. This challenge is increased when a primary audience is difficult to reach. Individuals who were exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) decades ago represent a difficult-to-reach audience because they are not always aware of their exposure or the health risks of their exposure. However, DES-exposed individuals need specific screening and health care. An intervention was developed to increase awareness about DES in Nassau County, New York to address this concern. The Precede-Proceed Model was used to develop distinct intervention strategies to reach the general public, which includes individuals who may not be aware that they were exposed; those who are aware of their exposure but may not be following recommended health care practices; and community physicians. Behavioral targets, determining factors, and intervention goals were identified for each group. Specific intervention strategies were planned and implemented for each target audience. Addressing three target audiences simultaneously may produce a synergistic effect, enhancing program impact. © 2000, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.
Keywords: dept.hms; peer-reviewed

A century of British geography - Martin, GJ (Professional Geographer, 2005)
Keywords: dept.egm; ⚠️ Invalid DOI

Book Review: Indian Geography: Voice of Concern - Martin, Geoffrey J. (The Professional Geographer, 2005)
Keywords: India; NAGI; book.review; dept.egm; geography; history; philosophy

The Kyrgyz Republic's Liminal Media: assessing a journalistic rite of passage - Manzella, Joseph C; Yacher, Leon (Journalism Studies, 2005)
In the Western world, the Kyrgyz Republic has been depicted as a democratic success story. Indeed, unlike other Central Asia nation states, the Kyrgyz media appears on the surface relatively free. This paper examines the Kyrgyz press in the context of journalistic ideologies, and suggests that the republic's media is going through an important transitional phase, the central stage of a journalistic rite of passage. Part of that transitional process is an ongoing ideological tug-of-war that awaits resolution. It is suggested that such resolution may occur only when the press becomes economically self-sustaining. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Keywords: Journalistic Ideologies; Kyrgyz Media; Rite of Passage; dept.egm

Joe Russell Whitaker (1900–2000) - Martin, Geoffrey J (Annals of The Association of American Geographers, 2003)
Keywords: dept.egm

Geography: Discipline, profession and subject since 1870. - Martin, GJ (Professional Geographer, 2003)
Keywords: dept.egm; ⛔ No DOI found

Promised lands: cinema, geography, modernism - Lukinbeal, Christopher L (Ethics, Place & Environment, 2002)
Keywords: dept.egm

Teaching historical geographies of american film production - Lukinbeal, Christopher L (Journal of Geography, 2002)
Keywords: dept.egm

Citrate-mediated increase in the uptake of weathered 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)1,1-dichloroethylene residues by plants - White, Jason C; Kottler, Bennett D (Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2002)
Experiments were conducted to determine the ability of citrate to enhance the plant uptake of weathered 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)1,1-dichloroethylene (p, p′-DDE) from soil. Plots containing three rows of clover, mustard, hairy vetch, or rye grass were constructed in soils containing p, p′-DDE. On 11 occasions, the rows of each crop received water or sodium citrate (0.005 or 0.05 M). For each crop, there were significant reductions in p, p′-DDE concentration in the soil fractions (near root and rhizosphere) closely associated with the plant versus bulk soil. The roots of each crop accumulated 2 to 5 times more of the weathered contaminant (dry wt) than present in the bulk soil. Citrate (0.05 M) increased the concentration of p, p′-DDE in the roots of clover, mustard, and hairy vetch by 39% compared with vegetation that received water. In batch desorption studies, the release of weathered p, p′-DDE was significantly greater in the presence of 0.05 M citrate than in water. Citrate increased the extracted aqueous concentrations of five metal ions (Al, Fe, Ca, K, Mn) from soil by five- to 23-fold over distilled water. We hypothesize that citrate physically disrupts the soil through chelation of structural metal ions and release of bound humic material, facilitating p, p′-DDE availability and uptake by plants.
Keywords: 1,1 dichloro 2,2 bis(4 chlorophenyl)ethylene; Bioavailability; Biodegradation, Environmental; Brassica; Chelating Agents; Chelation; Citric Acid; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Drug Interactions; Extraction; Humic Substances; Impurities; Insecticides; Ions; Metals; Organic compounds; Phytoremediation; Plants; Plants (botany); Secale cereale; Sequestration; Soil Pollutants; Soil fractions; Soil pollution; Tissue Distribution; Trifolium; Vegetation; Vicia; Vicia villosa; Water; aluminum; aqueous solution; article; bioavailability; biological uptake; bioremediation; calcium; chelation; citric acid; clover; concentration (parameters); dept.egm; desorption; iron; manganese; metal ion; nonhuman; phytoremediation; plant; plant root; potassium; priority journal; rhizosphere; rye; soil pollution; water

Modem japanese geography: an intellectual history. - Martin, GJ (Professional Geographer, 2001)
Keywords: dept.egm; ⛔ No DOI found

Influence of soil moisture on the sequestration of organic compounds in soil. - Kottler, Bennett D.; White, Jason C.; Kelsey, Jason W. (Chemosphere, 2001)
A study was conducted as a part of continuing investigation of the effect of soil moisture on the sequestration of organic compounds aged in the soil. Here, experiments focused on the effects of moisture changes within the soil before, during, and after contaminant addition. The extractability of aged (68 d) phenanthrene was greater from soil that had been subjected to wetting and drying cycles prior to solute addition as compared to soil initially maintained at constant moisture. The recovery of phenanthrene added to moist soil was increased relative to extractability from soil that was air-dried at the time of the contaminant addition. Repeated wetting and drying of soil after the addition of atrazine or phenanthrene resulted in decreased extractability of the compounds as compared to samples maintained at constant moisture. A method for rapidly sequestering contaminants is proposed and may be useful in limiting the time required for laboratory studies involving "aged" contaminants. These data build upon the findings of earlier work from our laboratory and indicate that changes in the moisture conditions of soil can affect the availability of sequestered contaminants possibly through alterations in the structure of the natural solid. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Keywords: Aging; Atrazine; Bioavailability; Biological Availability; Extraction; Organic Chemicals; Phenanthrene; Phenanthrenes; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Water; article; atrazine; bioavailability; chemical structure; dept.egm; extraction; leaching; moisture; organic compound; phenanthrene; phenanthrene derivative; soil moisture; soil pollution; solid state; wetting-drying cycle

Geographers: Biobibliographical studies, 1977-2000 - Armstrong, PH; Martin, GJ (Geographical Review, 2000)
Keywords: dept.egm; peer-reviewed

Lessons in managed destination competitiveness: the case of Foxwoods casino resort. - d'Hauteserre, Anne-Marie (Tourism Management, 2000)
Foxwoods, which started as a Binge gaming facility, has become the largest casino in the western world. It is one of the most competitive tourist destinations in the world and can teach a few lessons about managing competitiveness. The visionary entrepreneurial activity, strategic management decisions of its owners and the Mashantucket Pequots are the reasons for its existence and its success, not some circumstantial fluke. The Pequots understood the destination's potential initial advantage. They then sought to avoid that Foxwoods casino and resort slip into McGambling or wither in the face of increasing competition for the entertainment/leisure dollar in the eastern United States by modifying its market positioning. They are now nudging it toward a broadly diversified base of entertainment. All along they empowered their employees to support their clear mission for the resort. Part of their strategy is to transform southeastern Connecticut into a synergistic tourist destination for their and the region's benefit. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Competitiveness; Connecticut; Foxwoods; Gam(bl)ing; Strategic planning; Tourist destination; United States; competitiveness; dept.egm; gambling; management practice; recreational activity; tourism economics

Henri F. Pittier's professional contributions and the status of geography in Costa Rica after his permanent departure - Yacher, Leon (Brenesia, 2000)
Keywords: dept.egm; ⛔ No DOI found

An American perspective on equal educational opportunities - Russo, C; Perkins, B (Perspectives in Education, 2004)
The United States Supreme Court ushered in a new era in American history on May 17, 1954 in its monumental ruling in Brown v Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas. Brown is not only the Court's most significant decision on race and equal educational opportunities, but also ranks among the most important cases it has ever decided. In Brown a unanimous Court struck down the pernicious doctrine of “separate but equal” in holding that the de jure segregation of students in public schools on the basis of race deprived minority children of equal educational opportunities in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In addition to its impact on school desegregation, Brown has been the catalyst for revolutionary change influencing just about every facet of American society. Given the breadth of changes that it spawned, this article briefly reviews the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown before turning to the two most important educational areas where it has been the key, namely special education and sexual harassment.
Keywords: dept.eng; ⛔ No DOI found

Collegiality and tenure - Hood, CL (Academe-Bulletin of the Aaup, 2002)
Keywords: dept.eng; ⛔ No DOI found

Gender equity unmasked: Democracy, gender, and education in Central/Southeastern Europe and the former Soviet Union - Silova, I; Magno, C (Comparative Education Review, 2004)
Keywords: dept.edl

The complexity of poverty: A missing component of educational leadership programs. - Lyman, Linda L; Villani, Christine J (The Journal of School Leadership, 2002)
Keywords: dept.edl

Minding the political gap: the educational imperative of NGOs - Magno, Cathryn S (Current Issues In Comparative Education Teachers College, 2002)
Keywords: dept.edl; ⛔ No DOI found

Professional sovereignty revisited: The Network Transformation of American Medicine?. - Savage, Deborah A (Journal of health politics, policy and law, 2004)
Keywords: *Hierarchy, Social; *Professional Autonomy; *Social Change/hi [History]; *Sociology, Medical/hi [History]; Education, Medical; Education, Medical/hi [History]; Health Policy; Health Policy/hi [History]; Hierarchy, Social; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Politics; Power (Psychology); Power, Psychological; Professional Autonomy; Professional Corporations; Professional Corporations/hi [History]; Social Change; Sociology, Medical; Sociology, Medical/ec [Economics]; United States; dept.eco; health care organization; health care planning; health care system; health economics; history of medicine; hospital; medical decision making; medical education; medical practice; medical profession; medical society; medical technology; politics; review; social evolution; social interaction; social structure

Hedge fund crisis and financial contagion: evidence from long-term capital management - Halstead, John M; Hegde, Shantaram P; Klein, Linda S (The Journal of Alternative Investments, 2005)
Keywords: dept.eco; dept.fin

Monetary policy, composite leading economic indicators and predicting the 2001 recession - Mostaghimi, M (Journal of Forecasting, 2004)
On 26 November 2001, the National Bureau of Economic Research announced that the US economy had officially entered into a recession in March 2001. This decision was a surprise and did not end all the conflicting opinions expressed by economists. This matter was finally settled in July 2002 after a revision to the 2001 real gross domestic product showed negative growth rates for its first three quarters. A series of political and economic events in the years 2000-01 have increased the amount of uncertainty in the state of the economy, which in turn has resulted in the production of less reliable economic indicators and forecasts. This paper evaluates the performance of two very reliable methodologies for predicting a downturn in the US economy using composite leading economic indicators (CLI) for the years 2000-01. It explores the impact of the monetary policy on CLI and on the overall economy and shows how the gradualness and uncertainty of this impact on the overall economy have affected the forecasts of these methodologies. It suggests that the overexposure of the CLI to the monetary policy tools and a strong, but less effective, expansionary money policy have been the major factors in deteriorating the predictions of these methodologies. To improve these forecasts, it has explored the inclusion of the CLI diffusion index as a prior in the Bayesian methodology. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
Keywords: Bayesian probability forecasting; Classical statistical decision theory; Composite leading indicators; Composite leading indicators (CLI); Composite leading indicators diffusion index; Diffusion index; Geochronology; Industrial economics; Information theory; Monetary policy; Predicting recessions; Probability; Public policy; Quality control; Set theory; Statistical methods; US economy; Us economy; dept.eco; dept.fin

Orange county bankruptcy: financial contagion in the municipal bond and bank equity markets - Halstead, John M; Hegde, Shantaram P; Klein, Linda S (The Financial Review, 2004)
We examine the spillover wealth effects of the Orange County, California bankruptcy announcement in December 1994 on municipal bonds, municipal bond funds, and bank stocks. This bankruptcy is prominent because of unprecedented losses and because it was caused by a highly leveraged derivatives strategy rather than a shortage of tax revenues and excess spending. We find contagion in the bond market with significantly negative abnormal returns for municipal bond funds without direct exposure to Orange County and for non-Orange County municipal bonds. In addition, our findings suggest the contagion spills over to the common stocks of investment and commercial banks that deal in or use derivatives; however, the equities of banks unexposed to derivatives are not affected. © 2004 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Keywords: Bank equity; Contagion; Derivatives; Fixed income; G2/H3/K2; Municipal financing; dept.eco; dept.fin

Currency substitution: evidence from latin america - Prock, Jerry; Soydemir, Gokce; Abugri, Benjamin A (Journal of Policy Modeling, 2003)
Currency substitution represents a shift from domestic currency to foreign currency and is often related to times of high and variable inflation. In this paper, we investigate the extent of currency substitution in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico using a vector error correction (VEC) model. We empirically test this hypothesis by introducing artificial shocks to the system of equations and find that M1 response to a one standard deviation increase in that country's interest rate is negative and significant for Argentina and Brazil but not for Mexico. An artificially introduced one standard deviation increase in nominal exchange rate results in a statistically significant increase in M1 in Argentina and Brazil but again not for Mexico. Based on the patterns of the impulse response functions (IRFs) and the magnitude of the coefficients, we conclude that currency substitution occurs to a greater extent in Argentina and Brazil than Mexico. This is reflective of the implementation of relatively more credible macroeconomic policies in Mexico after the December 1994 crisis. Thus from a policymaking perspective, it is important to consider that the greater the degree of currency substitution, the more sensitive a country's monetary aggregates are to sudden movements in exchange rates, productivity and interest rates. (C) 2003 Society for Policy Modeling. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Currency; Latin America; Substitution; VEC; dept.eco; dept.fin

Book Review: Birthquake: the baby boom and its aftershocks. by diane j. macunovich. chicago: the university of chicago press, 2002. pp xiii, 314. 37.50 - Mills, Judith Woerner (The Journal of Economic History, 2003)
Keywords: book.review; dept.eco; dept.fin

Stability of the money demand function: evidence from Ghana - Andoh, SK; Chappell, D (Applied Economics Letters, 2002)
This paper estimates the demand for money (M2) in Ghana for the period 1960 to 1996. The hypothesis is that the different macroeconomic adjustment policies (privatization, removal of foreign exchange controls etc.) which began in the mid 1980s would alter the demand for money function. The results of the study clearly show a structural break in the demand for money function in 1983.
Keywords: dept.eco; dept.fin; peer-reviewed

In-class simulations of the iterated prisoner's dilemma game - Bodo, Peter (Journal of Economic Education, 2002)
The author developed a simple computer program for the in-class simulation of the repeated prisoner's dilemma game with student-designed strategies. He describes the basic features of the software and presents two examples for the use of the program in teaching the problems of cooperation among profit-maximizing agents.
Keywords: Computer simulation; Experiments; Prisoner's dilemma; Repeated games; dept.eco; dept.fin

Market efficiency and non-linear dependence in the Czech crown/US dollar foreign exchange market - Chappell, David; Eldridge, Robert M (Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics, 2002)
Keywords: dept.eco; dept.fin

Exchange rate adjustment in partially liberalized economy - Grubacic, Sanja (Economics of Planning, 2002)
This paper develops a model of exchange rate determination in partially liberalized post-socialist economy that operates under soft budget constraints in nontradable sectors. The model captures the factors that determine the evolution of a country's external balance during the initial phase of economic liberalization. Three types of disturbances are the center of analysis: liberalization of trade and foreign exchange regime, devaluation, and price liberalization. We show that the real exchange rate appreciation may either improve or worsen the trade balance depending on the sources of this appreciation. Thus, we argue that the real exchange rate cannot reflect true country's competitiveness unless all sectors are equally exposed to hard budget constraints. The model implications are further analyzed through the empirical evidence on the relationship between the real exchange rate and trade balance in three selected East European countries.
Keywords: Europe; Exchange rate; External balance; Liberalization; Post-socialist economy; Soft budget constraint; balance of trade; competitiveness; dept.eco; dept.fin; exchange rate; external balance; liberalization; post-socialist economy; real exchange rate; soft budget constraint

Soft-landing monetary policy, composite leading economic indicators, and predicting the 2001 recession - Mostaghimi, Mehdi (Social Science Research Network, 2002)
Keywords: dept.eco; dept.fin

Corporate groups, capital investments and stock returns in japan - Wei, Kuochiang; Xie, Feixue; Titman, Sheridan (APFA/PACAP/FMA International Finance Conference in Tokyo, Japan, 2002)
Keywords: dept.eco; dept.fin

Information collection strategic design in experts-assisted decision making paradigm - Mostaghimi, Mehdi (Group Decision and Negotiation, 2001)
In an experts-assisted decision making paradigm, the information collection design becomes a strategic variable under a weak assumption that the final decision is dependent on the design used to collect information as well. As a result, the same information of the experts and the decision maker about the problem can potentially produce different final decisions for different information collection designs. The implication is that a decision maker can strategically select a design which serves his/her objective. This paper uses a Bayesian estimation methodology for combining experts' information with the decision maker's prior. An information collection process is designed by setting constraints on this model. Several designs are developed here using such controlled factors as a one-stage versus a two-stage decision process, experts' rank ordering, and group versus individual lobbying/consultation. An example is provided to illustrate the applicability of the concept. It is shown that the information produced in the process of producing a decision can also give insights into the impacts of the decision maker and the experts on the decision.
Keywords: Bayesian method; Experts-assisted decision making; Information theory; Reaching a consensus; dept.eco; dept.fin; experts-assisted decision making; information theory; reaching a consensus

Occurrence and dispersal of magmas in the jurassic ferrar large igneous province, antarctica - Elliot, David H; Fleming, Thomas H (Gondwana Research, 2004)
Tholeiitic rocks of the Ferrar Large Igneous Province (FLIP) occur in a linear belt from the Theron Mountains to Horn Bluff in the Transantarctic Mountains and extend into southeastern Australasia. The FLIP was emplaced during the initial stages of Gondwana break-up from a source suggested to be in the proto-Weddell Sea region. Magma transport from its source (Weddell triple junction) was controlled by an Early Jurassic zone of extension. The FLIP comprises the Dufek intrusion, Ferrar Dolerite sills and dykes (sheet intrusions), and extrusive rocks consisting of pyroclastic strata overlain by Kirkpatrick Basalt lavas. The Dufek intrusion occurs in deformed supracrustal rocks of the foldbelt along the paleo-Pacific Gondwana margin. A few sills were emplaced in basement rocks, but the majority of the sheet intrusions occur in flat-lying Devonian to Triassic Beacon strata. Only in the central Transantarctic Mountains (CTM) and south and north Victoria Land (SVL, NVL) are extrusive rocks preserved overlying Beacon strata. The greatest cumulative thicknesses of magmatic rocks (ca. 2 km) occur in areas where lavas are preserved (CTM and SVL). Sheet intrusions have complex relationships. Dyke swarms (sensu stricto) are unknown and dykes cutting basement rocks are uncommon. Nevertheless, these dykes, including a 30-m-wide dyke in SVL, suggest that some magmas locally migrated up through basement rocks. In CTM and NVL the outcrop belt has a width of about 160 km. Sills originally extended farther toward the plate margin but have been cut out by erosion and Cenozoic faulting, most clearly in CTM; geophysical data suggest extension under the East Antarctic ice sheet for at least 100 km. Although Early Jurassic extension is documented in CTM, major rift-bounding faults have not been observed. Models for magma emplacement include transport along the axis of the Transantarctic Mountains and off-axis transport from major rift-bounding faults. Contrasts in geochemistry between lavas of NVL (MgO=6-7%) and CTM (MgO=2-4%) and the presence of massive dolerite bodies (CTM, SVL) suggest discrete episodes and locations of magma emplacement, and that there was no long range interconnection along the mountain range in supracrustal rocks.
Keywords: Antarctica; Dispersal; Dyke; Ferrar; Gondwana; Jurassic; Magma; Sill; basement rock; continental breakup; dept.esc; emplacement; fold belt; large igneous province; magma; tholeiite

Colonization of a 'Lost world': encrustation patterns in modern subtropical brachiopod assemblages - Rodland, David L; Kowalewski, Michal; Carroll, Monica; Simoes, Marcello Guimaraes (Palaios, 2004)
The encrustation of Paleozoic rhynchonelliform brachiopods has been studied for decades, but modern brachiopods have not received similar scrutiny. The discovery of abundant subtropical brachiopods from the Southeast Brazilian Bight provides an unprecedented opportunity to assess epibiont abundance, diversity, and encrustation patterns in modern brachiopod assemblages. Across the outer shelf, encrustation frequencies vary among taxa, from mean values of 0.45% for Platidia to 9.3% for Argyrotheca. Encrustation frequencies for Bouchardia increase from 1.6% on the outer shelf to 84% on the inner shelf. Larger valves are encrusted more frequently, and epibionts preferentially colonize valve interiors. Increased encrustation on the inner shelf may reflect the greater surface areg of larger hosts, longer exposure of dead shells, water-mass characteristics, sedimentation rates, productivity, or other factors that vary with depth. Inner-shelf brachiopods exhibit encrustation frequencies comparable to those reported for epifaunal bivalves. The epibiont fauna is dominated by bryozoans and serpulids, with minor roles played by spirorbids, bivalves, barnacles, foraminifera, algae, and other taxa. Epibiont abundance at each site is highly variable, but sites are similar in rank importance of epibiont taxa. A different suite of epibionts colonized Paleozoic brachiopods, but similar patterns of encrustation have been observed, including preferential settlement according to valve morphology. These results provide a baseline for evaluating the encrustation of modern bivalves and ancient brachiopods, and may elucidate the macroevolutionary history of epibionts and their relationship to their hosts. © 2004, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).
Keywords: Argyrotheca; Atlantic Ocean; Bivalvia; Bouchardia; Brachiopoda; Brazilian Shelf; Bryozoa; Foraminifera; Platidia; Thoracica; algae; brachiopod; continental shelf; dept.esc; encrustation; epibiont; species diversity

Abandoned underground storage tank location using fluxgate magnetic surveying: A case study - Van Biersel, Thomas P; Bristoll, Bill C; Taylor, Robert W; Rose, James (Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, 2002)
In 1993, during the removal of a diesel and a gasoline underground storage tank at the municipal garage of the Village of Kohler, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, soil testing revealed environmental contamination at the site. A site investigation revealed the possibility of a second on-site source of petroleum contamination. Limited historical data and the present usage of structures within the suspected source area precluded the use of most invasive sampling methods and most geophysical techniques. A fluxgate magnetometer survey, followed by confirmatory excavation, was conducted at the site. The fluxgate magnetometer survey identified nine possible magnetic anomalies within the 18 × 25 m area. The subsequent excavation near the anomalies revealed the presence of five paired and two individual 2000 L underground storage tanks. The fluxgate magnetometer survey, although affected by the proximity of buildings, was able to detect the buried tanks within 3 m of the brick structures, using a 1.5 × 1.5 m sampling array.
Keywords: Contamination; Excavation; Fuel storage; Fuel tanks; Groundwater pollution; Kohler; Magnetometers; Soil testing; Underground storage tanks; United States; Wisconsin; anomaly; dept.esc; magnetic survey; petroleum; site investigation; soil pollution; storage tank; underground storage

Addressing students' social and emotional needs: the role of mental health teams in schools. - Haynes, Norris M (Journal of health & social policy, 2002)
Children in today's society face many stresses from a variety of sources that have a major impact on thier psychosocial adjustment and academic performance in school. These stressful events and thier consequences on the quality of life and academic success are particularly significant among low-income and ethnic minority students in American society. Many schools have adopted strategies to help students who are impacted by stressful life events to deal affectively with their problems in an attempt to reduce school failure and school dropout rates among these students. Most notable among these strategies are school-based mental health programs including the establishment of school-based mental health teams which seek to proactively address individual student concerns while improving the general climate of schools. The evidence seems to support the claim that these school-based services have a positive impact on students' social and emotional well-being as well as on their academic achievements. However, with more careful monitoring and much more consistent support from administrators and policy makers, these school-based approaches can more fully realize their potential to enhance the quality of life and to positively impact the future of many poor and ethnic minority students.
Keywords: *Mental Health Services/og [Organization & Administration]; *Patient Care Team; *School Health Services/og [Organization & Administration]; *Social Support; *Stress, Psychological/th [Therapy]; Adolescent; Child; Children's mental health; Female; Humans; Male; Minority mental health; School-based mental health; Social Problems; Social Work, Psychiatric; Social and emotional learning; Socialization; Student health; Teaching/mt [Methods]; United States; academic achievement; child; child care; dept.csp; emotional stability; ethnic group; health care need; human; life event; lowest income group; mental health; mental health service; policy; quality of life; review; school health service; social learning; social policy; social psychology; student; wellbeing

Parental impact on youth participation in sport the physical educator's role - Hirschhorn, Douglas Kamin; Loughead, Teri Olisky (The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 2000)
Keywords: dept.csp

An approach to microCT image processing - Clark, Michael R; Daponte, John S; Sadowski, Thomas (2005)
In scientific imaging, it is crucial to obtain precise images to facilitate accurate observations for the given application. However, often times the imaging equipment used to acquire such images introduces error into the observed image. Therefore, there is a fundamental need to remove the error associated with these images in order to facilitate accurate observations. This study investigates the effectiveness of an image processing technique utilizing an iterative deconvolution algorithm to remove error from micro-CT images. This technique is applied to several sets of in-vivo micro CT scans of mice, and its effectiveness is evaluated by qualitative comparison of the resultant thresholded binary images to thresholded binary images produced by more conventional image processing techniques; namely Gaussian filtering and straight thresholding. Results for this study suggest that iterative deconvolution as a pre-processing step produces superior qualitative results as compared to the more conventional methods tested. The groundwork for future quantitative verification is motivated. ©2005 IEEE.
Keywords: Algorithms; Binary images; Biomedical engineering; Computerized tomography; Deconvolution algorithms; Errors; Image processing; Imaging systems; Iterative methods; Micro-CT image processing; Natural sciences computing; Scientific imaging; dept.csc

Visual enhancement of micro CT bone density images - Daponte, John S; Clark, Michael R; Damon, Megan; Kamins, Rebecca; Sadowski, Thomas; Tirrell, Charles (2005)
The primary goal of this research was to provide image processing support to aid in the identification of those subjects most affected by bone loss when exposed to weightlessness and provide insight into the causes for large variability. Past research has demonstrated that genetically distinct strains of mice exhibit different degrees of bone loss when subjected to simulated weightlessness. Bone loss is quantified by in vivo computed tomography (CT) imaging. The first step in evaluating bone density is to segment gray scale images into separate regions of bone and background. Two of the most common methods for implementing image segmentation are thresholding and edge detection. Thresholding is generally considered the simplest segmentation process which can be obtained by having a user visually select a threshold using a sliding scale. This is a highly subjective process with great potential for variation from one observer to another. One way to reduce inter-observer variability is to have several users independently set the threshold and average their results but this is a very time consuming process. A better approach is to apply an objective adaptive technique such as the Riddler / Calvard method. In our study we have concluded that thresholding was better than edge detection and pre-processing these images with an iterative deconvolution algorithm prior to adaptive thresholding yields superior visualization when compared with images that have not been pre-processed or images that have been pre-processed with a filter.
Keywords: Adaptive technique; Algorithms; Bone; Bone density; Bone loss; Computerized tomography; Edge detection; Gray scale images; Image analysis; Image enhancement; Image segmentation; Medical imaging; Visualization; dept.csc

On the relationship between packet size and router performance for heavy-tailed traffic - Antonios, Imad; Lipsky, Lester (2004)
The problem of characterizing the relationship between packet size and network delay has received little attention in the field. Research in that area has been limited to either simulation studies or empirical observations that are detached from analytic traffic modeling. From a queueing viewpoint, it is simple to show that these three variables are inter-related, which necessitates a more careful study. We present a traffic model of a router fed by ON/OFF-type sources with heavy-tailed burst sizes. The traffic model considered is consistent with the evidence that Web traffic is heavy-tailed. The analysis cases that are considered establish a quantitative characterization of the complex relationship among packet payload and header sizes, traffic burstiness, and router queueing delay. © 2004 IEEE.
Keywords: Automatic teller machines; Computer simulation; Local area networks; Mathematical models; Packet networks; Packet payloads; Poisson distribution; Queueing delay; Queueing networks; Queueing theory; Routers; Telecommunication traffic; Traffic models; Web traffic; World Wide Web; dept.csc

Genetic algorithm for network cost minimization using threshold based discounting - Podnar, Hrvoje; Skorinkapov, Jadranka (Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences, 2003)
We present a genetic algorithm for heuristically solving a cost minimization problem applied to communication networks with threshold based discounting. The network model assumes that every two nodes can communicate and offers incentives to combine flow from different sources. Namely, there is a prescribed threshold on every link, and if the total flow on a link is greater than the threshold, the cost of this flow is discounted by a factor α. A heuristic algorithm based on genetic strategy is developed and applied to a benchmark set of problems. The results are compared with former branch and bound results using the CPLEX® solver. For larger data instances we were able to obtain improved solutions using less CPU time, confirming the effectiveness of our heuristic approach. Copyright© 2003, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Keywords: Genetic algorithm; Mixed integer programming; Network design; Threshold based discounting; dept.csc

An application of a genetic algorithm for throughput optimization in non-broadcast WDM optical networks with regular topologies ∗ - Podnar, Hrvoje; Skorin-Kapov, Jadranka (Mathematical Communications, 2002)
Keywords: dept.csc; ⛔ No DOI found

Tracking remotely sensed cloud images in time and space - Daponte, John S; Vitale, Joseph N; Parikh, Jo Ann; Tselioudis, George (2001)
Temporal and spatial analysis was applied to a sequence of cloud top pressure (CTP) images and cloud optical thickness (TAU) images, and a storm tracking algorithm was proposed. A sequence of storm tracks from the satellite images was developed from the satellite images. Composite images were created by projecting ahead in time and substituting the first valid pixel for missing data, and a variety of CTP and TAU cut-off values were used to identify regions of interest. The region correspondences were determined from one time frame to another which yielded the storm center coordinates. The obtained tracks were compared to the storm tracks computed from sea level pressure data by matching the results first in time and then in spatial distance.
Keywords: Algorithms; Climatology; Cloud top pressures (CTP); Clouds; Correspondence problem; Data reduction; Image analysis; Mathematical models; Radar tracking; Remote sensing; Satellite images; Sea level; Storm tracks; Storms; Temporal and spatial analysis; Weather forecasting; Weather satellites; dept.csc

Comparison of a geometric-based and an evolutionary technique for tracking storm systems - Parikh, Jo Ann; DaPonte, John S.; Vitale, Joseph N.; Tselioudis, George (Applications and Science of Computational Intelligence III, 2000)
The objective of this study is to compare geometric-based and evolutionary techniques for tracking storm systems from sequences of satellite images. Analysis was applied to the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project low resolution D1 database for selected storm systems during the month of September, 1988. During this time period there were two exceptionally long tracks of major hurricane systems, Hurricanes Gilbert and Helene. Cloud top pressure and cloud optical thickness were used to identify storm systems. The ability of the geometric-based and evolutionary techniques to generate tracks through storm regions was assessed. Differences in final tracking results between the two techniques resulted not only from the differences in methodology but also form differences in the type of preprocessed input used by each of the techniques. Tracking results were compared to results disseminated by the Colorado State/Tropical Prediction Center and maintained by the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida. For the hurricanes investigated in this study, both techniques were able to generate tracks which followed either most or some of the portions of the hurricanes. The evolutionary algorithm was in general able to maintain good continuity along the tracks but, with no knowledge of overall region movement, was unable to discern which of two possible directions would be best to pursue in cases where there were tow or more equally close storm systems components. The geometric method was able to maintain a smooth track close to the course of the hurricane except for confusion primarily at the beginning and/or end of tracks.
Keywords: Algorithms; Computational geometry; Database systems; Evolutionary computation; Image analysis; Satellite image processing; Satellites; Storm tracking; Storms; dept.csc

Switching theory approach to alarm correlation in network management - Aboelela, E; Douligeris, Christos (IEEE, 2000)
Several working or experimental management systems use expert systems techniques for fault management purposes. Although the effort in the area is still growing, most of the expert fault management systems developed were built in an ad-hoc and unstructured basis simply transferring the knowledge of the human expert into an automated system. However, to meet future challenges, a theoretical foundation for fault management must be established aiming to bridge the gap between the working systems and research, and to provide a general structured model easily expandable to future networks. In this paper an algorithm is proposed to simplify the set of clustered alarms. This algorithm is based on the techniques widely used in the Logic Design field to simplify switching functions. The performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed and the results are compared to those of a traditional algorithm.
Keywords: Alarm correlations; Algorithms; Correlation theory; Expert systems; Network management; Switching theory; Telecommunication networks; dept.csc

Field-by-field evaluation of intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography interpretative skills - Griffin, Michael J; Edwards, Bruce; Judd, Jon; Workman, Robert; Rafferty, T (Physiological Measurement, 2000)
A quality assurance system is essential for the credibility and structured growth of anaesthesiology-based transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) programmes. We have developed software (Q/A Kappa), involving a 400- line source code, capable of directly reporting kappa correlation coefficient values, using external reviewer interpretations as the 'gold standard', and thereby allowing systematic assessment of the validity of intraoperative echocardiographic interpretation. This paper presents assessment of the validity of 240 intraoperative anaesthesiologists' echocardiographic interpretations, and, in addition, the results of field testing of this prototypical software. Data, derived from consecutive cardiac surgery patients, consisted of standardized two-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiographic, colour flow and Doppler imaging sequences. Intraoperative and off-line 'gold standard' TEE interpretations were compared for 19 fields or variables using the Q/A Kappa program. The kappa correlation coefficients were highly variable and dependent on the examination field, ranging from 0.08 for apical regional wall motion scores to 1.00 for tricuspid regurgitation grade, left atrial measurement, aortic valve anatomy and left ventricular long axis and short axis global function. The correlation coefficients were also operator dependent. These data (480 interpretations) were also manually integrated into the equation required for calculation of values of the variable kappa correlation coefficient. The relationship between Q/A Kappa-derived values and manually calculated values was highly significant (p < 0.001; r = 1.0). The implications and possible explanations of the results for particular examination fields are discussed. This study also demonstrates successful seamless functioning of this software program from data entry, segmentation into tables and valid statistical analysis. These findings suggest that it is practical to provide sophisticated continuous quality improvement TEE data on a routine basis.
Keywords: Cardiovascular surgery; Coefficient values; Correlation coefficient; Echocardiography; Field-by-field evaluation; Gold standards; Intra-operative; Intraoperative; Kappa correlation; Line sources; Quality assurance; Quality assurance systems; Quality control; Software testing; Source codes; Transesophageal echocardiographies; Transoesophageal echocardiography; article; competence; controlled study; correlation function; dept.csc; heart surgery; human; intraoperative period; major clinical study; priority journal; quality control; transesophageal echocardiography

Incorporating ethical dimensions in the communication training and development curriculum. - Lucas, Richard J (Annual Meeting of the National Communication Association, 2000)
Keywords: dept.com; ⛔ No DOI found

Evidence-based practice among speech-language pathologists: attitudes, utilization, and barriers. - Zipoli, Richard P Jr; Kennedy, Marianne (American Journal of Speech-language Pathology, 2005)
A total of 240 speech-language pathologists responded to a questionnaire examining attitudes toward and use of research and evidence-based practice (EBP). Perceived barriers to EBP were also explored. Positive attitudes toward research and EBP were reported. Attitudes were predicted by exposure to research and EBP practice during graduate training and the clinical fellowship year (CFY). Clinical experience and opinions of colleagues were used to guide decision making more frequently than research studies or clinical practice guidelines. Only exposure to research and EBP during the CFY predicted use of evidence-based resources. Respondents reported a decline in exposure to research and EBP as they moved from graduate training into the CFY. A lack of time was perceived as a barrier to EBP.
Keywords: *Attitude of Health Personnel; *Data Collection/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]; *Evidence-Based Medicine; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; *Speech-Language Pathology/st [Standards]; Clinical fellowship; Evidence-based practice; Humans; Practice issues; Research; Speech-Language Pathology/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]; Speech-language pathology; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States; dept.cmd

Educating and training caregivers of persons with aphasia - Purdy, Mary; Hindenlang, Jane (Aphasiology, 2005)
Background: Because communication deficits caused by aphasia affect both persons with aphasia and their communication partners, most speech-language pathologists are aware of the importance of client and caregiver education. To maximise the effectiveness of their communicative interactions, training should be conducted for both the aphasic clients and their caregivers. Training conducted in group environments offers peer support through shared learning experiences and joint problem solving. Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore the benefits of a caregiver education and training programme in improving communication between caregivers and their aphasic partners using didactic and experiential approaches in a group setting. Methods & procedures: Ten caregivers and their aphasic partners, ranging from 4 to 130 months post-stroke, participated in a 12-week group training and education programme. Information about stroke and aphasia was provided in a didactic format, and facilitative communication strategies were discussed and practised using Kolb's (1984) experiential learning cycle model. The experiential learning cycle involved drawing on concrete experiences, engaging in reflective observation and abstract conceptualisation, and practising what was learned through active experimentation. Outcomes & results: Analysis of communicative performance on transactional and interactional tasks demonstrated increased communicative success. Responses on a questionnaire indicated that participants had a better understanding of aphasia and were more confident using facilitating strategies. Conclusions: Group education and training for caregivers and their aphasic partners can be beneficial, even after the couple has been living with aphasia for a number of years. Having an opportunity to practise, observe, and reflect on their performances facilitated participants' learning, and there were observed and reported positive alterations in interactions. © 2005 Psychology Press Ltd.
Keywords: adult; aged; aphasia; article; caregiver; cerebrovascular accident; clinical article; cognition; dept.cmd; disease severity; education program; experience; female; group therapy; health education; human; information dissemination; interpersonal communication; learning; male; medical education; patient education; peer-reviewed; problem solving; questionnaire; self concept; social support; task performance

Perception and Production of Prosody by Speakers with Autism Spectrum Disorders. - Paul, Rhea; Augustyn, Amy; Klin, Ami; Volkmar, Fred R (Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2005)
Speakers with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show difficulties in suprasegmental aspects of speech production, or prosody, those aspects of speech that accompany words and sentences and create what is commonly called "tone of voice." However, little is known about the perception of prosody, or about the specific aspects of prosodic production that result in the perception of "oddness." The present study examined the perception and production of a range of specific prosodic elements in an experimental protocol involving natural speech among speakers with ASD between 14 and 21 years of age, in comparison with a typical control group. Results revealed ceiling effects limiting interpretation of findings for some aspects of prosody. However, there were significant between-group differences in aspects of stress perception and production. The implications of these findings for understanding prosodic deficits is speakers with autism spectrum disorders, and for future research in this area, are discussed.
Keywords: *Autistic Disorder/co [Complications]; *Language Disorders/et [Etiology]; *Perceptual Disorders/et [Etiology]; *Phonetics; *Speech Disorders/et [Etiology]; *Speech Perception; Adolescent; Adult; Autism; Autistic Disorder; Humans; Language; Language Disorders; Language Disorders/di [Diagnosis]; Language Tests; Male; Perceptual Disorders; Perceptual Disorders/di [Diagnosis]; Phonetics; Prosody; Speech Discrimination Tests; Speech Disorders; Speech Disorders/di [Diagnosis]; Speech Perception; Speech Production Measurement; article; autism; child; clinical article; clinical protocol; controlled study; correlation analysis; dept.cmd; human; intelligence quotient; intermethod comparison; language; medical assessment; peer-reviewed; perception; priority journal; prosody; reliability; scoring system; speech; speech disorder; statistical significance; stress; task performance

Communication quality indicators: A survey of connecticut group home managers - Desimone, Evelyn A; Cascella, Paul W (Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 2005)
Thirty-one Connecticut group home managers responded to a 23-statement survey adapted from the Communications Supports Checklist for Programs Serving Individuals with Severe Disabilities (CSC; McCarthy et al., 1998, Paul H. Brookes, Baltimore, MD.). Results indicated that group home managers had very favorable opinions about the implementation of communication quality indicators in their group homes, and the degree of a resident's intellectual disability was not a factor in communication supports implementation. Three communication quality indicators were rated especially high: program philosophy, protection of communication rights, and assessment. Environmental support for communication was rated less favorably. Follow-up interviews with seven group home managers found that they especially valued direct care staff who understood a resident's idiosyncratic communication (e.g., response sensitivity). Managers also relied on team process for referral for ongoing speech-language consultation. Results from the surveys and interviews indicated that augmentative communication applications occurred less often than other quality communication indicators.
Keywords: Communication supports; Group home; Severe disabilities; dept.cmd; peer-reviewed

Gin (gaps-in-noise) test performance in subjects with confirmed central auditory nervous system involvement - Musiek, Frank E; Shinn, Jennifer B; Jirsa, Robert E; Bamiou, Doriseva; Baran, Jane A; Zaida, Elena (Ear and Hearing, 2005)
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the value of a new gap detection procedure called Gaps-In-Noise (GIN) for assessment of temporal resolution in a clinical population. DESIGN: The test consists of 0 to 3 silent intervals ranging from 2 to 20 msec embedded in 6-sec segments of white noise. The location, number, and duration of the gaps per noise segment vary throughout the test for a total of 60 gaps presented in each of four lists. The GIN procedure was administered to 50 normal-hearing listeners (group I) and 18 subjects with confirmed neurological involvement of the central auditory nervous system (group II). RESULTS: Results showed mean approximated gap detection thresholds of 4.8 msec for the left ear and 4.9 msec for the right ear for group I. In comparison, results for group II demonstrated a statistically significant increase in gap detection thresholds, with approximated thresholds of 7.8 msec and 8.5 msec being noted for the left and right ears, respectively. Significant mean differences were also observed in the overall performance scores (i.e., the identification of the presence of the gaps within the noise segments) of the two groups of subjects. Finally, psychometric functions, although similar for short and long duration gaps, were highly different for gaps in the 4- to 10-msec range for the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: A variety of psychoacoustic procedures are available to assess temporal resolution; however, the clinical use of these procedures is minimal at best. Results of the present study show that the GIN test holds promise as a clinically useful tool in the assessment of temporal resolution in the clinical arena. Copyright © 2005 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Keywords: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aneurysm; Auditory Diseases, Central; Auditory Threshold; Case-Control Studies; Cerebrovascular Accident; Electrophysiology; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Noise; Perceptual Masking; Reaction Time; Reproducibility of Results; Stroke; adolescent; adrenoleukodystrophy; adult; article; auditory nervous system; brain artery aneurysm; clinical article; controlled study; dept.cmd; false positive result; female; gaps in noise test; hearing; hemispheric dominance; human; learning disorder; male; noise; pitch; psychometry; psychophysics; pure tone audiometry; receiver operating characteristic; stroke; temporal summation; test retest reliability; white noise

Brief Report: Relations between Prosodic Performance and Communication and Socialization Ratings in High Functioning Speakers with Autism Spectrum Disorders. - Paul, Rhea; Shriberg, Lawrence; McSweeny, Jane; Cicchetti, Domenic; Klin, Ami; Volkmar, Fred (Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2005)
Shriberg et al. [ Shriberg, L. et al. (2001). Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 44, 1097-1115] described prosody-voice features of 30 high functioning speakers with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to age-matched control speakers. The present study reports additional information on the speakers with ASD, including associations among prosody-voice variables and ratings of communication social abilities. Results suggest that the inappropriate sentential stress and hypernasality previously identified in some of these speakers is related to communication/sociability ratings. These findings and associated trends are interpreted to indicate important links between prosodic performance and social and communicative competence. They suggest the need for careful assessment of inappropriate prosody and voice features in speakers with ASD, and for effective intervention programs aimed at reducing the stigmatization of individuals with these conditions., (C) Plenum Publishing Corporation 2005. All Rights Reserved.
Keywords: Adolescent; Adult; Asperger syndrome; Autism; Autistic Disorder; Communication; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prosody; Severity of Illness Index; Socialization; Speech; Speech Production Measurement; Voice Quality; adolescent; adult; article; autism; child; clinical article; communication; communication skill; controlled study; dept.cmd; female; hospitalization; human; human experiment; interpersonal communication; linguistics; male; middle aged; nasal speech; peer-reviewed; priority journal; prosody; social adaptation; social psychology; socialization; speech; speech analysis; speech disorder; verbal communication; voice

Autism in a 15-month-old child - Klin, A; Chawarska, K; Paul, R; Rubin, E; Morgan, T; Wiesner, L; Volkmar, F (American Journal of Psychiatry, 2004)
Keywords: dept.cmd

Discharge Practices in the University Clinical Setting - McNamara, Kevin M.; Hindenlang, Jane; Cascella, Paul W. (Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders, 2004)
This study investigated the degree to which clinic directors rated the influence of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) discharge criteria and organizational factors on client discharge in the university setting. Results found that university clinic directors regarded ASHA's client-centered criteria to more strongly influence client discharge practices than did organizational factors. In fact, organizational factors (e.e., fee structure, resources, scheduling, disorder characteristics) were revealed to have little to no influence on discharge practices. Results have implications for the pre-professional education of student clinicians in the university clinic and how student clinicians are oriented to discharge practices across a variety of clinical settings.
Keywords: dept.cmd

Pediatricians' opinions about otitis media and speech-language-hearing development - Sonnenschein, Esther; Cascella, Paul W (Journal of Communication Disorders, 2004)
Twenty-five pediatricians responded to a confidential survey about their opinions on the relationship between otitis media and children's speech-language-hearing status. Results found that pediatricians did not necessarily agree that otitis media has an impact on speech-language-hearing development. Pediatricians reported that an early otitis media onset (birth to age 2) affects speech-language development, but they also reported that parents and daycare environments could mitigate any otitis media effect. Pediatricians reported a possible otitis media impact on hearing status, but they did not necessarily agree that an otitis media history required referral for audiological testing. Clinical implications are discussed for collaboration among pediatricians, speech-language pathologists, and audiologists. Learning outcomes: (1) The reader will become familiar with pediatricians' opinions about the impact of otitis media on speech-language development. (2) The reader will become familiar with strategies to support interdisciplinary collaboration between pediatricians, speech-language pathologists, and audiologists. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: *Attitude to Health; *Hearing Disorders/ep [Epidemiology]; *Language Disorders/ep [Epidemiology]; *Otitis Media/ep [Epidemiology]; *Pediatrics; *Speech Disorders/ep [Epidemiology]; Child; Humans; Medical practices; Otitis media; Pediatricians; Speech-language development; dept.cmd; health survey; hearing; human; language development; medical practice; otitis media; pediatrician; questionnaire; review; speech development; thinking

Receptive communication abilities among adults with significant intellectual disability - Cascella, Paul W (Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 2004)
This study measured the receptive communication skills of 14 adults with significant intellectual disability living in community group homes in Connecticut. Group home staff members rated the 14 participants using it 14-item rating scale sensitive to the adult living situation. These individuals appeared to have relatively stronger skills for comprehension of single-step in-context directions and the ability to recognise that particular tangible objects represented certain daily routines. These individuals were relatively, weak in identifying,familiar people in photographs and common objects in magazines. Among these participants, persons with profound intellectual disability mere rated to hate lower receptive communication skills than persons with severe intellectual disability. Clinical implications are discussed for human service providers and education professionals.
Keywords: Down syndrome; adult; anxiety disorder; article; clinical article; depression; dept.cmd; developmental disorder; disability; disease severity; female; hearing loss; human; interpersonal communication; male; mental disease; psychosis; scoring system; seizure

Knowledge of autism spectrum disorders among connecticut school speech-language pathologists. - Cascella, Paul W; Colella, Catherine S (Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 2004)
This study utilized a rating scale and random sampling of Connecticut school speech—language pathologists about their preprofessional education and current knoWledge of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The participants had a minimal amount of preprofessional academic or clinical preparation in ASD, and no differences Were found in hoW speech—language pathologists Were trained over the past 30 years. School speech—language pathologists reported relatively stronger knoWledge of the general behavioral and communication characteristics associated With ASD and less knoWledge of educational assessment and intervention formats. Given the prevalence of schoolchildren With ASD, speech—language pathology graduate programs need to enhance their preprofessional curricula to provide school-based speech—language pathologists With specific training to meet the communication needs presented by children With ASD. © 2004, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.
Keywords: dept.cmd

A collaborative preservice program in AT and AAC - Kennedy, Marianne; Shiller, Barbara (Perspectives on Issues in Higher Education, 2004)
Keywords: dept.cmd

Supervision: clinic directors of the northeast council of educational programs in communication sciences and disorders: the power of the collective voice - Lefkowitz, Nancy; Mcnamara, Kevin M; Bartlett, Susan E M (Perspectives on Administration and Supervision, 2004)
Keywords: dept.cmd

Adaptive behavior in autism and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified: Microanalysis of scores on the vineland adaptive behavior scales - Paul, R.; Miles, S.; Cicchetti, D.; Sparrow, S.; Klin, A.; Volkmar, F.; Coflin, M.; Booker, S. (Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2004)
The purpose of this study is to provide a microanalysis of differences in adaptive functioning seen between well-matched groups of school-aged children with autism and those diagnosed as having Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified, all of whom functioned in the mild to moderate range of intellectual impairment. Findings indicate that the major area of difference between children with autism and those with Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified, was expressive communication; specifically, the use of elaborations in syntax and morphology and in pragmatic use of language to convey and to seek information in discourse. Linear discriminant function analysis revealed that scores on just three of these expressive communication item sets correctly identified subjects in the two diagnostic categories with 80% overall accuracy. Implications of these findings for both diagnosis and intervention with children with Autism Spectrum Disorders will be discussed.
Keywords: Activities of Daily Living; Adaptation, Psychological; Adaptive behavior; Autism; Autistic Disorder; Child; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Child, Preschool; Communication; Discriminant Analysis; Expressive language; Female; Humans; Personality Tests; Pervasive Developmental Disorders; Social Behavior; Socialization; adaptive behavior; article; autism; brain function; child; clinical article; comparative study; controlled study; dept.cmd; developmental disorder; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic approach route; female; functional anatomy; human; intellectual impairment; interpersonal communication; language; linear system; male; microanalysis; peer-reviewed; priority journal; rating scale; scoring system; socialization; treatment indication

Promoting social communication in high functioning individuals with autistic spectrum disorders - Paul, Rhea (Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 2003)
This article reviews a range of social communication interventions that have been developed for students with autism at the preschool, school age, and adolescent level. Adult-mediated and peer-mediated methods that use highly structured, child-centered, and hybrid methods are examined. Programs that provide information on generalization and maintenance are identified. A set of recommendations for programs that would seem to be most appropriate for students with Asperger syndrome is presented.
Keywords: *Asperger Syndrome/th [Therapy]; *Autistic Disorder/th [Therapy]; *Intelligence; *Social Behavior; Adolescent; Asperger Syndrome/di [Diagnosis]; Asperger Syndrome/px [Psychology]; Asperger syndrome; Autistic Disorder/di [Diagnosis]; Autistic Disorder/px [Psychology]; Behavior Therapy; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Peer Group; Play and Playthings; Social Adjustment; adolescent; adult; autism; child; child psychiatry; dept.cmd; human; interpersonal communication; peer-reviewed; priority journal; review; school; social adaptation; social interaction; training; verbal communication

Management of children with APDs - Jirsa, Robert E (The Hearing journal, 2003)
The management of children with auditory processing disorders requires a multifaceted approach involving audiologists, speech-language pathologists, and educators. We are still at the genesis of our understanding of APDs.
Keywords: accuracy; association; audiology; auditory discrimination; auditory nervous system; auditory stimulation; auditory system examination; auditory system function; child; child behavior; child care; computer program; dept.cmd; frequency modulation; health care planning; hearing disorder; human; interpersonal communication; medical specialist; note; school; sensory system electrophysiology; signal noise ratio; signal processing; task performance; technology; writing

Clinical issues: Asperger Syndrome: the role of speech-language pathologists in schools - Paul, Rhea; Sutherland, Dean (Perspectives on Language Learning and Education, 2003)
Keywords: dept.cmd

Methods for studying language production - Paul, R (Contemporary Psychology-Apa Review of Books, 2002)
Keywords: dept.cmd

Speech and prosody characteristics of adolescents and adults with high-functioning autism and asperger syndrome - Shriberg, Lawrence D.; Paul, Rhea; McSweeny, Jane L.; Klin, Ami; Cohen, Donald J.; Volkmar, Fred R. (Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 2001)
Speech and prosody-voice profiles for 15 male speakers with High-Functioning Autism (HFA) and 15 male speakers with Asperger syndrome (AS) were compared to one another and to profiles for 53 typically developing male speakers in the same 10- to 50-years age range. Compared to the typically developing speakers, significantly more participants in both the HFA and AS groups had residual articulation distortion errors, uncodable utterances due to discourse constraints, and utterances coded as inappropriate in the domains of phrasing, stress, and resonance. Speakers with AS were significantly more voluble than speakers with HFA, but otherwise there were few statistically significant differences between the two groups of speakers with pervasive developmental disorders. Discussion focuses on perceptual-motor and social sources of differences in the prosody-voice findings for individuals with Pervasive Developmental Disorders as compared with findings for typical speakers, including comment on the grammatical, pragmatic, and affective aspects of prosody.
Keywords: dept.cmd

Recovery of communication skills following intracerebral hemorrhage: A case study - Purdy, MH (Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology, 2001)
Numerous variables contribute to the ultimate recovery of communication skills following neurological damage. This report provides a review of the literature pertaining to prognostic indicators and chronicles the recovery of communication skills in a 48-year-old man who sustained a left intracerebral hemorrhage over a 29-month period.
Keywords: adult; article; brain hemorrhage; case report; communication disorder; dept.cmd; human; male; priority journal; prognosis; skill; speech rehabilitation; treatment outcome; ⛔ No DOI found

Psycholinguistic models of speech development and their application to clinical practice - Baker, Elise; Croot, Karen; Mcleod, Sharynne; Paul, Rhea (Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 2001)
This article presents an introduction to psycholinguistic models of speech development. Two specific types of models are addressed: box-and-arrow models and connectionist or neural network models. We review some historical and some current models and discuss recent applications of such models to the management of speech impairment in children. We suggest that there are two ways in which a psycholinguistic approach can influence clinical practice: by directly supplementing a speech-language pathologist's repertoire of assessment and treatment approaches and by offering a new way to conceptualize speech impairment in children.
Keywords: Assessment; Brain; Child Language; Child, Preschool; Connectionist models; Humans; Impairment; Language Disorders; Neural Networks (Computer); Psycholinguistic models; Psycholinguistics; Speech; Speech development; Verbal Learning; article; artificial neural network; brain; dept.cmd; human; language development; language disability; learning; linguistics; pathophysiology; preschool child; speech

TBI knowledge and pragmatic assessment among Connecticut school speech-language pathologists - McGrane, S.A.; Cascella, P.W. (Brain Injury, 2000)
School-based speech-language pathologists from Connecticut responded to a random survey which had a twofold purpose, (1) to replicate a previous conclusion that clinicians' specific experience with traumatic brain injury (TBI) influences their knowledge of this subject, and (2) to explore the topic of pragmatic assessment and whether it is also influenced by specific TBI experience. Results indicate that Connecticut school clinicians favourably regard both their own knowledge of TBI and the contemporary issue of pragmatic assessment. Connecticut clinicians also report a relatively low degree of prior TBI training and clinical experience. Clinicians' degree of TBI training and clinical experience did not appear directly related to their reported competence in TBI knowledge and pragmatic assessment.
Keywords: *Brain Injuries/di [Diagnosis]; *Professional Competence; *Self-Assessment; *Speech-Language Pathology/ed [Education]; Adult; Connecticut; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Schools; Surveys and Questionnaires; Workforce; article; brain injury; competence; dept.cmd; education; experience; functional assessment; human; linguistics; normal human

Bis(benzylsulfanyl)maleonitrile - Backiel, Stanley; Bajrami, Besnik; Hunter, Allen D.; Zeller, Matthias; Lesley, M. J. Gerald (Acta Crystallographica Section E: Crystallographic Communications, 2005)
The title compound, C18H14N2S2, crystallizes as a pseudomerohedral twin, with four independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The compound shows a combination of π-interactions and close-packing, with the planar maleonitrile and phenyl groups extending into pockets of neighbouring molecules. © 2005 International Union of Crystallography Printed in Great Britain - all rights reserved.
Keywords: dept.che

1,1′-Dibromoferrocene - Hnetinka, Chrissy A.; Hunter, Allen D.; Zeller, Matthias; Lesley, M. J. Gerald (Acta Crystallographica Section E-structure Reports Online, 2004)
The structural properties of 1,1′-dibromoferrocene, [Fe(C 5H4Br)2, were investigated using single-crystal x-ray diffraction. It was found to crystallize in the non-centrosymmetric space group P21. Despite of the steric demand of the two bromine substituents, the two cyclopentaldienyl (Cp) rings were found to exhibit an eclipsed conformation in the solid state. The conformational arrangement found in compound seems not to be the result of general electronic preference within this class of compounds, but has to be attributed to crystal packing effects in the solid state.
Keywords: Bromine compounds; Conformations; Crystal packing; Crystal structure; Crystallization; Derivatives; Ligands; Molecular structure; Organometallics; Pseudo-torsion angle; Single crystals; Solid state structures; Synthesis (chemical); X ray diffraction; dept.che

p‐Anisolecarbonitrile - Lesley, M. J. Gerald; Pineau, Mark R.; Hunter, Allen D.; Zeller, Matthias (Acta Crystallographica Section E: Crystallographic Communications, 2004)
The structure of p-anisolecarbonitrile, C8H7NO, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 100 K. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with two crystallographically independent molecules in the asymmetric © 2004 International Union of Crystallography Printed in Great Britain - all rights reserved.
Keywords: Aromatic rings; Asymmetric units; Bond length; Chemical bonds; Complexation; Crystal atomic structure; Crystal symmetry; Crystallography; Derivatives; Nitrogen compounds; Parallel stacks; Synthesis (chemical); X ray diffraction; dept.che

A gene coding for a novel protein specific to the olfactory rosettes of atlantic salmon - Pang, J.; Lloyd, J.M.; Rhoads, D.E.; Hartman, K.A. (Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 2002)
We have isolated a 1.6 kb clone from a cDNA library made from the olfactory rosettes of th Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The clone contains a 1200 bp, open reading frame (name OSC) which codes for a protein with 400 amino-acid residues (Oscp). The mRNA corresponding to OSC is strongly expressed in the olfactory rosettes and weakly expressed in gills but is expressed in only these two tissues. This suggests that Oscp may have a specific and important role in olfaction. The sequence of Oscp suggests that it is not globular. Predictions show only a small fraction of alpha-helix. Oscp is hydrophilic but with the number of positively charged residues equal to the number of negatively charged residues. No closely similar protein can be found on the basis of homology searches or hydrophobicity comparisons. However, a 44 residue segment (G300 through K343) is significantly homologous to a segment of alpha-lactalbumin (G51 through K94). The similarities include the 19 residues of the "alpha-lactalbumin-lysozyme C signature," the ten residues of the Ca2+ binding elbow and the four cysteine residues which provide two key disulfide links in alphalactalbumin and lysozyme C. Two more Cys residues are also very similarly placed. We conclude that the gene OSC codes for a unique protein which most likely contains a specific site for binding Ca2+ and plays a unique role in the signal pathway of olfaction in salmon.
Keywords: *Calcium-Binding Proteins/ge [Genetics]; *Genes; *Olfactory Pathways/ph [Physiology]; Amino Acid Sequence; Animalia; Animals; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Calcium; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Calcium-Binding Proteins/ch [Chemistry]; Calcium-Binding Proteins/me [Metabolism]; Calcium/me [Metabolism]; Cloning, Molecular; Genes; Liver; Liver/me [Metabolism]; Molecular Sequence Data; Myocardium; Myocardium/me [Metabolism]; Northern blotting; Olfactory Pathways; Open Reading Frames; Organ Specificity; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Messenger/ge [Genetics]; Salmo; Salmo salar; Transcription, Genetic; animal tissue; article; dept.che; gene expression; gene isolation; nonhuman; olfactory system; open reading frame; priority journal; protein expression; salmon; smelling

Biological identifications of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) using DNA barcodes - Ball, Shelley L; Hebert, Paul D N; Burian, Steven K; Webb, J M (Journal of The North American Benthological Society, 2005)
We tested the efficacy of DNA barcodes in identifying mayfly species primarily from the northeastern United States and central Canada. We sequenced a 630-base-pair segment of the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI), from 1 individual of each of 80 species to create a reference sequence profile. We used these reference sequences to identify 70 additional specimens representing 32 of the species that were in the profile. DNA barcodes correctly identified 69 of the 70 test specimens. The sole exception was an individual identified morphologically as Maccaffertium modestum that showed deep genetic divergence from other M. modestum specimens. Mean sequence divergence within species was 1%, whereas mean divergence among congeneric species was an order of magnitude greater (18%). We conclude that DNA barcoding can provide a powerful tool for mayfly species identification. © 2005 by The North American Benthological Society.
Keywords: Aquatic invertebrates; COI; Canada; DNA; Ephemeroptera; Invertebrata; Maccaffertium; Mayfly; North America; Species identification; United States; Western Hemisphere; World; aquatic organism; dept.bio; identification method; mayfly; mtDNA

Caching behavior by wintering northern saw-whet owls, aegolius acadicus - Devine, Arnold; Smith, Dwight G (Canadian Field-Naturalist, 2005)
We observed 16 instances of caching behavior by Northern Saw-whet Owls in southern Connecticut between 30 October and 29 March over a 23-year period 1982 to 2004. Caches consisted of a single prey item in 13 instances and two prey items in three instances. Prey was cached either directly beneath the owl or from 5-28 cm distant, always on the same branch on which the owl was roosting. Observations of cached prey marked in the morning suggested that it was consumed after 14:30 in the afternoon of the same day. Such a delay indicated a true cache rather than delayed feeding.
Keywords: Aegolius acadicus; Caching behavior; Connecticut; North America; Northern Saw-Whet Owl; Strigiformes; United States; caching; dept.bio; marking method; prey capture; raptor; roosting

Summer diet of the peregrine falcon in faunistically rich and poor zones of Arizona analyzed with capture-recapture modeling - Ellis, David H; Ellis, Catherine H; Sabo, Beth Ann; Rea, Amadeo M; Dawson, James W; Fackler, James K; Larue, Charles T; Grubb, Teryl G; Schmitt, John; Smith, Dwight G; Kery, Marc (The Condor, 2004)
We collected prey remains from 25 Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) territories across Arizona from 1977 to 1988 yielding 58 eyrie-years of data. Along with 793 individual birds (107 species and six additional genera), we found seven mammals and nine insects. In addition, two nestling peregrines were consumed. We found a larger dependence upon White-throated Swifts (Aeronautes saxatalis) and birds on migration in northern Arizona, while in southeastern and central Arizona average prey mass was greater and columbiforms formed the largest dietary component. In northern, central, and southeastern Arizona, 74, 66, and 56 avian prey taxa, respectively, were recorded. We used capture-recapture modeling to estimate totals of 111 ± 9.5, 113 ± 10.5, and 86 ± 7.9 (SE) avian taxa taken in these same three areas. These values are counterintuitive inasmuch as the southeast has the richest avifauna. For the entire study area, 156 ± 9.3 avian taxa were estimated to be taken by peregrines.
Keywords: Aeronautes; Aeronautes saxatalis; Aeronautes saxatatilis; Arizona; Aves; Columbiformes; Diet; Falco; Falco peregrinus; Galliformes; Hexapoda; Insecta; Mammalia; Peregrine Falcon; Peregrinus; Prey; Vertebrata; dept.bio

Life stage descriptions, taxonomic notes, and new records for the mayfly family Leptohyphidae (Ephemeroptera) - Baumgardner, David E.; Burian, Steven K.; Bass, David (Zootaxa, 2003)
Keywords: dept.bio

Taxonomy of Eurylophella coxalis (McDunnough) with notes on larval habitat and behavior (Ephemeroptera:Ephemerellidae) - Burian, Steven K (Journal of The North American Benthological Society, 2002)
Larval stages have been associated for all of the known species of Eurylophella in eastern North America except for E. coxalis. The larva of E. coxalis is described herein from a reared series of specimens. Adults are redescribed and eggs are described for the 1st time, as are notes on larval habitat and behavior. Association of E. coxalis completes our knowledge of the life stages of a presumed different species, Dentatella bartoni, which was previously known only from the larval stage. This larva is now determined to be the larval stage of E. coxalis. Further, characters used to diagnose Dentatella danutae have shown that this taxon is not different from what has been called D. bartoni. Thus, Dentatella bartoni (Allen) and D. danutae McCafferty are now placed as subjective junior synonyms of E. coxalis. A conservative criterion requiring that apomorphic characters be discernable in both larval and adult life stages is proposed for recognizing mayfly genera when knowledge of life stages and/or the phylogenetic nature of diagnostic characters is incomplete. Field and laboratory observations of live E. coxalis larvae show this species to be associated with cold, swift, alkaline streams containing coarse inorganic substrates with well-developed periphyton.
Keywords: Apus apus; D. bartoni; D. danutae; Dentatella; Dentatella bartoni; Dentatella danutae; E. coxalis; Ecology; Ephemerellidae; Ephemeroptera; Eurylophella; Eurylophella coxalis; Taxonomy; behavior; dept.bio; habitat; larva; taxonomy

Developmental expression of a voltage-dependent potassium channel (Kv3.1) in auditory neurons without cochlear input. - Feng, Jane; Morest, D Kent (Journal of Neuroscience Research, 2001)
Kv3.1, a voltage-dependent potassium channel, has two forms, -a and -b, which differ in expression during development and at the onset of function in the auditory system. To determine whether cochlear nerve input could affect the expression of these two forms, cultures of the developing cochlear nucleus were explanted in the absence of the cochlear nerve at the beginning of cell migration (Hamburger-Hamilton stage 28-30), while neuroblasts continued to migrate onto the culture substrate. After 8, 15, and 22 days in vitro (three survival groups), cultures were immunostained with antibodies recognizing either both forms of Kv3.1 or only the -b form. Only young and newly migrated nerve cells were sampled. In the three survival groups, all nerve cells expressed Kv3.1, among which only 50% or less expressed the -b form. Some of the more differentiated multipolar cells expressed the -b form, but most were labeled with the antibody that recognizes both forms. Thus, in the absence of peripheral input, both forms of Kv3.1 appear at stages very early in development, although not all cells necessarily coexpress both forms. These results agree with other observations in the chick embryo in situ. They are consistent with previous work implicating Kv3.1 in cell migration during early development.
Keywords: *Cell Differentiation/ph [Physiology]; *Cell Movement/ph [Physiology]; *Cochlear Nerve/em [Embryology]; *Cochlear Nucleus/em [Embryology]; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/ph [Physiology]; *Neurons/me [Metabolism]; *Neuropeptides/me [Metabolism]; *Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; *Potassium Channels/me [Metabolism]; Age Factors; Animals; Cell Compartmentation; Cell Compartmentation/ph [Physiology]; Cell Differentiation; Cell Movement; Cell Size; Cell Size/ph [Physiology]; Cells, Cultured; Cells, Cultured/cy [Cytology]; Cells, Cultured/me [Metabolism]; Chick Embryo; Chicken embryo; Cochlear Nerve; Cochlear Nerve/me [Metabolism]; Cochlear Nucleus; Cochlear Nucleus/cy [Cytology]; Cochlear Nucleus/me [Metabolism]; Cochlear nucleus; Denervation; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Immunohistochemistry; Neurons; Neurons/cy [Cytology]; Neuropeptides; Nucleus magnocellularis; Potassium Channels; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; Protein Isoforms; Protein Isoforms/me [Metabolism]; Sensory Deprivation; Sensory Deprivation/ph [Physiology]; Shaw Potassium Channels; Tissue culture; amino terminal sequence; animal cell; article; auditory nervous system; cell differentiation; cell migration; cell survival; chicken; cochlear nucleus; dept.bio; immunohistochemistry; magnocellular nucleus; nonhuman; potassium channel; priority journal; protein expression; tissue culture

Invitations to love: Literacy, love letters, and social change in Nepal - LaDousa, Chaise (Language in Society, 2005)
Keywords: dept.ant

Cutmarked bones from Pliocene archaeological sites at Gona, Afar, Ethiopia: implications for the function of the world's oldest stone tools - Dominguez-Rodrigo, Manuel; Pickering, Travis Rayne; Semaw, Sileshi; Rogers, Michael J (Journal of Human Evolution, 2005)
Newly recorded archaeological sites at Gona (Afar, Ethiopia) preserve both stone tools and faunal remains. These sites have also yielded the largest sample of cutmarked bones known from the time interval 2.58-2.1 million years ago (Ma). Most of the cutmarks on the Gona fauna possess obvious macroscopic (e.g., deep V-shaped cross-sections) and microscopic (e.g., internal microstriations, Herzian cones, shoulder effects) features that allow us to identify them confidently as instances of stone tool-imparted damage caused by hominid butchery. In addition, preliminary observations of the anatomical placement of cutmarks on several of the recovered bone specimens suggest that Gona hominids may have eviscerated carcasses and defleshed the fully muscled upper and intermediate limb bones of ungulates-activities that further suggest that Late Pliocene hominids may have gained early access to large mammal carcasses. These observations support the hypothesis that the earliest stone artifacts functioned primarily as butchery tools and also imply that hunting and/or aggressive scavenging of large ungulate carcasses may have been part of the behavioral repertoire of hominids by c. 2.5 Ma, although a larger sample of cutmarked bone specimens is necessary to support the latter inference. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Africa; Carcass; Cutmarks; Defleshing/filleting; East Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Ethiopia; Evisceration; Gona; Hominidae; Hominids; Mammalia; Pliocene; Stone tools; Sub-Saharan Africa; Ungulata; World; archaeological evidence; dept.ant; hominid; peer-reviewed; tool use

Raw material selectivity of the earliest stone toolmakers at Gona, Afar, Ethiopia - Stout, Dietrich; Quade, Jay; Semaw, Sileshi; Rogers, Michael J.; Levin, Naomi E. (Journal of Human Evolution, 2005)
Published evidence of Oldowan stone exploitation generally supports the conclusion that patterns of raw material use mere determined by local availability. This is contradicted by the results of systematic studies of raw material availability and use among the earliest known archaeological sites from Gona, Afar, Ethiopia. Artifact assemblages from six Pliocene archaeological sites were compared with six random cobble samples taken from associated conglomerates that record pene-contemporaneous raw material availability. Artifacts and cobbles were evaluated according to four variables intended to capture major elements of material quality: rock type, phenocryst percentage, average phenocryst size, and groundmass texture. Analyses of these variables provide evidence of hominid selectivity for raw material quality. These results demonstrate that raw material selectivity was a potential component of Oldowan technological organization from its earliest appearance and document a level of technological sophistication that is not always attributed to Pliocene hominids. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Africa; Cognition; East Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Ethiopia; Gona; Hominidae; Lithic technology; Oldowan; Pene; Pliocene; Raw materials; Sub-Saharan Africa; World; dept.ant; human activity; lithic fragment; peer-reviewed

Early Pliocene hominids from Gona, Ethiopia. - Semaw, Sileshi; Simpson, Scott; Quade, Jay; Renne, Paul; Butler, Robert; McIntosh, William; Levin, Naomi; Dominguez-Rodrigo, Manuel; Rogers, Michael (Nature, 2005)
Comparative biomolecular studies suggest that the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees, our closest living relatives, lived during the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene 1,2. Fossil evidence of Late Miocene-Early Pliocene hominid evolution is rare and limited to a few sites in Ethiopia 3-5, Kenya 6 and Chad 7. Here we report new Early Pliocene hominid discoveries and their palaeoenvironmental context from the fossiliferous deposits of As Duma, Gona Western Margin (GWM), Afar, Ethiopia. The hominid dental anatomy (occlusal enamel thickness, absolute and relative size of the first and second lower molar crowns, and premolar crown and radicular anatomy) indicates attribution to Ardipithecus ramidus. The combined radioisotopic and palaeomagnetic data suggest an age of between 4.51 and 4.32 million years for the hominid finds at As Duma. Diverse sources of data (sedimentology, faunal composition, ecomorphological variables and stable carbon isotopic evidence from the palaeosols and fossil tooth enamel) indicate that the Early Pliocene As Duma sediments sample a moderate rainfall woodland and woodland/grassland., (C) 2005 Nature Publishing Group
Keywords: Africa; Animals; Ardipithecus ramidus; Biodiversity; Carbon; Chad; Dental Enamel; East Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Endomorphological variables; Environment; Ethiopia; Faunal composition; Fossils; Geographical regions; Gona; Gona Wester Margin (GWM), Afar, Ethiopia; History, Ancient; Hominidae; Jaw; Kenya; Landforms; Miocene; Pan (ape); Pan troglodytes; Pliocene; Pliocene hominids; Poaceae; Radicular anatomy; Radioisotopes; Rain; Sedimentology; Sub-Saharan Africa; Time Factors; Tooth; Trees; Upper Miocene; World; Zanclea; Zanclean; article; carbon; chimpanzee; dept.ant; enamel; evolution; fauna; forest; fossil; grassland; hominid; molar tooth; paleoenvironment; premolar tooth; priority journal; rain; sedimentology

Disparate markets: Language, nation, and education in North India - Ladousa, Chaise (American Ethnologist, 2005)
In this article, I explore the ideological underpinnings of the Indian government's language policies in the school setting, and I investigate why they fail to be compelling to residents of Banaras, a city in North India. The multiple language markets that exist in India are incommensurate and subvert the government's language policies in multiple ways. By exploring the uneven quality of these markets, this article illustrates the especially complicated dilemmas in which postcolonial nation-states are implicated.
Keywords: dept.ant

In the mouth but not on the map: visions of language and their enactment in the Hindi Belt - Ladousa, Chaise (Journal of Pragmatics, 2004)
While scholars working in colonial and post-colonial North India have devoted a great deal of attention to language variation, they have largely ignored the discursive use of names for language varieties. In this article, I investigate the ways that speakers enter into dialogic relationships with distinct voices, in the rubric of Bakhtin, depending upon which names for language varieties they mention. I reflect upon conversations between residents of Banaras, a city of approximately two million in North India, in which names for language varieties cluster into three sets. Each set of language names invokes particular language ideologies constructed in India's colonial and post-colonial past. The first two sets-one comprised by “Hindi” and “English” and the other comprised by names for more local varieties-intersect official notions about the proper fit between language and its context of use. The third set does not. In order to account for the third set, in which speakers forego official, authoritative descriptions of languages, I note that interactional phenomena, in addition to ideological dimensions of language, are crucial in understanding the ways that people differently reflect on language varieties in practice. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Hindi; Identity; Ideology; Interaction; Metalanguage; North India; Politics; Semiotic erasure; dept.ant

Isotopic evidence for plio-pleistocene environmental change at gona, ethiopia - Levin, Naomi E; Quade, Jay; Simpson, Scott W; Semaw, Sileshi; Rogers, Michael J (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2004)
A 4.5 Ma record of fluvial and lacustrine deposits is well exposed at Gona, in the Afar Depression of Ethiopia. We use isotopic values of pedogenic carbonate and fossil teeth to reconstruct Plio-Pleistocene environmental change at Gona. An increase in δ13C values of pedogenic carbonates since 4.5 Ma points to a shift from woodlands to grassy woodlands in the early Pliocene, -10.4 to -3.9‰ (VPDB), to more open but still mixed environments in the late Pleistocene, -3.0 to -1.4‰ (VPDB). This pattern is also seen in isotopic records elsewhere in East Africa. However, at 1.5 Ma the higher proportion of C4 grasses at Gona is largely a result of a local facies shift to more water-limited environments. The wide range of δ13C values of pedogenic carbonate within single stratigraphic levels indicates a mosaic of vegetation for all time intervals at Gona that depends on depositional environment. Elements of this mosaic are reflected in δ13C values of both modern plants and soil organic matter and Plio-Pleistocene soil carbonate, indicating higher amounts of C4 grasses with greater distance from a river channel in both the modern and ancient Awash River systems. δ18O values of pedogenic carbonates increase up-section from -11.9‰ in the early Pliocene to -6.4‰ (VPDB) in the late Pleistocene. The wide range of δ18O values in paleovertisol carbonates from all stratigraphic levels probably reflects short-term climate changes and periods of strong evaporation throughout the record. Based on the comparison between δ18O values of Plio-Pleistocene pedogenic carbonates and modern waters, we estimate that there has been a 6.5‰ increase in mean annual δ18O values of meteoric water since 4.5 Ma. δ18O values of pedogenic carbonate from other East African records indicate a similar shift. Increasing aridity and fluctuations in the timing and source of rainfall are likely responsible for the changes in δ18O values of East African pedogenic carbonates through the Plio-Pleistocene. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Gona; Isotopes; Paleoclimate; Paleosols; Pleistocene; Plio-Pleistocene; Pliocene; Sub-Saharan Africa; carbonate sediment; dept.ant; isotopic analysis; paleoenvironment; peer-reviewed; sediment chemistry

Paleoenvironments of the earliest stone toolmakers, Gona, Ethiopia - Quade, Jay; Levin, Naomi E; Semaw, Sileshi; Stout, Dietrich; Renne, Paul R; Rogers, Michael J; Simpson, Scott W (Geological Society of America Bulletin, 2004)
Fluvio-lacustrine sediments of the Hadar and Busidima Formations along the northern Awash River (Ethiopia) archive almost three million years (3.4 to <0.6 Ma) of human evolution, including the earliest documented record of stone toolmaking at 2.5-2.6 Ma. This paper brings together sedimentologic and isotopic evidence for the paleoenvironmental context of early hominids from both formations, but with particular emphasis on the setting for the early toolmakers. The pre-2.92 Ma record (Hadar Formation) is characterized by low-gradient fluvial, paludal, and lacustrine deposition in an undissected topography most analogous to reaches of the modern middle Awash River near Gewane. The Gona area experienced repeated deep dissection and aggradation by the Awash River, starting between 2.92 and ca. 2.7 Ma and continuing through the top of the record at <0.6 Ma (Busidima Formation). Each aggradational succession is 10-20 m in thickness and fines upward from well-rounded conglomerates at the base to capping paleosols at the top. During this period the ancestral Awash represented by these fining upward sequences was dominantly meandering and flowed northeast, as it does today. Smaller channels tributary to the axial Awash system are also extensively exposed in the Busidima Formation. Compared to the axial-system conglomerates, the tributary channels transported finer, less mature volcanic clasts mixed with abundant carbonate nodules reworked from adjacent badlands. Stone artifacts (Oldowan; 2.6-2.0 Ma) at the oldest archaeological sites are only associated with the axial Awash system, in the bedded silts or capping paleosols of the fining upward sequences. The implements were made from rounded cobbles from the channels, but manufacture and use of the tools was always away from the channel bars, on the nearby sandy banks and silt-dominated floodplains. Archaeological sites higher in the record (Acheulian; <1.7 Ma) occur in similar axial river contexts, as well as along tributary channels further removed from artifact raw material sources. Mature paleosols in the Hadar and Busidima Formations are mostly pale to darkbrown Vertisols typified by abundant clay slickensides, pseudo-anticlinal and vertical fracturing, and carbonate nodules. Such calcic Vertisols are common in the region today, demonstrating that the paleoclimate over the past 3.4 m.y. has been semi-arid and strongly seasonal. Carbon isotopic results from pedogenic carbonates in the Vertisols allow reconstruction of the proportion of C3 plants (trees and shrubs) to C4 plants (grasses) through time. The δ 13C results from the Hadar Formation prior to 2.9 Ma range from -9.3‰ to -4.1‰, indicating a dominantly forested environment but with locally substantial (average 34%) grasses on the Awash floodplain. The δ13C values from soil carbonate in the lower Busidima Formation (2.7-1.6 Ma) increase (-6.5‰ to -2.7‰) in floodplain paleosols, indicating ∼ 50% average grass cover. Vertisols of the upper Busidima Formation (< 1.6 Ma) formed on gently sloping alluvial fans adjacent to the Awash floodplain and display even more positive δ13C values, up to -1.8‰, showing that grassland dominated the margins of the active Awash floodplain. © 2004 Geological Society of America.
Keywords: Africa; Awash; Axial flow; Carbon isotopes; Cenozoic; Deposition; Early hominids; East Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Ethiopia; First stone tools; Gona; Human evolution; Oldowan; Paleoenvironment; Paleoenvironments; Rivers; Sediments; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tools; World; dept.ant; fluviolacustrine deposit; hominid; human activity; lithic fragment; paleoenvironment; tool use

2.6-Million-year-old stone tools and associated bones from OGS-6 and OGS-7, Gona, Afar, Ethiopia - Semaw, Sileshi; Rogers, Michael J; Quade, Jay; Renne, Paul R; Butler, Robert F; Dominguezrodrigo, Manuel; Stout, Dietrich; Hart, William S; Pickering, Travis Rayne; Simpson, Scott W (Journal of Human Evolution, 2003)
Keywords: Afar; Animalia; Bone fragments; Cutmarks; Earliest stone tools; Ethiopia; Gona; Hominidae; Mammalia; Ounda Gona; Pliocene; archaeological evidence; artifact; bone; dept.ant; peer-reviewed; tool use

New directions and preliminary results from a landscape approach to the study of archaeological traces for the behavior of Plio-Pleistocene hominids at Koobi Fora - Harris, JWK; Braun, DR; McCoy, JT; Pobiner, BL; Rogers, MJ (Journal of Human Evolution, 2002)
Keywords: dept.ant; peer-reviewed; ⛔ No DOI found

Laetoli Pliocene landscape reconsidered: a reanalysis via functional morphology and taphonomic data - Musiba, CM; Vogt, M; Branting, S (Journal of Human Evolution, 2002)
Keywords: dept.ant; peer-reviewed; ⛔ No DOI found

Recent discoveries from gona, afar, ethiopia - Semaw, S; Schick, K; Toth, N; Simpson, S; Quade, J; Rogers, M; Renne, P; Stout, D; Dominguez-Rodrigo, M (Journal of Human Evolution, 2002)
Keywords: dept.ant; peer-reviewed; ⛔ No DOI found

Microscopic investigation of stone tool function from Okote Member sites, Koobi Fora, Kenya - Hardy, BL; Rogers, MJ (Journal of Human Evolution, 2001)
Keywords: dept.ant; peer-reviewed; ⛔ No DOI found

Further 2.5-2.6 million year old artifacts, new Plio-Pleistocene archaeological sites and hominid discoveries of 1999 from Gona, Ethiopia - Semaw, S; Schick, K; Toth, N; Rogers, MJ; Quade, J; Simpson, SW; Dominguez-Rodrigo, M (Journal of Human Evolution, 2001)
Keywords: dept.ant; peer-reviewed; ⛔ No DOI found

Early pliocene hominid remains from gona, ethiopia - Simpson, SW; Semaw, S; Schick, K; Toth, N; Quade, J; Dominguez-Rodrigo, M; Rogers, MJ (Journal of Human Evolution, 2001)
Keywords: dept.ant; peer-reviewed; ⛔ No DOI found

Negotiating the news Indonesian press culture and power during the political crises of 1997–8 - Manzella, Joseph C (Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism, 2000)
Before 1998, journalists in Indonesia walked a tightrope stretched between a western ideological system that valued a free press and a system of rigid government controls. To maintain their balance, reporters and editors used strategies that were uniquely Indonesian to maintain a journalistic frame that was essentially western. This article examines those strategies in the context of the values and beliefs of print newspeople in the capital of Jakarta, focusing on news coverage of the political crises of 1997 and 1998 that culminated in the resignation of President Suharto and that unleashed a relatively free press. It contends that the contradictions and resultant conflicts between the government and newspeople in Jakarta represented a contest between western and Indonesian notions of the purposes and duties of the press. Copyright © 2000 SAGE Publications.
Keywords: Ideology of journalism; Indonesia; Occupational identity; Political change; Press; dept.ant

The new and improved clint eastwood: change and persistence in promise keepers self-help literature - Bloch, Jon P (Sociology of Religion, 2000)
Like other expressions of Christian conservatism, the Promise Keepers (PK) often enact complex and strained relationships between social change and social persistence. These strains are evident in the official PK literature, which employs techniques not unlike those used by mainstream pop psychology. These include the use of “scientific”-like classifications of information, authors presented as “experts” on the topic at hand, and the use of exercises to be enacted individually or in small PK discussion groups. Collectively, these strategies suggest that conservative Christians deal with many of the same complex role demands as non-conservatives. In Particular, the PK stance on gender roles, though Promoted as unambiguously “traditional” in favoring male leadership and female submission, in actuality often reflects acknowledgment and perhaps acceptance of some of the more egalitarian changes in gender role norms. Sociological implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Keywords: dept.ant; dept.soc

Identifying the involvement of multiple carnivore taxa with archaeological bone assemblages - Selvaggio, Marie M; Wilder, Joseph (Journal of Archaeological Science, 2001)
Information on the number of carnivore taxa that were involved with archaeological bone assemblages is pertinent to questions of site formation, hominid and carnivore competition for carcasses and the sequence of hominid and carnivore activity at sites. A majority of early archaeological bone assemblages bear evidence that both hominids and carnivores removed flesh and/or marrow from the bones. Whether flesh specialists (felids) or bone-crunchers (hyaenas), or both, fed upon the carcasses is crucial for deciphering the timing of hominid involvement with the assemblages. Here we present an initial attempt to differentiate the tooth mark signature inflicted on bones by a single carnivore species versus multiple carnivore taxa. Quantitative data on carnivore tooth pits, those resembling a tooth crown or a cusp, are presented for two characteristics: the area of the marks in millimetres, and the shape as determined by the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the mark. Tooth pits from bones modified by extant East African carnivores and latex impressions of tooth pits from extinct carnivore species are compared to those in the FLK Zinjanthropus bone assemblage. Data on tooth mark shape indicate greater variability in the Zinj sample than is exhibited by any individual extant or extinct carnivore species in the comparative sample. Data on tooth mark area demonstrate that bone density is related to the size of marks. Taken together, these data support the inference that felids defleshed bones in the Zinj assemblage and that hyaenas had final access to any grease or tissues that remained. © 2001 Academic Press.
Keywords: Carnivore tooth marks; Methodology; Site formation; Taphonomy; carnivore; dept.ant; dept.soc; feeding; taphonomy; tooth

The nigerian financial superstructure, financial intermediation, and environmental factors: issues, empirical evidence, and managerial implications - Ezirim, Chinedu B; Muoghalu, Michael I; Emenyonu, Emmanuel (Journal of African Business, 2004)
The paper empirically investigates the extent to which environmental factors affect the intermediation performance of the financial superstructure in Nigeria. A number of intermediation-environmental models were constructed and estimated against annual Nigerian data from 1970 to 2000. Among the various environments of financial intermediation, the socio-political environment, the regulatory environment, and the eco-financial environment exert very great influences on the operations of the financial superstructure. This is based on the evidence from the results, which revealed the socio-political index, regulatory index, and foreign exchange market variables as the most critical predictors of the financial intermediation-output-related index. Other factors such as inflation, taxation, financial market imperfection, and the growth rate of the economy appear not to exert statistically significant effects on the intermediation operations of the financial superstructure. Generally, the utility of the specified models was satisfied as indicated by the results of the global statistics. © 2004 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rigths reserved.
Keywords: Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Environmental factors; Financial institutions; Financial intermediation; Financial markets; Financial superstructure; Financial system; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; World; dept.acc; growth rate; management practice; market conditions; performance assessment

Investing in R&D: How to manage your risk - Curtis, Carey C (Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance, 2001)
Keywords: dept.acc

The entry of international CPA firms into emerging markets: motivational factors and growth strategies - Kirsch, Robert J; Laird, Kenneth R; Evans, Thomas G (The International Journal of Accounting, 2000)
This article examines the entry of professional service firms, specifically the Big Six international accounting firms, into emerging foreign markets and explores how they develop and expand their business once established in those markets. The study is based on survey data (supplied by the Big Six) regarding their penetration of the People's Republic of China, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and Central Europe. A conceptual model is employed to illustrate the interrelationship between a firm's specific characteristics, the foreign environment, and foreign subsidiary intrafirm structure. Growth potential, client needs, favorable political/legal climate, and cultural considerations emerged as important factors in determining market entry and growth strategies for professional services firms. The research findings broaden our understanding of factors that influence professional services firms' development of pricing and marketing mix strategies. While all firms surveyed offered a full range of services, their marketing mix strategy differed from domestic approaches because of various local constraints on pricing and promotion. Copyright © 2000 University of Illinois.
Keywords: Commonwealth of independent States; Eastern European and Baltic States; International market entry and expansion; International marketing of accounting services; Marketing mix strategies of professional services firms; People's Republic of China; dept.acc; dept.mkt

A marketing resource-based model of international market entry and expansion for professional services firms - Laird, Kenneth R; Kirsch, Robert J; Evans, Thomas G (Services Marketing Quarterly, 2003)
This paper examines the entry of the Big Six international accounting firms, into emerging foreign markets and explores marketing resource considerations once established in those markets. The study is based on survey data (supplied by the Big Six) regarding their penetration of the People's Republic of China, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and Central Europe. The paper presents a marketing resource-based model based upon relevant research. The model focuses on firm specific resource capabilities interacting with the foreign business environment and the foreign intrafirm structure as a determinant of foreign market entry choice and eventual market expansion. The research findings broaden our understanding of factors that influence professional services firms' development of marketing resource strategies when expanding globally. While all firms surveyed offered a full range of services, their marketing resource strategy differed from domestic approaches because of various local constraints on marketing mix elements. © 2003 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Keywords: Commonwealth of Independent States; Eastern European and Baltic states; International market entry and expansion; International marketing of accounting services; Marketing mix strategies of professional services firms; People's Republic of China; dept.acc; dept.mkt

Visual influences on perception of speech and nonspeech vocal-tract events. - Brancazio, Lawrence; Best, Catherine T; Fowler, Carol A (Language and speech, 2006)
We report four experiments designed to determine whether visual information affects judgments of acoustically-specified nonspeech events as well as speech events (the "McGurk effect"). Previous findings have shown only weak McGurk effects for nonspeech stimuli, whereas strong effects are found for consonants. We used click sounds that serve as consonants in some African languages, but that are perceived as nonspeech by American English listeners. We found a significant McGurk effect for clicks presented in isolation that was much smaller than that found for stop-consonant-vowel syllables. In subsequent experiments, we found strong McGurk effects, comparable to those found for English syllables, for click-vowel syllables, and weak effects, comparable to those found for isolated clicks, for excised release bursts of stop consonants presented in isolation. We interpret these findings as evidence that the potential contributions of speech-specific processes on the McGurk effect are limited, and discuss the results in relation to current explanations for the McGurk effect.
Keywords: *Illusions; *Speech Perception/ph [Physiology]; *Visual Perception/ph [Physiology]; Acoustic Stimulation; Attention; Audiovisual speech perception; Clicks; Humans; McGurk effect; Nonspeech; Perceptual Masking; Psychoacoustics; Speech Acoustics; dept.psy

Almost paradise: the cultural politics of identity and tourism in samaná, dominican republic - Skoczen, Kathleen N (Journal of Latin American Anthropology, 2008)
Keywords: dept.ant

Michelangelo's Captive - Sonnenschein, Dana (The Ekphrastic Review, 2020)
Michangelo’s Captive  ​ I wished to photograph a beautiful man sculpted by Michelangelo, afraid I would forget him if I did not, for he had no story, no name.  But I turned away.  I had the...
Keywords: dept.eng; ⛔ No DOI found

South African territorial segregation: new data on African farm purchases, 1913-1936 - Feinberg, Harvey M; Horn, Andre C (The Journal of African History, 2009)
By using new sources and a complementary historical and geo-analytical approach, this article Illustrates that the Natives Land Act (no. 27 of 1913) failed to stop Africans from buying land. New evidence demonstrates that African land ownership outside the reserves in the Transvaal actually increased after 1913. This evidence leads to a deeper questioning of the extent to which the South African government was able to impose rural territorial segregation by 1936 and reveals the limits of white power in the early Union period.
Keywords: Archives; Land; Law; Race; South Africa; apartheid; dept.his; historical geography; land tenure; landownership; legislation; racial segregation

Semblance of Sovereignty: Cartographic Possession in Map Cartouches and Atlas Frontispieces of Early Modern Europe - Petto, Christine M. (Symbolic Landscapes, 2009)
Maps always present an interpretation of reality and always carry distortions, some of which are consciously or unconsciously ideological. The geographicity of mapping, which involves an intertwining of both science and art, is a vehicle for spatialized/spatializing interpretations of an actual spatiality, and as such is a catalyst for enacting further spatial productions on the basis of the capacity of maps to project themselves “into the landscape.” The scientific pretensions of mapping serve to veil the character of their projective enactment. Maps always entail virtual embodiment, that is, maps realize one possibility out of many, even in the most mathematically “accurate” of spatial relations. Thus, if the imaginative involves both embodied schema and virtual embodiments, we cannot dismiss the role of the geography of imagination in a dialectical relation with the geography of perception, of the actual. The symbolic function of cartouches and frontispieces provides an imagineering context of constructing reality on the basis of the symbolization.
Keywords: Facsimile Edition; Manuscript Library; Online Collection; United Province; Virtual Embodiment; dept.his

Guarding the switch: cultivating nationalism during the pullman strike - Rondinone, Troy (The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, 2009)
The Pullman Strike of 1894 was a cataclysmic event for the nation. During its violent course, the print media provided an interpretive frame that portrayed the strike in large measure as an immigrant-inspired attack on American laws and democratic customs. Often characterizing the strikers as “foreigners” in the thrall of anarchist ideologies and a tyrannous labor chieftain, journalists painted a stark picture indeed. Employing framing theory, Gramsci's notion of hegemony, and recent insights on the ethnic quality of nationalism, this essay argues that newspapers and other major print periodicals significantly contributed to the formation of nationalist attitudes at a time when many Americans were deeply worried over the direction in which the country was headed. © 2009, Society for Historians of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. All rights reserved.
Keywords: dept.his

Review of The vaccinators: smallpox, medical knowledge, and the "Opening" of japan - Thompson, C Michele (Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 2009)
Keywords: book.review; dept.his

Charles Eliot Norton: The art of reform in nineteenth-century America - Davis, Hugh (The Journal of American History, 2008)
Keywords: dept.his; peer-reviewed

Technology and the culture of modernity in Britain and Germany 1890-1945. - Paddock, Troy (German studies review, 2007)
Keywords: dept.his; ⛔ No DOI found

Beasts of the field: A narrative history of California farmworkers, 1769-1913 - Rondinone, Troy (Labor History, 2006)
Keywords: dept.his; ⛔ No DOI found

Wilhelminism and its legacies: German modernities, imperialism and the meanings of reform, 1890-1930. - Paddock, T (German Studies Review, 2006)
Keywords: dept.his; ⛔ No DOI found

Democratic discourses: the radical abolition movement and antebellum american literature - Davis, Hugh (The Journal of American History, 2006)
Keywords: dept.his; peer-reviewed

On the provenance of the holy shroud of Lirey/Turin: A minor suggestion - Friedlander, Alan (The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 2006)
Keywords: dept.his

Creating an oriental feindbild - Paddock, Troy (Central European History, 2006)
Keywords: dept.his

Review of Ceramic technology, part XII of chemistry and chemical technology - Thompson, C. Michele (History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, 2006)
Keywords: book.review; dept.his; ⛔ No DOI found

Language attrition. theoretical perspectives - Schmitt, Elena (International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2009)
Keywords: dept.wll

Book Review: Writers reading writers: intertextual studies in medieval and early modern literature in honor of robert hollander (review) - Palma, Pina (Renaissance Quarterly, 2008)
Keywords: book.review; dept.wll

Book Review: bilingualism: the sociopragmatic-psycholinguistic interface - Schmitt, Elena (Language, 2007)
Keywords: book.review; dept.wll

Research on language education through programmes of study and residence abroad: recent publications - Verplaetse, Lorrie Stoops (International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2007)
Keywords: dept.wll

How qualified are you and how long will you stay?: an exploratory study of novice teachers' perceptions of preparation, inducation and attrition - Mongillo, Maria (2009)
Keywords: dept.sed

A literacy tutoring experience for prospective special educators and struggling second graders. - Spear-Swerling, Louise (Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2009)
This study examined the learning of teacher candidates taking a language arts course in a special-educator preparation program and that of the second graders they tutored in a supervised field component of the course. Teacher candidates' knowledge of literacy instruction was assessed using five knowledge tasks; children were assessed on several measures of basic reading and spelling skills as well as on their knowledge of phonics concepts such as syllable types. Teacher candidates generally had inaccurate perceptions of their knowledge at pretest, but their knowledge improved significantly on all tasks after course instruction. Tutored children improved significantly from pre- to posttest on all assessments. The study suggests that carefully designed literacy coursework with field experiences can benefit both prospective special educators and struggling readers.
Keywords: *Education, Professional/st [Standards]; *Education, Special/st [Standards]; *Educational Status; *Professional Competence/st [Standards]; *Reading; *Remedial Teaching/st [Standards]; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Culture; Curriculum; Curriculum/st [Standards]; Education, Professional; Education, Special; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Linguistics; Linguistics/ed [Education]; Male; Middle Aged; Phonetics; Professional Competence; Questionnaires; Reading; Remedial Teaching; Self Concept; Special education; Surveys and Questionnaires; Teacher education; Teacher knowledge; Teacher perceptions; Young Adult; adolescent; adult; article; child; cultural anthropology; curriculum; dept.sed; education; educational status; female; human; linguistics; male; middle aged; phonetics; professional competence; questionnaire; reading; self concept; standard; teaching; vocational education

Assistive technology - Newton, Deborah A.; Dell, Amy G. (Journal of Special Education Technology, 2009)
Keywords: dept.sed

Assistive technology - Newton, Deborah A.; Dell, Amy G. (Journal of Special Education Technology, 2009)
Keywords: dept.sed

Assistive technology - Newton, Deborah A.; Dell, Amy G. (Journal of Special Education Technology, 2009)
Keywords: dept.sed

Comparing teachers' literacy-related knowledge to their state's standards for reading - McCombes-Tolis, Jule; Feinn, Richard (Reading Psychology, 2008)
This study compared elementary and special education teachers' knowledge of when K-3 students develop key reading competencies, their knowledge of who is responsible for teaching K-3 students key reading competencies, and teachers' perceptions of their own instructionally relevant competencies to those standards articulated within their state's blueprint for reading achievement. Results reveal a disconnect between teacher-held beliefs and state-articulated grade-level student literacy competencies. Results also suggest that teacher preparation programs are not preparing candidates to achieve mastery of essential teacher competencies articulated within their state's reading blueprint. Strengthening the accountability of teacher preparation practices to states' reading blueprint standards is recommended. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Keywords: dept.sed

School-wide intervention in the childhood bullying triangle - Mcnamee, Abigail; Mercurio, Mia (Childhood education, 2008)
Keywords: dept.sed

Effective Social Interaction Strategies for Inclusive Settings. - Terpstra, Judith; Tamura, Ronald (Early Childhood Education Journal, 2008)
Many strategies and interventions exist in the education of young children with disabilities. One area of intervention is that of social interaction, including social skills instruction, peer interaction strategies, and play skills. Interaction and social skill strategies for use with children with and without disabilities for the purpose of increasing social interactions between children with and without disabilities in educational settings is an area many educators of early childhood special education strive to find in an effective and easy to implement format. Several strategies from research are presented in this article. Only strategies that were demonstrated to be successful through reported research are discussed. Strategies are identified according to their ease of implementation and effectiveness., (C)2008 Kluwer Academic Publishers
Keywords: Peer interaction; Play skills; Play strategies; Social interaction; Social skills; Social strategies; dept.sed

Children's reading comprehension and oral reading fluency in easy text - Spear-Swerling, Louise (Reading and Writing, 2006)
This study explored third-graders' oral reading fluency (ORF) in easy text in relation to their third- and fourth-grade reading comprehension. It also examined the children's performance on two different measures of text exposure, a self-report questionnaire and a title-recognition test. Although third-graders' ORF related significantly to their reading comprehension, oral language comprehension accounted for most of the variance in reading comprehension, whereas single word reading speed accounted for most of the variance in ORE Third-grade reading comprehension and ORF each predicted unique variance in children's scores on a fourth-grade state-mandated reading comprehension assessment. Scores on the self-report questionnaire correlated significantly with third-grade ORF and fourth-grade reading; the self-report accounted for reliable variance in ORF even with all of the other reading ability variables entered first. Results are consistent with the viewpoint that text exposure affects reading fluency. They also demonstrate that ORF is a valuable predictor of middle-elementary children's reading comprehension, even when the ORF measure employs very easy text in which children achieve near-perfect word accuracy.
Keywords: Comprehension; Fluency; Reading; Text exposure; dept.sed; peer-reviewed

Violence in the city of women: police and batterers in bahia, brazil - Jackson, Shirley A. (American Journal of Sociology, 2009)
Keywords: dept.soc; peer-reviewed

A whisper toward peace: A theoretical analysis of the council for a parliament of the world religions - Bloch, Jon P (Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 2008)
The Council for a Parliament of the World Religions has been meeting since 1993 to foster a global religious ethic toward world peace, based on the premise that major world religions share this ethic in common. Roland Robertson's multidimensional model of globalization is utilized to analyze the Parliament's foundational Declaration, and explore why the Parliament's message is not receiving wider attention. Excerpts from anti-Parliament sources are included. Based on this analysis, the Parliament appears to have a limited conception of globalization, and so offers but a partial knowledge claim on how religion can resolve global problems. Seen in this light, it is not surprising that some oppose the Parliament's agenda, feel alienated by it, or-given its limitations-are not aware of it.
Keywords: dept.soc

Book Review: The path of the devil: early modern witch hunts. by gary jensen. her hidden children: the rise of wicca and paganism in america. by chas s. clifton. new age and neopagan religions in america. by sarah m. pike. witchcraft and magic: contemporary north america. edited by helen a. berger. voices from the pagan census: a national survey of witches and neo-pagans in the united states. by helen a. berger, evan a. leach, and leigh s. shaffer. researching paganisms (the pagan studies series). edited by jenny balin, douglass ezzy, and graham harvey - Bloch, Jon P. (Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 2008)
Keywords: book.review; dept.soc

Cyber wars: Catholics for a free choice and the online abortion debate - Bloch, Jon P. (Review of Religious Research, 2007)
Catholics for a Free Choice (CFFC) performs considerable advocacy online, through its website as well as through press releases and interviews that appear at other sites. Opponents to CFFC also frequently post online. This article analyzes this online debate to explore how it is conceptually framed. CFFC presents a discourse that is promoted as finding ideological consistency between Catholic values and being prochoice, and which addresses a greater social good beyond the Church per se. In making these self-referential claims, CFFC could be viewed as a “community of discourse” (Wuthnow 1989) that reckons with “problems of articulation” by dealing with both specific and broader tensions. Online opponents to CFFC likewise could be viewed as communities of discourse that promote themselves as having the true Catholic values that serve the greater good. On balance, CFFC online would seem to reflect the larger quandaries of abortion discourse, whereby the Internet can offer a representative depiction of democratic free speech articulated on this controversial issue. Yet at the same time, there is little evidence to date that this online debate is changing anyone's mind or building a new consensus, despite some efforts on the part of CFFC to do so.
Keywords: dept.soc; ⛔ No DOI found

A new perspective: the common factors model as a foundation for social work practice education - Cameron, Mark; Keenan, Elizabeth King (Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 2009)
Foundation social work practice education is critical to the preparation of BSW practitioners for professional practice and the establishment of a theoretical and skill base upon which graduate students may build competencies in the advanced curriculum. Issues in the foundation practice curriculum may hinder this development. The common factors model holds promise as an organizing framework for foundation social work practice education. This model may help to resolve some key issues in social work and social work education, and may provide a useful, coherent, and empirical base for the foundation practice curriculum. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Keywords: Common factors; Direct practice; Foundation curriculum; Practice education; dept.swk; peer-reviewed

Teaching organization theory and practice: an experiential and reflective approach - Cameron, Mark; Turkiewicz, Rita M; Holdaway, Britt A; Bill, Jacqueline S; Goodman, Jessica; Bonner, Aisha; Daly, Stacey; Cohen, Michael D; Lorenz, Cassandra; Wilson, Paul R; Rusk, James (Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 2009)
The organization is often the overlooked level in social work's ecological perspective. However, organizational realities exert a profound influence on human development and well-being as well as the nature and quality of social work practice. This article describes a model of teaching organization theory and practice which requires master's social work students to assess their school of social work as well as their field placement agencies. Teaching organization theory and practice experientially may help students understand how organizations influence practice and empower them to see organization practice as a legitimate and important aspect of their work.
Keywords: Field education; Macro; Organization; Practice; Teaching; dept.swk; peer-reviewed

Book Review: Run: A novel - Rakfeldt, Jaak (Psychiatric Services, 2008)
Keywords: book.review; dept.swk

Refusing the right to refuse: Coerced treatment of mentally disordered persons - Rakfeldt, Jaak (Psychiatric Services, 2008)
Keywords: dept.swk

Crisis intervention handbook: Assessment, treatment, and research - Bliss, Susan (Smith College Studies in Social Work, 2008)
Keywords: dept.swk

Third Space Activities and Change Processes: An Exploration of Ideas from Social and Psychodynamic Theories. - Keenan, Elizabeth; Miehls, Dennis (Clinical Social Work Journal, 2008)
Discussions pertaining to culture, power and/or identity frequently create tensions that are enacted by dyads and groups within schools, workplaces and communities. Although tensions can easily escalate into conflict or violence, we have observed that these tensions can serve as prompts that promote a change process. When individual perspectives are challenged, some participants are able to dissemble their views and consider other perspectives from which new understandings and views emerge. At times, when groups seem to be on the threshold of overt conflict, some participants engage in processes that examine the tension, explore new possibilities, and alter the view of one's subjectivity. We suggest that these activities occur as momentary states in psychological spaces conceptualized as third spaces (Bhabha, The location of culture. London: Routledge, 1994). In this paper, we use concepts from psychodynamic and social theories to describe the conditions that coalesce to form states of mind (nepantla) (Anzaldua, Borderlands/La Frontera: The new mestiza. San Francisco: Aunt Lute Books, 1999; Interviews Entrevistas. New York: Routledge, 2000) and the ability to engage in new relational possibilities (third space activities) with dyads and groups, outside of psychotherapy. The conditions include: critical consciousness, regulation, recognition, and responsibility. We then describe how such momentary experiences can subsequently result in an examination of one's subjectivity, particularly as it pertains to issues regarding culture, power, and identity. Throughout the paper we provide four examples from various settings to illustrate these concepts and processes. Given the increasing racial/ethnic diversity of clients and clinical social workers in North America, this concept of third spaces holds particular relevance for contemporary clinical social work practice., (C)2008 Kluwer Academic Publishers
Keywords: Change processes; Psychodynamic theory; Social theory; Third space activities; dept.swk

Reflections from a student of mothering - Schneider, Dana (Smith College Studies in Social Work, 2008)
This reflective article provides a window into one clinical social worker's experience of returning to school after becoming a mother. The convergence of two separate lives, those of mother and student, is explored through a psychodynamically-informed perspective. Challenges of integrating theories on mothering from an experience-near position are discussed.
Keywords: dept.swk

Posttraumatic play: Towards acceptance and resolution - Dripchak, Valerie L. (Clinical Social Work Journal, 2007)
Many children who experience trauma demonstrate it through posttraumatic play (PTP). This type of play is seen by professionals as a repetitive reenactment of the traumatic event within the child's play. Reliving the event in this way may serve to retraumatize the child and lead to other psychiatric or behavioral problems. This article examines the issues surrounding childhood trauma and PTP. It uses a case study to illustrate the phases of a play therapy approach that incorporates Ericksonian principles, in order for the child to achieve resolution and acceptance. The countertransference issues that a clinician may encounter also are discussed.
Keywords: Play therapy; Posttraumatic play; Retraumatize; Trauma in children; dept.swk

Lesbian mothers with planned families: A comparative study of internalized homophobia and social support - DeMino, Kathleen A.; Appleby, George; Fisk, Deborah (American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 2007)
This study compared the perception of social support and the degree of internalized homophobia for two demographically similar groups: lesbians with planned families and lesbians who did not have children. Results found that lesbians with planned families perceived significantly less social support from friends overall, from gay men and lesbian friends specifically, and more support from their families-of-origin than lesbians who did not have children. Lesbians with planned families also reported significantly higher internalized homophobia specific to disclosure of sexual identification. The authors suggest that selective disclosure may be an adaptive response rather than a true measure of internalized homophobia.
Keywords: Adult; Attitude; Child; Family Planning Services; Female; Homosexuality, Female; Humans; Internalized homophobia; Lesbian mothers; Maternal Behavior; Mothers; Percerption of social support; Planned families; Questionnaires; Self Concept; Social Support; adult; article; controlled study; demography; dept.swk; family; female; gender identity; homophobia; human; lesbian; male homosexual; social support

Diagnosing conduct problems of children and adolescents in residential treatment - Cameron, Mark; Guterman, Neil B (Child Care Quarterly, 2007)
This naturalistic study of diagnostic practice in residential treatment agencies for children investigated the use of the DSM-IVconduct disorder diagnosis and its association with residents' externalizing behaviors. The conduct disorder (CD) diagnosis was a poor predictor of participants' externalizing behaviors during their first few months in residence. Additionally, the assignment of the diagnosis was associated with the gender and race of study participants. Decisions of admissions personnel and practitioners in residential treatment facilities regarding their externalizing clients may not be well-served by use of DSM diagnoses. Assessments of caregivers may prove a useful adjunct to DSM diagnoses. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Keywords: Adolescents; Children; Conduct disorder; DSM-IV validity; Diagnosis; Residential treatment; dept.swk

Patterns of interaction: Conceptualizing the crossroads between social structures, interpersonal actions, and psychological well-being - Keenan, Elizabeth King (Smith College Studies in Social Work, 2007)
Patterns of interaction theory directs social workers' attention to the relations between structures (psychological and social), and actions: the crossroads of continuity and change. Because it describes sequences of action by key participants that generate specific options at various points in a sequence, it serves as both theory and method for understanding and intervening with human beings and social structures. The use of patterns of interaction as an overarching construct illuminates the reciprocal relationships between social structures, interpersonal actions, and psychological well-being. This paper outlines a preliminary conceptualization of patterns of interaction theory and the methodology that grows out of it. The social service programs of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) and a community-based case management welfare-to-work program illustrate how an ethical lens applied to patterns of interaction can help social workers intervene within complex relations to facilitate client growth. Patterns of interaction theory is a potentially effective way of describing and analyzing the therapeutic effects of a range of different social service programs.
Keywords: dept.swk; ⚠️ Invalid DOI

The good life - Rakfeldt, Jaak (Psychiatric Services, 2006)
Keywords: dept.swk

Assertive outreach: An effective strategy for engaging homeless persons with substance use disorders into treatment - Fisk, Deborah; Rakfeldt, Jaak; McCormack, Erin (American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2006)
The purpose of this study was to examine substance abuse treatment referrals that were made by outreach workers in a homeless outreach project. Ten outreach workers completed questionnaires on each of their clients who they had referred to a substance abuse treatment program over the previous year. Additional data was collected on the client's motivation level at the point the referral was made, which agencies the client was referred to, and if the client was rejected from any of the treatment programs. Bivariate correlation analyses were used to examine relationships between the variables. Of 73 project clients who were referred to substance abuse treatment in a one-year period of time, 41% successfully entered treatment. As might be expected, there was a statistically significant relationship between clients' motivation level and completed referral, and between referrals made and program acceptance. This study provides evidence that assertive outreach is effective in engaging and linking homeless persons with substance use disorders to substance abuse treatment services.
Keywords: Adolescent; Adult; Assertive outreach; Community-Institutional Relations; Female; Homeless Persons; Homeless populations; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Substance abuse; Substance-Related Disorders; Treatment Outcome; adult; article; assertiveness; correlation analysis; dept.swk; drug dependence treatment; female; homelessness; human; major clinical study; male; mental health service; motivation; patient referral; social work; social worker; statistical significance; substance abuse

My father the spy: An investigative memoir - Rakfeldt, J (Psychiatric Services, 2006)
Keywords: dept.swk

Weight bias: Nature, consequences, and remedies. - Howe, Esther (Clinical Social Work Journal, 2006)
Keywords: dept.swk

Introduction to the book reviews - Vol. 34 Iss. 1 - Keenan, EK (Clinical Social Work Journal, 2006)
Keywords: dept.swk

Introduction to the book reviews - Vol. 34 Iss. 2 - Keenan, Elizabeth King (Clinical Social Work Journal, 2006)
Keywords: dept.swk

Introduction to the book reviews - Vol. 34 Iss. 3 - Keenan, Elizabeth King (Clinical Social Work Journal, 2006)
Keywords: dept.swk

Introduction to the book reviews - Vol. 34 Iss. 4 - Keenan, Elizabeth King (Clinical Social Work Journal, 2006)
Keywords: dept.swk

Stress coping mechanisms in elderly adults: an initial study of recreational and other coping behaviors in nursing home patients - Hunter, I Roy; Gillen, Mark C (Adultspan Journal, 2009)
Residents (N = 32) of 3 skilled nursing homes participated in a study designed to document the nature of the stressors they experienced and the coping mechanisms they used. Medical issues were the most common stressors. The most common coping responses were prayer, reading, watching television, listening to music, and talking to friends and family. © 2009 by the American Counseling Association. All rights reserved.
Keywords: dept.rec

An analysis of whitewater rafting safety data: risk management for programme organizers - Hunter, I. Roy (Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 2007)
Keywords: dept.rec

Alcohol as a response to stress in older adults: A counseling perspective - Hunter, I Roy; Gillen, Mark C (Adultspan Journal, 2006)
Keywords: dept.rec

Reading rescue: An effective tutoring intervention model for language minority students who are struggling readers in first grade - Ehri, Linnea C.; Dreyer, Lois G.; Flugman, Bert; Gross, Alan (American Educational Research Journal, 2007)
The Reading Rescue tutoring intervention model was investigated with 64 low-socioeconomic status, language-minority first graders with reading difficulties. School staff provided tutoring in phonological awareness, systematic phonics, vocabulary, fluency, and reading comprehension. Tutored students made significantly greater gains reading words and comprehending text than controls, who received a small-group intervention (d = 0.70) or neither intervention (d = 0.74). The majority of tutored students reached average reading levels whereas the majority of controls did not. Paraprofessionals tutored students as effectively as reading specialists except in skills benefiting nonword decoding. Paraprofessionals required more sessions to achieve equivalent gains. Contrary to conventional wisdom, results suggest that students make greater gains when they read text at an independent level than at an instructional level.
Keywords: Beginning reading instruction; Language-minority students; Paraprofessionals; Reading acquisition; Struggling readers; Tutoring; dept.rdg

Development of writing knowledge in grades 2–8: A comparison of typically developing writers and their struggling peers - Lin, Shin ju Cindy; Monroe, Brandon W.; Troia, Gary A. (Reading & Writing Quarterly, 2007)
This study examined student perspectives about writing by interviewing both typically developing and struggling writers in Grades 2 through 8. The findings revealed a progressive developmental pattern of writing knowledge in which novice writers place more emphasis on the physical product and local meaning, while more experienced writers focus on global aspects, such as meaning and communication with an audience. In comparison, struggling writers focus on product over process even at the secondary level. Educational implications are discussed and include careful attention to the developmental level of the students during writing instruction.
Keywords: dept.rdg

The research-practice divide in beginning reading - Spear-Swerling, Louise (Theory into Practice, 2007)
An extensive research base on beginning reading acquisition and reading difficulties, developed over the past few decades, has important implications for the teaching of reading. Unfortunately, much of this research does not appear to be reaching teachers, whose knowledge is essential for scientific findings about reading to benefit children. This article focuses on two key areas of teachers' research-based disciplinary knowledge for teaching reading: knowledge about children's early reading development and knowledge about English word structure. Evidence demonstrating a gap between teacher knowledge in these areas and current scientific findings is reviewed. Next, possible reasons for the gap are explored. The article concludes with suggestions for educators who are interested in acquiring additional research-based knowledge about reading.
Keywords: dept.rdg; dept.sed

Teaching writing strategies to middle school students with disabilities - Monroe, Brandon W.; Troia, Gary A. (Journal of Educational Research, 2006)
Following less than 8 hr of instruction in the use of strategies to facilitate planning, self-regulation, and revising while writing opinion essays, a group of 3 middle school students with learning disabilities (LD) made substantial gains in each of 5 quality traits on which their papers were scored. On average, posttest scores of students with LD were better by 1 point on a 6-point scale than were those scores obtained by a group of LD students who served as controls. Participants' scores approached the level of writing performance exhibited by a group of peers without disabilities. The authors also observed treatment effects for number of functional essay elements; students who received strategy instruction gained an average of 1.3 functional elements from pretest to posttest. However, generalization to narrative writing was not obtained.
Keywords: Effects on writing quality; Middle school students with learning disabilities; Strategies for supporting the writing process; dept.rdg

Utilization of mammography among older hispanic women - Martinez, M. V.; Unson, C. (Gerontologist, 2009)
Keywords: dept.pch; peer-reviewed; ⛔ No DOI found

Health disparities in health status across the life course - Unson, C. (Gerontologist, 2009)
Keywords: dept.pch; peer-reviewed; ⛔ No DOI found

Impact of communication training on physician expression of empathy in patient encounters - Bonvicini, Kathleen A.; Perlin, Michael J.; Bylund, Carma L.; Carroll, Gregory; Rouse, Ruby A.; Goldstein, Michael G. (Patient Education and Counseling, 2009)
Objective: To examine whether an educational intervention that focused on physician communication training influenced physician ernpathic expression during patient interactions. Methods: This study used a quantitative research method to investigate the influence of communication training on physician-expressed empathy using two measures (global and hierarchical) of physician empathic behavior. Results: The differences in global empathy scores in the physician training group from baseline to follow-up improved by 37%, and hierarchical scores of physician empathic expression improved by up to 51% from baseline scores for the same group. Conclusions: The results strongly supported the hypotheses that training made a significant difference in physician empathic expression during patient interactions demonstrated by both outside observer measures of global ratings and hierarchical ratings of physician empathic behavior. Practice implications: These findings have significant implications for program design and development in medical education and professional training with the potential to improve patient outcomes. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Adult; Communication; Education, Medical, Continuing; Educational intervention; Empathy; Female; Humans; Male; Measurement; Medical education; Middle Aged; Patient-Centered Care; Physician training; Physician-Patient Relations; Physician-patient relations; Quantitative; Research; United States; dept.pch

Predictors of Membership in Three Market Segments of Older African-American Women - Haemer, K.; Unson, C. (Gerontologist, 2008)
Keywords: dept.pch; peer-reviewed; ⛔ No DOI found

Caregivers perspectives and use of professional counseling services: results from focus group discussions - Haymes, E.; Unson, C.; Glendon, M.; Fisher, D.; Ben-Avie, M.; Kerins, G. (Gerontologist, 2008)
Keywords: dept.pch; peer-reviewed; ⛔ No DOI found

Pharmacist conscience clauses and access to oral contraceptives - Flynn, D. P. (Journal of Medical Ethics, 2008)
The introduction of conscience clauses after the 1973 US Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade allowed physicians and nurses to opt out of medical procedures, particularly abortions, to which they were morally opposed. In recent years pharmacists have requested the same consideration with regard to dispensing some medicines. This paper examines the pharmacists' role and their professional and moral obligations to patients in the light of recent refusals by pharmacists to dispense oral contraceptives. A review of John Rawls's concepts of the “original position” and the “veil of ignorance”, along with consideration of the concept of compartmentalisation, are used to assess pharmacists' requests and the moral and legal rights of patients to have their prescriptive needs met.
Keywords: *Continuity of Patient Care/st [Standards]; *Contraceptives, Oral/sd [Supply & Distribution]; *Moral Obligations; *Pharmaceutical Services/es [Ethics]; *Pharmacists/es [Ethics]; *Refusal to Treat/es [Ethics]; Continuity of Patient Care; Continuity of Patient Care/es [Ethics]; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Humans; Moral Obligations; Pharmaceutical Services; Pharmaceutical Services/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence]; Pharmacists; Refusal to Treat; Refusal to Treat/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence]; Religion; dept.pch; ethics; female; human; legal aspect; morality; oral contraceptive agent; patient abandonment; patient care; pharmacist; pharmacy; religion; review; standard

Our men are grinding out: a qualitative examination of sex ratio imbalances, relationship power, and low-income African American women's health. - Bontempi, Jean M Breny; Eng, Eugenia; Quinn, Sandra Crouse (Women & Health, 2008)
In the United States, the number of HIV/AIDS cases among women of color is increasing, with African American women now comprising 60% of all female AIDS cases. Scholars have attributed this imbalance to social factors. The aim of this study was to explore the impact that relationship power has on heterosexual women's ability to practice safer sex. Five focus groups were conducted with 24 African American women, aged 18-57 years, residing in public housing in rural North Carolina over a six-month period in 2000. Findings suggest that women maintain their independence, despite inequities in relationship power and remain strong to make a better life for their families. Recommendations are made to promote and build upon this social identity that women have in order to help them practice healthier behaviors.
Keywords: *African Americans/px [Psychology]; *Cultural Characteristics; *Poverty/eh [Ethnology]; *Power, Psychological; *Sexual Behavior/eh [Ethnology]; *Women's Health/eh [Ethnology]; Adult; African American; African American women; African Americans; Anecdotes as Topic; Cultural Characteristics; Female; Focus Groups; HIV Infections; HIV Infections/eh [Ethnology]; HIV prevention; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Humans; Middle Aged; North Carolina; Poverty; Power (Psychology); Qualitative research; Questionnaires; Safe Sex; Safe Sex/eh [Ethnology]; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Partners; Sexual Partners/px [Psychology]; Sexual health promotion; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States; Women's Health; adult; article; attitude to health; behavior; cultural factor; dept.pch; ethnology; female; human; information processing; literature; middle aged; poverty; psychological aspect; questionnaire; safe sex; sexual behavior; sexuality; women's health

Strategies for living long and healthy lives: Perspectives of older African/Caribbean-American women - Unson, Christine G.; Trella, Patricia M.; Chowdhury, Sutopa; Davis, Elizabeth M. (Journal of Applied Communication Research, 2008)
The influence of health and socioeconomic status on perceptions of aging and adaptation strategies of older African/Caribbean-American women was examined. Responses of 38 women (average age = 77.3 years) to: “What do you like and dislike about growing old?” and To what would you attribute your long life? were analyzed. Respondents were classified as: financially independent/healthy, financially dependent/healthy, financially independent/not healthy and financially dependent/not healthy. Narratives revealed declining health and restricted financial resources limited perceptions of opportunities for well-being. Despite differences in health and financial status, groups had some common strategies: avoiding risk behaviors, holding moral beliefs, optimism, altruism and spirituality. It was concluded that health and socioeconomic status had some influence on perceptions of aging and adaptation strategies.
Keywords: African-American; Aging perspectives; Caribbean-American; Older adult; dept.pch

Book Review: vulnerable populations in the united states - Bontempi, Jean M Breny (Inquiry-the Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing, 2006)
Keywords: book.review; dept.pch

Book Review: gender, race, class & health: intersectional approaches - Faraclas, William G (Inquiry-the Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing, 2006)
Keywords: book.review; dept.pch

Words that predict outstanding performance - Abe, Jo Ann A. (Journal of Research in Personality, 2009)
This study applied word count strategies developed by expressive writing researchers to examine whether the words students use to describe and reflect on their field practicum experiences would predict practicum supervisors' ratings of their performance. The weekly journals of 66 students who completed a practicum at a mental health or school setting were analyzed using a computerized text-analysis program. As expected, positive emotion words and "insight" words were positively correlated with almost all dimensions of evaluation, with the exception of organizational ability, and "we" words were associated with dimensions that focused on interpersonal relations. These findings further support the view that positive emotion words and "insight" words are powerful markers of cognitive broadening and behavioral flexibility and that "we" words index feelings of affiliation and belonging. As one might expect, there was an increase in "we" words and a decrease in "anxiety" words over the course of the internship. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Experiential learning; Positive emotions; Reflection; Text-analysis; dept.psy; peer-reviewed