The persistence of republicanism: class war talk, american style - Cassano, Graham; Rondinone, Troy (Labor Studies Journal, 2010)
The authors argue that there have been moments in American history when a class analysis entered into popular discourse. What has been "exceptional" about American history is the manner in which that class analysis emerged. When Americans speak the language of "class" and "class warfare," it is often clothed in the rhetoric of labor republicanism. That is, rather than offering a systemic analysis of capitalist processes, American labor republicanism offers a class analysis that sets a small set of bad acting "elites" and their dependents against the mass of American workers. The authors trace this discourse from Franklin Roosevelt's 1936 description of "economic royalists" to Lou Dobbs's nativist attack on "corporate elites" and undocumented workers. As the United States enters a new period of "class awareness" and economic crisis, this republicanism returns to haunt public discourse. © 2010 UALE.
Keywords: Franklin D. Roosevelt; Lou Dobbs; Marxian analysis; class warfare; dept.his; labor republicanism

Sinification as Limitation: Minh Mạng’s Prohibition on Use of Nôm and the Resulting Marginalization of Nôm Medical Texts - Thompson, C. Michele (Looking at it from Asia: the Processes that Shaped the Sources of History of Science, 2010)
For Vietnamese scholars in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries reading and writing ability in both Chinese and Nôm (an ideographic writing system used to write Vietnamese) was considered an essential tool of scholarship and literary expression.
Keywords: Chinese Character; Imperial Examination System; Medical Text; Royal Court; Vietnamese Language; dept.his

Actigraphy features for predicting mobility disability in older adults - Kheirkhahan, Matin; Tudor-Locke, Catrine; Axtell, Robert; Buman, Matthew P.; Fielding, Roger A.; Glynn, Nancy W.; Guralnik, Jack M.; King, Abby C.; White, Daniel K.; Miller, Michael E.; Siddique, Juned; Brubaker, Peter; et al. (Physiological Measurement, 2016)
Actigraphy has attracted much attention for assessing physical activity in the past decade. Many algorithms have been developed to automate the analysis process, but none has targeted a general model to discover related features for detecting or predicting mobility function, or more specifically, mobility impairment and major mobility disability (MMD). Men (N = 357) and women (N = 778) aged 70-89 years wore a tri-axial accelerometer (Actigraph GT3X) on the right hip during free-living conditions for 8.4 +/- 3.0 d. One-second epoch data were summarized into 67 features. Several machine learning techniques were used to select features from the free-living condition to predict mobility impairment, defined as 400 m walking speed ¡0.80 m s(-1). Selected features were also included in a model to predict the first occurrence of MMD-defined as the loss in the ability to walk 400 m. Each method yielded a similar estimate of 400 m walking speed with a root mean square error of similar to 0.07 m s(-1) and an R-squared values ranging from 0.37-0.41. Sensitivity and specificity of identifying slow walkers was approximately 70% and 80% for all methods, respectively. The top five features, which were related to movement pace and amount (activity counts and steps), length in activity engagement (bout length), accumulation patterns of activity, and movement variability significantly improved the prediction of MMD beyond that found with common covariates (age, diseases, anthropometry, etc). This study identified a subset of actigraphy features collected in free-living conditions that are moderately accurate in identifying persons with clinically-assessed mobility impaired and significantly improve the prediction of MMD. These findings suggest that the combination of features as opposed to a specific feature is important to consider when choosing features and/or combinations of features for prediction of mobility phenotypes in older adults.
Keywords: Accelerometers; Actigraphy; Analysis process; Artificial intelligence; Data mining; Disability; Feature extraction; Forecasting; Free livings; General model; Learning systems; Living conditions; Mean square error; Older adults; Patient monitoring; Physical activity; Sedentary; Walking aids; Walking speed; aging; data mining; dept.hms; disability; machine learning; physical activity; sedentary; ⚠️ Invalid DOI

Great games that disappeared - Rauschenbach, James; Swartz, Daniel R (Strategies: a journal for physical and sport educators, 2016)
Sometimes through a single person's efforts, a new and innovative game is developed and promoted locally. Occasionally, circumstances cause these games to remain on a local level without being adopted by mainstream physical educators and physical activity professionals. Unfortunately, some educators tend to stick to what they know and teach traditional games and sports. This practice has left little room for unique and innovative games such as tchoukball and hocker to contribute to physical education curriculum. This article describes the history of how each of these games was developed and promoted. Rules, equipment and game-play strategies are provided. ©, Copyright Taylor & Francis.
Keywords: dept.hms

Fish oil supplementation is associated with improved physical function and reduced mobility disability - Gundermann, D. M.; Hire, D. G.; Ambrosius, W. T.; Kritchevsky, S. B.; Pahor, M.; Axtell, R. S.; Newman, A. B.; Manini, T. M. (Gerontologist, 2015)
Keywords: dept.hms; peer-reviewed; ⛔ No DOI found

The relationship between indices of parasympathetic nervous activity and cardiovascular health in men - Latchman, P; Gates, Gregory J; Thiel, Robert; Hannah, C; Stachenfeld, Nina S; Meersman, R De (Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical, 2015)
Keywords: dept.hms

Effectiveness of a hybrid classroom in the delivery of medical terminology course content relative to a traditional classroom format - Martin, Jeffrey S; Kreiger, Joan E; Apicerno, Amy L (Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 2015)
Keywords: dept.hms

Psychoanalysis, artistic obsession, and artistic motivation: the study of pathography. - Kemler, David S (Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2014)
A modern assessment of Freud's conceptualization of the creative process focusing on drives, ego psychology, and object relation theory is presented. 40 artists and musicians were interviewed employing 13 open-ended questions to provoke responses historically associated with the theoretical conceptualizations of Freud and post-Freudian theory related to the creative process. Creative process was defined as internal object relations that motivate the external connection between artist and the creative work. Measured responses concerning purpose and understanding; motivation before, during, and after performance; obstacles in performance; and needs through the creative process were assessed. Cluster analysis segregated the participants into high, medium, and low agreement groups based on similarity of responses. A multivariate stepwise regression revealed four questions (enlightenment, drives, obstacles, and ought self discrepancies) accounted for 83.9% of the variance. A post hoc discriminant function analysis identified 82.5% of the population to their correct groups. The findings support Spitz's (2005) suggestion that we regard “drives, ego psychology, and object relation theory not as separate approaches but as parts of a whole with varying stresses or accents” (p. 503).
Keywords: Adult; Art; Cluster Analysis; Creativity; Drive; Female; Freudian Theory; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Multivariate Analysis; Music; Object Attachment; Obsessive Behavior; Psychoanalytic Theory; Regression Analysis; adult; art; article; cluster analysis; creativity; dept.hms; drive; female; human; male; middle aged; motivation; multivariate analysis; music; object relation; obsession; psychoanalytic theory; psychological aspect; regression analysis

PASS: creating physically active school systems. - Ciotto, Carol M; Fede, Marybeth H (The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 2014)
Keywords: dept.hms

Entry-level athletic trainers' self-confidence in clinical skill preparedness for treating athletic and emergent settings populations - Morin, Gary E; Misasi, Sharon; Davis, Charles; Hannah, Corey; Rothbard, Matthew (Athletic training education journal, 2014)
Keywords: dept.hms

Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity in young normotensive African-American women - Latchman, Peter; Gates, Gregory J; Axtell, Robert S; Pereira, Jason; Bartels, Matthew N; Meersman, Ronald Edmond De (Clinical Autonomic Research, 2013)
Keywords: African American; European American; adult; article; body mass; breathing rate; clinical article; controlled study; dept.hms; diastolic blood pressure; family history; female; human; hypertension; physical activity; pressoreceptor reflex; race difference; systolic blood pressure

Make your own fitness: the suspension training project - Rauschenbach, Jim; Morrell, Katie; Ridley, Ben; Walsh, Brittany (Strategies: a journal for physical and sport educators, 2013)
Keywords: dept.hms

Promoting physical activity for elders with compromised function: the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study physical activity intervention - Rejeski, W. Jack; Axtell, Robert; Fielding, Roger; Katula, Jeffrey; King, Abby C.; Manini, Todd M.; Marsh, Anthony P.; Pahor, Marco; Rego, Alvito; Tudor-Locke, Catrine; Newman, Mark; Walkup, Michael P.; et al. (Clinical Interventions in Aging, 2013)
The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study is a Phase III randomized controlled clinical trial (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01072500) that will provide definitive evidence regarding the effect of physical activity (PA) on major mobility disability in older adults (70-89 years old) who have compromised physical function. This paper describes the methods employed in the delivery of the LIFE Study PA intervention, providing insight into how we promoted adherence and monitored the fidelity of treatment. Data are presented on participants' motives and self-perceptions at the onset of the trial along with accelerometry data on patterns of PA during exercise training. Prior to the onset of training, 31.4% of participants noted slight conflict with being able to meet the demands of the program and 6.4% indicated that the degree of conflict would be moderate. Accelerometry data collected during PA training revealed that the average intensity - 1,555 counts/minute for men and 1,237 counts/minute for women - was well below the cutoff point used to classify exercise as being of moderate intensity or higher for adults. Also, a sizable subgroup required one or more rest stops. These data illustrate that it is not feasible to have a single exercise prescription for older adults with compromised function. Moreover, the concept of what constitutes “moderate” exercise or an appropriate volume of work is dictated by the physical capacities of each individual and the level of comfort/stability in actually executing a specific prescription.
Keywords: Accelerometry; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Compromised physical function; Exercise; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Independent Living; Male; Mobility Limitation; Older adults; Physical disability; Qualitative Research; Risk Reduction Behavior; Sex Distribution; accelerometry; aged; aging; article; autoregulation; body mass; compromised physical function; computer interface; computer program; conceptual framework; controlled study; dept.hms; education; elderly care; ethnicity; exercise intensity; female; health education; human; human experiment; lifestyle; male; motor performance; normal human; older adults; phase 3 clinical trial; physical activity; physical capacity; physical disability; quality of life; randomized controlled trial; semi structured interview; sex difference; social behavior; social environment

“The greatest game ever”: swatball - Swartz, Daniel R; Rauschenbach, Jim (Strategies: a journal for physical and sport educators, 2013)
Keywords: dept.hms

Physical activity strategies for improved cognition: the mind/body connection - Fede, Marybeth H (Strategies: a journal for physical and sport educators, 2012)
Keywords: dept.hms

Potential impact of a 500-mL water bolus and body mass on plasma osmolality dilution - Sollanek, Kurt J.; Kenefick, Robert W.; Cheuvront, Samuel N.; Axtell, Robert S. (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011)
A methodological discrepancy exists in the hydration assessment literature regarding the establishment of euhydration, as some investigations utilize a prehydration technique, while others do not (overnight fluid/food fast). However, the degree that plasma osmolality (Posm) dilutes when using the pre-hydration method and how body mass/composition might influence the results is not known. Thirty subjects (22 M, 8 F; 20 ± 2 years (mean ± SD); 1.8 ± 0.1 m; 75.8 ± 13.5 kg) had P osm measured after an 8-h food and fluid fast (overnight fast) and 90 min after a 500-mL (4-9 mL/kg) water bolus (prehydration). From pre- to post-bolus, participants' P osm declined from 297 ± 3.5 to 295 ± 3.8 mmol/kg (p<0.05; Δ -1.7 ± 3.5 mmol/kg). One-third of the sample diluted to more than -3 mmol/kg. The effect of body mass on P osm dilution was investigated by comparing dilution in the ten lightest (62.8 ± 3.4 kg) and heaviest (92.0 ± 9.8 kg) participants; however, the change between the light (Δ -1.9 ± 3.8 mmol/kg) versus heavy groups (Δ -1.1 ± 3.0 mmol/kg) was not different (p>0.05). The correlation between body mass or total body water and change in P osm was weak (p>0.05), as was the correlation between relative fluid intake based on mass and change in P osm (p>0.05). The two methodologies appear to produce similar P osm values when measured in most individuals. However, the potential for significant dilution (>3 mmol/kg) should be considered when choosing the pre-hydration methodology. © Springer-Verlag (outside the USA) 2011.
Keywords: Adolescent; Adult; Blood; Blood Chemical Analysis; Body Weight; Dehydration; Drinking; Female; Fluid intake; Humans; Hydration assessment; Hypohydration; Male; Osmolar Concentration; SCSU-student; Total body water; Water; Water-Electrolyte Balance; Young Adult; adolescent; adult; article; blood; blood analysis; body weight; clinical trial; dehydration; dept.hms; drinking; drug effect; electrolyte balance; female; human; male; metabolism; osmolarity; physiology; water

Impaired autonomic function in normotensive obese children - Latchman, Peter L; Mathur, Madhu; Bartels, Matthew N; Axtell, Robert S; Meersman, Ronald E De (Clinical Autonomic Research, 2011)
Purpose To evaluate baroreflex sensitivity and autonomic control in a cohort of normotensive obese (OB) children. Method A cross-sectional investigation, in which, baroreflex sensitivity and autonomic control were evaluated using transfer function and power spectral density analysis (PSDA) of the electrocardiogram and beat-to-beat blood pressures in normotensive OB children and normal weight normotensive controls. All methods used were noninvasive and data were captured while seated and at rest. Results The OB and control subjects non-obese (NO) were of similar age (OB 9.1 ± 1.9 years vs.NO9.2 ± 1.4 years). The OB group was classified as having a BMI greater than the 95th percentile adjusted for age and gender, and a NO group with a BMI at or less than the 95th percentile (BMI percentile OB. 97.5 ± 1.3 vs. NO 58.5 ± 24.1). Both groups had similar normotensive blood pressures. T tests revealed that baroreflex sensitivity and HFRR were significantly reduced in the OB 9.2 ± 2.7 vs. 15.2 ± 4.7 (ms/mmHg) and 6.7 ± 1.1 vs. 8.2 ± 1.1 ms 2, respectively, while LF SBP and LF/HF ratio were significantly increased in the OB 11.9 ± 5.6 vs. 8.2 ± 4.7 mmHg 2 and 1.2 ± 0.7 vs. 0.54 ± 0.3, respectively. Conclusions Normotensive OB children exhibited significantly reduced baroreflex sensitivity, parasympathetic control as well as increased sympathetic control when compared with healthy, NO controls. Findings in this investigation raise the awareness that autonomic dysfunction is present in young OB normotensive children. © Springer-Verlag 2011.
Keywords: Autonomic Nervous System; Autonomic modulation; Baroreflex sensitivity; Blood Pressure; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Normotensive; Obese children; Obesity; article; autonomic dysfunction; blood pressure; blood pressure measurement; body mass; body weight; child; clinical article; controlled study; dept.hms; electrocardiogram; female; human; male; obesity; pressoreceptor reflex; school child; sensitivity analysis

Wingate test peak power is positively correlated to peak torque and power in bilateral isokinetic knee dynamometry - Lunn, William R; Zenoni, Maria; Crandall, Ian; Berglund, Michelle; Dress, Ashley; Wiley, Charlie; Axtell, Robert S (The FASEB Journal, 2011)
Keywords: dept.hms; peer-reviewed; ⛔ No DOI found

Evaluation of an interdisciplinary physically active lifestyle course model - Fede, Marybeth H. (Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2010)
Keywords: dept.hms; peer-reviewed; ⛔ No DOI found

Pedagogical consideration: how do I teach to my students? - Xiang, Ping; Yang, Jinjin (Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2010)
Keywords: dept.hms; peer-reviewed; ⛔ No DOI found

Seeing to hear? Patterns of gaze to speaking faces in children with autism spectrum disorders. - Irwin, Julia R; Brancazio, Lawrence (Frontiers in Psychology, 2014)
Using eye-tracking methodology, gaze to a speaking face was compared in a group of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and a group with typical development (TD). Patterns of gaze were observed under three conditions: audiovisual (AV) speech in auditory noise, visual only speech and an AV non-face, non-speech control. Children with ASD looked less to the face of the speaker and fixated less on the speakers' mouth than TD controls. No differences in gaze were reported for the non-face, non-speech control task. Since the mouth holds much of the articulatory information available on the face, these findings suggest that children with ASD may have reduced access to critical linguistic information. This reduced access to visible articulatory information could be a contributor to the communication and language problems exhibited by children with ASD.
Keywords: Audiovisual speech perception; Autism spectrum disorders; Communication development; Eyetracking; Lipreading; Speech in noise; dept.hls; dept.hms; dept.psy; peer-reviewed

Do adult medicaid enrollees prefer going to their primary care provider's clinic rather than emergency department (ED) for low acuity conditions? - Capp, Roberta; Camp-Binford, Meredith; Sobolewski, Sarah; Bulmer, Sandra; Kelley, Lauren (Medical Care, 2015)
Background: The rates of annual visits for adult Medicaid enrollees to the emergency department (ED) are increasing. Many programs throughout the country are focused on engaging patients in the use of their primary care providers (PCP) rather than the ED for low acuity conditions. It is unclear, however, the proportion of patients who are willing to use primary care services rather than the ED if they are given the choice. Methods: Cross-sectional study of adult Medicaid enrollees (18 y and older) presenting to a large, urban, academic ED from June to August 2012 with a low acuity condition was performed. We excluded patients who did not have a PCP or active Medicaid insurance. Our primary goal was to determine the proportion of patients who prefer to use the ED, rather than their PCP clinic, if an appointment was immediately available. Our second goal was to understand why patients would prefer ED over PCP care. Results: A total of 150 patients agreed to complete the survey, and 95 (63.3%) met our inclusion criteria. Forty-three patients (45.3%) stated preferring to use their PCPs rather than the ED if an appointment was available at that time. Thirteen (48.1%) cited that the ED had more technology or specialty care services available when compared with their PCP's clinic, 8 (15.4%) were in significant pain, and 6 (11.5%) felt the care they received in the ED was better than what they would receive in their PCP clinic. Conclusions: Our study shows that a little less than half of adult Medicaid enrollees presenting to the ED with low acuity conditions would have preferred to use their PCP rather than the ED, if an appointment had been immediately available.
Keywords: Academic Medical Centers; Adult; Article; Continental Population Groups; Cross-Sectional Studies; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Male; Medicaid; Middle Aged; Patient Preference; Patient Satisfaction; Primary Health Care; United States; Urban Population; adult; ancestry group; cross-sectional study; dept.hhs; emergency department; emergency health service; emergency ward; female; health care availability; health care delivery; health service; health survey; human; major clinical study; male; medicaid; middle aged; pain; patient preference; patient satisfaction; primary care clinic; primary health care; primary medical care; priority journal; statistics and numerical data; technology; university hospital; urban population

A research update on correlates of heavy episodic drinking among undergraduate college students. - Montauti, Sara; Bulmer, Sandra Minor (American Journal of Health Education, 2014)
Despite prevention efforts of colleges and universities across the nation, there have been no substantial decreases in heavy episodic drinking among undergraduates over the past 2 decades.This study provides an update on correlates of heavy episodic drinking for a recent cohort of undergraduate college students.A cross-sectional survey design was utilized. Participants were randomly selected undergraduate students from a public 4-year university located in the Northeast.Heavy episodic drinking was associated with male gender, white race, having a family history of drug or alcohol abuse, smoking cigarettes, and using marijuana. Age, athlete status, completion of an alcohol education program, condom use, depression, anxiety, and financial stress were not associated. After controlling for gender and race, marijuana use and smoking cigarettes were found to increase predictability of heavy episodic drinking.Rates of heavy episodic drinking remain high but correlates may be shifting for this cohort of college students. Opportunities to address heavy episodic drinking concurrently with cigarette smoking and marijuana use should be explored.Qualitative research methods are needed to gain insight into reasons for heavy episodic drinking; information that could inform the creation of more effective programming. © 2014 Copyright © SHAPE America.
Keywords: dept.hhs

Women's perceived benefits of exercise during and after breast cancer treatment. - Bulmer, Sandra Minor; Howell, Jeremy; Ackerman, Louise; Fedric, Regan (Women & Health, 2012)
Empirical data support the benefits of physical activity for women who have been diagnosed with breast cancer. However, the experience of exercising during or after breast cancer treatment has not been fully documented. The purpose of the researchers in this study was to provide an in-depth description of women's experiences with exercising during or after their breast cancer treatments, specifically, their perceptions of the benefits they experienced as a result of participation in an individualized exercise program that included cardiovascular and resistance activities. Forty-five women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer within the previous two years were recruited from two oncology practices after electing to enroll in an exercise program. Data were collected between September 2006 and August 2007 through in-depth interviews at various stages in the exercise program and analyzed simultaneously using thematic analysis methods. Whether in treatment or post-treatment, women attributed psychological, physical, and social benefits to their participation in the exercise program. Participants credited the program with helping them to feel better, regain control over their bodies and their lives, manage their emotions, and prepare them to live healthfully going forward. These results provide insight into the specific ways women experience exercise during and after their breast cancer treatments.
Keywords: *Adaptation, Psychological; *Breast Neoplasms/px [Psychology]; *Exercise Therapy/px [Psychology]; *Resistance Training; Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Breast Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms/di [Diagnosis]; Breast Neoplasms/rh [Rehabilitation]; Breast Neoplasms/th [Therapy]; Exercise Therapy; Female; Health Care Surveys; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Middle Aged; Perception; Physical Fitness; Qualitative Research; Questionnaires; Resistance Training; San Francisco; Social Support; Stress, Psychological; Stress, Psychological/px [Psychology]; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States; adaptive behavior; adult; article; breast cancer; breast tumor; dept.hhs; exercise; female; fitness; health care delivery; health care survey; human; interview; kinesiotherapy; mental stress; middle aged; perception; psychological aspect; psychosocial; qualitative research; questionnaire; resistance training; social support; women's health

Young women's experiences living with polycystic ovary syndrome - Weiss, Theresa R.; Bulmer, Sandra Minor (JOGNN - Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 2011)
Objective: To explore the psychosocial effects of living with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) through the experiences of young women diagnosed with this endocrine disorder. Design: A qualitative, phenomenological methodology was used. Data were obtained through personal, semistructured interviews. Setting: College campuses in New England. Participants: A purposive sample of 12 young women with PCOS age 18 to 23 years. Results: The following themes emerged from analysis of participants' responses: concerns for older self, feeling physically inferior, coping with symptoms, patient-provider relationship, seeking useable information and support, and coming to terms with a chronic condition. Conclusions: Participants in this study faced numerous physical, social, and emotional challenges on a daily basis. As these young women gathered information relevant to their needs, sought and received social support, and maintained their daily routines to improve their health and appearance, they came to terms with this chronic condition. Based on participants' relayed experiences, it became evident that a need exists for health care practitioners to include psychosocial support in a comprehensive holistic plan for the treatment of PCOS in adolescents and young women in their early twenties. JOGNN, 40, 709-718; 2011. DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2011.01299.x
Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological; Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adolescents; Age Factors; Attitude to Health; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Interviews as Topic; Lived experience; New England; PCOS; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Polycystic ovary syndrome; Psychosocial; Qualitative; Quality of Life; Quality of life; Risk Assessment; Self Concept; Severity of Illness Index; Social Support; United States; Urban Population; Young Adult; Young women; adaptation; adaptive behavior; adolescent; adult; age; article; attitude to health; comparative study; cross-sectional study; dept.hhs; female; hospitalization; human; human relation; interview; ovary polycystic disease; psychological aspect; quality of life; risk assessment; self concept; social support; urban population

The impact of caloric information on college student's fast food purchasing intentions - Zigmont, Victoria A; Bulmer, Sandra Minor (American journal of health education, 2015)
Background: Fast food establishments are available on many college campuses and, as a result, many students consume foods that are high in calories and contribute to unhealthy weight gain. Purpose: This study measured college students' knowledge of the calorie content for fast food items and whether the provision of calorie information for those foods influenced their future purchasing intentions. Method: Randomly selected undergraduate college students (N = 201) completed an online survey that measured baseline knowledge of calorie content for a fast food item and intention to purchase that item in the future. After provision of accurate calorie information, students were posttested for intention to purchase that item in the future. Results: The majority of students underestimated calorie content for fast food items. After receiving accurate calorie information, those who initially underestimated calorie content were significantly more likely to change their intention to purchase that food item in the future. Discussion: Many college students are interested in avoiding high-calorie fast food items but are uninformed about calorie content. Translation to Health Education Practice: Colleges should provide calorie information for fast food items at the point of purchase so that students can make informed decisions that will promote their health. © 2015, Copyright © SHAPE America.
Keywords: dept.hhs; dept.pch

Using CBPR methods in college health research exploring excessive alcohol consumption - Bulmer, Sandra Minor; Barton, Barbara A; Liefeld, Julie; Montauti, Sara; Santos, Stephanie; Richard, Melissa; Hnath, Laura; Pelletier, Kara; Lalanne, Jude (Journal of Adolescent Research, 2016)
Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a collaborative methodology that uniquely involves stakeholders in all stages of the research process. CBPR has been widely utilized in the field of public health, but not widely employed with college populations. This study utilized CBPR methods within a college community to gain insight into excessive alcohol consumption. Six student researchers planned and carried out a rigorous qualitative study at a public university in the Northeast region of the United States. A total of 48 undergraduate participants were recruited for focus groups that were facilitated by two student researchers, and transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis methods. Students' reasons for drinking alcohol were focused within the themes of inclusion, habitual default, and the student development process. Social media, strict policy/enforcement, and student's desire to avoid responsibility led to increased risk and consequences related to drinking. Students recommended late night transportation and a Good Samaritan policy as strategies to improve student safety. This study led to student advocacy and policy change directed at improving student's health and safety and demonstrated that CBPR methods show promise for engaging students and producing meaningful data.
Keywords: college issues; dept.hhs; dept.mft; emerging adulthood; health; qualitative methods; substance use

The Andersen–Newman Behavioral Model of Health Service Use as a conceptual basis for understanding patient behavior within the patient–physician dyad: The influence of trust on adherence to statins in older people living with HIV and cardiovascular disease - Petrovic, Kimberly; Blank, Thomas O (Cogent psychology, 2015)
The observation that “(d)rugs don’t work in patients who don’t take them” seems obvious; however, for older people living with HIV and cardiovascular disease (CVD), the potential for taking large numbers of medications on a regular basis may present as an overwhelming task, particularly as HIV and CVD progress and worsen over time. The extent to which older people living with HIV and CVD follow medication schedules for the treatment of these chronic health conditions is not understood well, and myriad questions exist with regard to medication adherence and older people living with HIV and CVD. For instance, do older people living with HIV and CVD take all medications as prescribed? Does this group prioritize which medications to take, perhaps demonstrating a preference for taking antiretroviral medications for the treatment of HIV as opposed to statins for the treatment of CVD? In the process of answering these and other questions, recognizing the individual and his or her attitudes and behaviors within the context of the dyadic relationship shared between patient and physician is paramount. Developing a more thorough understanding of this dyadic relationship allows for a better grasp of the context within which medication adherence occurs for older people living with HIV and CVD. That said, because of the ability to lend itself to an understanding of human behavior, human development, and psychology, the Andersen and Newman Behavioral Model of Health Service Use provides a worthwhile conceptual basis for beginning to answer these questions. © 2015 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
Keywords: CVD; HIV and AIDS; adherence; dept.fye; dyadic relationship; older adults; trust

Exceeding expectations: economic forecasts and underreaction to macroeconomic announcements - Birz, Gene; Dutta, Sandip (SSRN Electronic Journal, 2015)
The chapter traces the development of Orthodoxy by focusing on the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Russian Orthodox Church in the early modern period. It is based on the premise that in both cases Orthodoxy faced three main challenges: imperial/political, intellectual, and financial. In both the Ottoman and the Russian empires, the Orthodox Church played important roles in the political, administrative, cultural, economic, ideological, and social lives of the Orthodox believers. Orthodoxy usually provided legitimizing ideological support to state authority, was forced to reckon with Western cultural and theological trends, and also proactively defended its economic interests. For most of the period, the Ecumenical Patriarchate and the Russian Orthodox Church maintained constant contacts, even in the face of mutual suspicions of each other’s motives. The chapter argues that early modern Orthodoxy proved adaptive, developed over time, and withstood the challenges it faced, ultimately keeping its symbolic capital largely intact.
Keywords: dept.fin

Are we overestimating REIT idiosyncratic risk? Analysis of pricing effects and persistence - Abugri, Benjamin A.; Dutta, Sandip (International Review of Economics & Finance, 2014)
This study uses a multifactor REIT-specific model to estimate and compare REIT idiosyncratic volatility vis-A-vis the same from the Fama-French three-factor model. Estimates of conditional idiosyncratic volatility and conditional betas obtained from a multifactor REIT-returns model and a bivariate EGARCH model respectively are found to be positively and significantly related with REIT returns. Consistent with Merton's (1987) predictions, we observe that larger REITs post higher average returns when idiosyncratic risk is introduced in cross-sectional regressions. Persistence of past market-risk does not appear to be short-lived and seems to have a lasting impact on future idiosyncratic volatility. We also observe mild evidence of persistence of past idiosyncratic risk, albeit short-lived, thereby suggesting that past idiosyncratic risk has a short-term impact on future idiosyncratic risk. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Keywords: Conditional betas; Idiosyncratic risk; REITs; dept.fin

Emerging market hedge funds: are they managed like hedge funds? - Abugri, Benjamin A; Dutta, Sandip (Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 2013)
In this study, we investigate whether the performance of emerging market hedge funds (EMHFs) follow a pattern similar to that reported for advanced market hedge funds. In contrast to the pre-2007 period, our results for the post-2006 period showthat EMHFs exhibit performance patterns similar to those reported for hedge funds that focus on the developed markets. Unlike in the pre-2007 period, EMHFs in general do not exhibit significant exposure to specific asset classes in the post-2006 period. On a risk-adjusted basis, we find that EMHFs do not consistently outperform the benchmarks. The reported performance patterns may provide useful insights to both academics and portfolio managers.
Keywords: dept.fin; ⛔ No DOI found

Daytime vs. overnight trading in equity index futures markets - Dutta, Sandip; Sharma, Subhash C (Accounting and Finance Research, 2012)
Keywords: dept.fin; peer-reviewed

Testing trade-off and pecking order models of capital structure: does legal system matter? - Cotei, Carmen; Farhat, Joseph B; Abugri, Benjamin A (Managerial Finance, 2011)
Purpose – This paper aims to examine the link between financing patterns, information asymmetry and legal traditions in 37 countries during the 1990-2004 period. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis is based on three theories: the trade-off theory, pecking order hypothesis and market timing hypothesis. The authors test the predictions of these theories/hypotheses using regression analysis. The econometric method used is panel data with firm and country fixed effects. The authors develop a modified pecking order model which controls for short- and long-term debt level changes and simultaneously test the predictions of all theories. Findings – Consistent with studies for US firms, the results show that firms across all countries adjust toward the target leverage, but with significantly different rate. The long-term debt contribution in the rate of adjustment is 64 percent in common law countries and 51 percent in civil law countries. The ability of the model to explain changes in leverage ratios is higher in common law countries. The authors find support for market timing hypothesis but no support for pecking order of financing. These results support their conjecture that stronger investor protection, higher transparency and well-developed financial markets in common law countries reduce the cost of recapitalization. Research limitations/implications – The limitation of this study comes from lack of data availability to measure contract enforcement, transparency, and corporate governance variables. Future research can incorporate these variables to explain the differences in capital structure decisions across countries with different legal systems. Practical implications – The findings show that firms' capital structure decisions are not only a function of their own characteristics but also the result of legal and financial market development in which they operate. Originality/value – This is the first study that sheds light about rate of adjustment to optimal capital structure and pecking order of financing in 37 countries with different legal traditions and financial market developments. The authors are not aware of any other study that uses a modified pecking order model in an international context. © 2011, © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Keywords: Capital; Financial development; International capital structure; Legal systems; Pecking order theory; Trade-off theory; dept.fin; peer-reviewed

The role of magnetic agents in shaping post-disaster land use - Zavar, Elyse (Land Use Policy, 2016)
Three neighborhoods in Lexington, Kentucky, share a common flood history, including property acquisitions, as a means to mitigate against flooding; yet, the interactions of residents with the buyout landscapes vary significantly among the neighborhoods. Although the same institutions and structural controls implemented flood buyout programs in all three neighborhoods, semi-structured interviews illustrate that differing perspectives, personalities, and neighborhood politics shaped unique identities and land uses for the acquired properties in each neighborhood. Varying levels of resident engagement with the buyout landscape resulted in a range of attitudes towards hazard preparation, management, and mitigation, thus leaving some neighborhoods more resilient to future flooding than others. This study explores key residents, termed magnetic agents, who drove neighborhood civic action and land uses on the open space created through floodplain property acquisition. This research indicates magnetic agents can serve as important partners for local governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in building community-based projects aimed at reducing vulnerability to flood events and instituting high utility land uses on floodplain buyout open space.(C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Agency; Floodplain buyout; Kentucky; Land management; Lexington; Resiliency; United States; dept.egm; flooding; floodplain; hazard management; land management; land use planning; neighborhood; open space

Especies de jaltomata schltdl. (solanaceae) con néctar rojo, tres nuevas combinaciones nomenclaturales y un nuevo taxón del noreste de perú - Gonzalez, Segundo Leiva; Mione, Thomas; Yacher, Leon (Arnaldoa, 2016)
Keywords: dept.egm; ⚠️ Invalid DOI

The Modifiable Conceptual Unit Problem demonstrated using pollen and seed dispersal - Miller, Matthew D (Global Ecology and Conservation, 2016)
The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) is a famous issue in spatial analysis that states the output of a spatial analysis is influenced by the spatial extent of the units used in the analysis. This study demonstrates that the MAUP is accompanied with another intractable spatial issue in spatial modeling; the Modifiable Conceptual Unit Problem (MCUP). The MCUP states that the conceptualization of spatial processes impacts the output of spatial analysis and occurs when a model with one spatial dimension is applied to a spatial model with more than one spatial dimension. This study demonstrates the MCUP by developing three conceptual models of dispersal and showing how they produce different results even when given the same initial dispersal curves and areal units. Three conceptual models of dispersal (sum of curve points model, area of distance range model, and the volume of distance range model) are described and applied to a grid landscape with a single point of dispersal and a grid landscape with multiple points of dispersal. A Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to evaluate how the models differ in their distribution of pollen or seeds across the landscapes. The three models of dispersal are each valid conceptualizations of the dispersal process, but when given the same dispersal curve parameters, they produce different distributions of dispersed items across grid landscapes. The sum of curve points model is the least complicated model because it only uses a few points from the defined dispersal curve. The area of distance range model uses the entire dispersal curve, but is based on a single dimension of space and thus conceptually abstracted from the grid landscape. The volume of distance range model uses the two spatial dimensions present in the grid landscape and thus is the most conceptually sound model of the three. The underlying conceptualization of the dispersal process can impact the results of dispersal models. Applying dispersal curves with one spatial dimension to grids with two spatial dimensions makes inherent assumptions about the conceptualization of dispersal. This study highlights the necessity of researchers to declare their conceptual models of dispersal when applying modeled dispersal curves to grid landscapes. © 2016 The Author.
Keywords: Conceptual; Dispersal; Grid; MAUP; Pollen; Spatial; dept.egm

Land use change on US floodplain buyout sites, 1990-2000 - Zavar, Elyse; Hagelman, III, Ronald R. (Disaster Prevention and Management, 2016)
Purpose - The Federal Emergency Management Agency provides guidelines for the management of open space created through property acquisition (buyouts); however, land use decisions are primarily left to local governments manifesting in a variety of uses. The purpose of this paper is to provide a land use assessment of buyout sites, to describe the changes in those uses that have occurred during a ten-year period from 1990 to 2000, and to offer an assessment of management approaches employed across these sites. Design/methodology/approach - Using a mixed-methods approach consisting of a land use classification survey and a semi-structured questionnaire of floodplain managers, this study explores the land use trends at buyout sites, diverse approaches local governments take in managing the open spaces created through floodplain buyout programs, and the successes and challenges communities face in open space management. Findings - Results indicate strong support from floodplain managers for property acquisition and several cases emerged where communities put their newly acquired public land to creative uses. However, the opportunity to leverage these properties for greater public values is largely being missed, primarily because of limited funding. Practical implications - The analysis indicates strong support among floodplain managers for the buyout approach; however, additional resource-sharing and funding opportunities are needed to increase the utility of buyout properties. Originality/value - By evaluating the long-term management strategies floodplain managers utilize on buyout sites, this study adds to an underrepresented area of scholarship and is of value to practitioners, government officials, and academics.
Keywords: Buyout; Disaster mitigation; Floodplain management; Land use; dept.egm

Jaltomata anteropilosa (Solanaceae) una nueva especie del Norte de Perú - González, Segundo Leiva; Mione, Thomas; Yacher, Leon (Arnaldoa, 2015)
Keywords: dept.egm; ⛔ No DOI found

Jaltomata athahuallpae (solanaceae), una nueva especie del norte del perú - González, Segundo Leiva; Mione, Thomas; Yacher, Leon (Arnaldoa, 2015)
Keywords: dept.egm; ⚠️ Invalid DOI

Jaltomata glomeruliflora (Solanaceae) una nueva especie del Norte de Perú - González, Segundo Leiva; Mione, Thomas; Yacher, Leon (Arnaldoa, 2015)
Keywords: dept.egm; ⚠️ Invalid DOI

Rainwater Harvesting as an Effective Climate Change Adaptation Strategy in Rural and Urban Settings - Ferrand, Ezgi Akpinar (Managing Water Resources under Climate Uncertainty: Examples from Asia, Europe, Latin America, and Australia, 2015)
Human societies are known for their resilience and ability to adapt to short- and long-term environmental change. Despite their pragmatism and adaptability, humans could be forced to move and/or seek better conditions for survival, especially when climate change and water availability are at issue. This chapter provides case studies on easy-to-adopt rainwater harvesting applications as effective climate change adaptation strategies in rural and urban settings to increase human resiliency.
Keywords: Climate Change Adaptation; Climate change adaptation; Rainwater Harvesting; Rainwater harvesting; Urban and Rural Settings; Urban and rural settings; dept.egm

Jaltomata angasmarcae y jaltomata pauciseminata (solanaceae), dos nuevas especies del norte del perú - Gonzalez, Segundo Leiva; Mione, Thomas; Yacher, Leon (Arnaldoa, 2015)
Keywords: dept.egm; ⚠️ Invalid DOI

Two new Peruvian species of Jaltomata (Solanaceae, Solaneae) with red floral nectar - Mione, Thomas; González, Segundo Leiva; Yacher, Leon (Brittonia, 2014)
Two new Jaltomata species (Solanaceae) of Peru that produce red floral nectar are described. Jaltomata neei of Department Cajamarca has 1–4 flowers per inflorescence, the campanulate corolla is green and then changes to blue, corolla lobes (5) and lobules (5) are equally prominent, a corona is lacking, five radial staminal-corolla thickenings create nectar troughs between, and the stigma is capitate. Jaltomata quipuscoae of Department Arequipa has solitary flowers, a purple, broadly crateriform, 5-lobed corolla, a corona on which nectar pools, a punctiform stigma, lacks corolla thickenings, and the mature fruit is whitish. Photographs, illustrations and tables are included that allow comparison with closely related species. © 2014, The New York Botanical Garden.
Keywords: Arequipa; Cajamarca; Jaltomata neei; Jaltomata quipuscoae; Peru; corolla color change; corona; dept.egm; lomas; protogyny; red nectar

Potential of rainwater harvesting in a thirsty world: A survey of ancient and traditional rainwater harvesting applications - Ferrand, Ezgi Akpinar; Cecunjanin, Fatima (Geography Compass, 2014)
Keywords: dept.egm; peer-reviewed

Metals, Organic Compounds, and Nutrients in Long Island Sound: Sources, Magnitudes, Trends, and Impacts - Varekamp, Johan C.; McElroy, Anne E.; Mullaney, John R.; Breslin, Vincent T. (Long Island Sound: Prospects for the Urban Sea, 2014)
Long Island Sound (LIS) is a relatively shallow estuary with a mean depth of 20 m (maximum depth 49 m) and a unique hydrology and history of pollutant loading. These factors have contributed to a wide variety of contamination problems in its muddy sediments, aquatic life, and water column. The LIS sediments are contaminated with toxic compounds and elements related to past and present wastewater discharges and runoff. These include nonpoint and stormwater runoff and groundwater discharges, whose character has changed over the years along with the evolution of its watershed and industrial history. Major impacts have resulted from the copious amounts of nutrients discharged into LIS through atmospheric deposition, domestic and industrial waste water flows, fertilizer releases, and urban runoff. All these sources and their effects are in essence the result of human presence and activities in the watershed, and the severity of pollutant loading and their impacts generally scales with total population in the watersheds surrounding LIS. Environmental legislation passed since the mid-to-late 1900s (e.g., Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act) has had a beneficial effect, however, and contaminant loadings for many toxic organic and inorganic chemicals and nutrients have diminished over the last few decades (O’Shea and Brosnan 2000; Trench et al. 2012; O’Connor and Lauenstein 2006; USEPA 2007). Major strides have been made in reducing the inflow of nutrients into LIS, but cultural eutrophication is still an ongoing problem and nutrient control efforts will need to continue. Nonetheless, LIS is still a heavily human impacted estuary (an “Urban Estuary,” as described for San Francisco Bay by Conomos 1979), and severe changes in water quality and sediment toxicity as well as ecosystem shifts have occurred since the European colonization in the early 1600s (Koppelman et al., 1976). The Sound has seen the most severe environmental changes over the last 400 years during its 10,000 year history (Lewis, this volume), suggesting that human impacts have overwhelmed the natural forces at play.
Keywords: Boston Harbor; Coastal Embayment; Marine Organic Matter; Striped Bass; White Perch; dept.egm

Forest cover change in the northeastern U.S.: A spatial assessment in the context of an environmental kuznets curve - Bentley, George C; Cromley, Robert G; Hanink, Dean M; Heidkamp, C Patrick (International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research, 2013)
An analysis of the association of forest cover, treated as an environmental good, and income at the county scale in the Northeastern United States was conducted for 2006. Global analysis using a spatial error regression model indicates an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) type of relationship, with total forest cover, percent forest cover, and forest cover per capita is better associated with per capita income and is better specified as a polynomial rather than in linear terms. Local analysis, using geographically weighted regression, indicates that sub-regional effects are pronounced, and that conformity to an EKC varies spatially and by forest cover measure. The findings should be interpreted strictly within their context of a cross-sectional analysis and within certain statistical limitations, primarily engendered by multicollinearity of the explanatory variables in the regression models. Copyright © 2013, IGI Global.
Keywords: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Forest Cover; Geographically Weighted Regression; Northeastern United States; Spatial Error Regression Model; dept.egm

Tax lien sales as local neoliberal governance strategy: The case of Waterbury, Connecticut - Botein, Hilary; Heidkamp, C Patrick (Local Economy, 2013)
This article examines bulk sales of municipal property tax liens in the formerly industrial city of Waterbury, Connecticut, USA, in the 1990s, in order to explore the limits and contradictions of neoliberal local governance strategies. In the USA, cities and states create property tax liens by reducing delinquent real estate taxes to a judgment that creates a legal claim against the property at issue. We argue that Waterbury's efforts to resolve its fiscal stress by enhancing short-term revenues ultimately further constrained its revenue base, the tax lien sales reflected a spatial selectivity that created barriers to revitalization when neither the city nor tax lien purchasers had incentives to foreclose on distressed properties in struggling neighborhoods, and the tax lien sales' failure to resolve the city's budget crisis set in motion new efforts at tax base enhancement through real estate-led development in the central business district that also were unsuccessful. © The Author(s) 2013 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.
Keywords: dept.egm; housing; local government; neighbourhood decline; neoliberalism; real estate taxes; tax liens; urban governance

Use of aguadas as water management sources in two southern maya lowland sites - Ferrand, Ezgi Akpinar; Dunning, Nicholas P; Lentz, David L; Jones, John G (Ancient Mesoamerica, 2012)
Aguadas, either natural or human-made ponds, were significant sources of water for the ancient Maya. Aguadas are common features in the Maya Lowlands and make valuable locations for collecting archaeological and paleoenvironmental data. This article discusses research conducted at four aguadas around two adjacent Maya sites, San Bartolo and Xultun in Peten, Guatemala. Both San Bartolo and Xultun were established during the Preclassic period. However, the fates of the two sites differed, as Xultun continued to prosper while the city of San Bartolo was abandoned near the close of the Late Preclassic period. We argue that aguadas provide important clues for understanding the fate of these two ancient communities and many others in the Maya Lowlands. Copyright © 2012 Cambridge University Press.
Keywords: Guatemala [Central America]; Maya Lowlands; Peten; San Bartolo; archaeological evidence; dept.egm; paleoenvironment; planning history; urban planning; water management; water resource; water use

Where to begin? Getting started teaching GIS&T - West, Eric (Teaching Geographic Information Science and Technology in Higher Education, 2012)
Keywords: Coordinating lectures; Exercise style; Faculty teaching GIS&T; Global positioning system; Global positioning systems (GPS); Goals, for courses; Inquiry instruction; Learning objective, in BoK; Learning objectives; Teaching; Teaching GIS&T; dept.egm

Book Review: The nature of new york: an environmental history of the empire state - Harrison, Blake (Environmental History, 2011)
Keywords: book.review; dept.egm

Natural protest: essays on the history of american environmentalism - Harrison, Blake (Environmental History, 2011)
Keywords: book.review; dept.egm

‘Food desertification’: The loss of a major supermarket in New Haven, Connecticut - Russell, Scott E; Heidkamp, C Patrick (Applied Geography, 2011)
In March of 2010, the only full-service supermarket centrally located in New Haven, Connecticut closed, stranding many of the city's residents in a food desert. A food desert is an urban or rural area with significantly limited access to retail sources of healthy and affordable food, due to a combination of socioeconomic disadvantages and physical distance. This article considers the pivotal and causative role of the business model of supermarkets in the creation of new or exacerbation of current urban food deserts, as well as in the impact the loss of one market has on the resilience of the community's food system. Using the events of New Haven as a case study, the form and severity of the food desert in New Haven is analyzed by mapping 1/4 mile, 1/2 mile, and 1 mile road network service areas of the major supermarkets and grocery stores of the area. These are compared against Census block group data of the New Haven population's median household income, poverty level, and access to a personal vehicle. The results show certain parts of the city with low income, high poverty, and low vehicle access to exist in hardship outside the service areas of nearby stores. GIS methodology aids in illustrating the conclusion that the loss of just one supermarket has had significantly detrimental effects on the geographical food access of the city's residents. The ongoing lack of a full-service supermarket in the city not only raises concerns about the value of a new supermarket coming in, but also creates possibilities for seeking alternative food system solutions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Connecticut; Food deserts; Food security; GIS; Geographic information systems (GIS); New Haven; Supermarkets; United States; Urban food systems; consumption behavior; dept.egm; food consumption; mapping method; retailing; spatial analysis

Astana, Kazakhstan: Megadream, Megacity, Megadestiny? - Yacher, Leon (Engineering Earth: The Impacts of Megaengineering Projects, 2011)
Astana, Kazakhstan’s new capital city is being built to fit the future vision of the country’s leaders. Unique architectural styles, combined with creative morphological patterns give the city a distinctive look. It is being constructed to impress. It also represents a break from the past. As such, Astana embodies the meaning of a ‘Forward city.’ Forward cities are created for a variety of reasons; political, geopolitical, religious, economic or a combination of these. By relocating a capital city elsewhere, a country seeks to construct a fresh urban site that reflects a change from the traditional center of governmental activities to a new location that reveals a new direction for the country and its people. This chapter provides a brief background of the political context and conditions existing in the region, followed by an overview of the city’s geographic base, and scrutinize the unique methods of finance used to construct Astana. Also, the planning and design of the city will be examined, paying special attention to the ways in which architecture has been utilized to construct a futuristic vision of a public project for domestic and international consumption.
Keywords: Capital City; Kyrgyz Republic; Presidential Decree; Soviet Republic; Special Economic Zone; dept.egm

Mobility, farmworkers, and Connecticut's tobacco valley, 1900–1950 - Harrison, Blake (Journal of Historical Geography, 2010)
By the early decades of the twentieth century, southern New England's Connecticut Valley had become a center of shade tobacco production and a destination for seasonal farmworkers drawn from sources inside and outside of New England. This paper explores the history of three groups of seasonal workers-children from area cities and towns; white southern high school students: and young African American men from southern high schools and black colleges-with an eye to assessing the impact of their presence on the form and meaning of the Connecticut Valley. My first goal is to add depth to the historiography of twentieth-century New England farming by drawing attention to the largely overlooked story of non-rural and extra-regional seasonal farmworkers. My second goal is to frame the case of Connecticut tobacco labor according to the study of mobility and its relationship to landscape. The mobility of workers into and within the region, I suggest, made possible the success of the shade tobacco economy while at the same time posing challenges to popularized cultural conventions about regional identity. For this reason, I argue, the history of Connecticut's shade tobacco landscape was informed by the efforts of shade tobacco growers to direct and control a confluence of environmental conditions, group and place-based identities, and the mechanics and meanings of mobility among seasonal workers. By hiring non-local, seasonal workers and by attempting to control their mobility, large-scale, corporate growers and their spokespeople ultimately sought to maintain control over the development and identity of the valley's rural landscape. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Agriculture; Connecticut; Connecticut Valley; Labor; Mobility; New England; Nicotiana tabacum; Tobacco; United States; agricultural production; dept.egm; environmental conditions; mobility; rural landscape; tobacco; twentieth century

Jaltomata parviflora (Solanaceae) una nueva especie del Norte del Perú - González, Segundo Leiva; Mione, Thomas; Yacher, Leon (Arnaldoa, 2010)
Keywords: dept.egm; ⛔ No DOI found

Book Review: A review of “Cultural landscapes” - Yacher, Leon (The Professional Geographer, 2010)
Keywords: book.review; dept.egm

Photojournal: distant beats: tradition and change in senegal - Yacher, Leon (Focus on Geography, 2010)
Keywords: Senegal; cultural change; cultural geography; cultural influence; cultural landscape; cultural tradition; dept.egm; music

‘The Author Makes the Reader Acquainted with His Abode’: Hawthorne as Transatlantic Tour Guide in The Marble Faun and ‘The Old Manse’ - Baraw, Charles (Transatlantic Literature and Author Love in the Nineteenth Century, 2016)
Here the volume continues its reflections on Hawthorne’s career but turns to his place in the literature of ‘homes and haunts’, taking up the question of how literary geography and its localization of authors helped construct an authorial presence for Americans and a tangible transatlantic literary canon. (It turns out that having a home on the literary itinerary was crucial to nineteenth-century reception.) Baraw demonstrates that the poetics of literary tourism provided Hawthorne with both a means of self-canonization as a tourist attraction and a tool for cultivating the ideal ‘English’ reader for his books. This essay begins a strand of chapters related to literary tourism and the construction of international heritage landscapes.
Keywords: American Author; Authorial Persona; Direct Address; Tour Guide; Tourist Attraction; dept.eng

Daughter of eve, "Femme fatale", and persecuted artist: the mythic transgressive woman in oscar wilde's and richard strauss's "Salome" - Blackmer, Corinne E (Amaltea: Revista de Mitocrítica, 2016)
Keywords: dept.eng

Pain as semiosomatic force: The disarticulation and rearticulation of subjectivity - Larocco, Steve (Subjectivity, 2016)
Scarry's (The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World, Oxford, New York, 1985) broke crucial ground in examining the antagonisms between pain, embodiment and language, and the isolating effects of pain as experience. This paper submits Scarry's claim that extreme pain destroys language, evades mediation, and isolates the subject to critical scrutiny, arguing instead that pain is a semiosomatic force, a form of feeling generated by imperative information about embodiment (real or imaginary) that works to disarticulate and move the subject and the social environment. Pain is not predominantly antagonistic to language; rather, pain insists on signifying, with language being only one of its performative media. What pain resists is representation, not the informational force exerted through language and other semiotic forms. Rather than unmaking language, pain disarticulates and rearticulates subjectivity, refashioning interrelations between the body, subjectivity, others, and culture in ongoing processes of largely aversive impingement, embroiling subjectivity with the imperative directives of embodied vulnerability. © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Ltd.
Keywords: dept.eng; embodiment; pain; performativity; semiotics; subjectivity

The death of blessed memory: A crisis in secular israeli identity in yaakov shabtai's "Departure" - Blackmer, Corinne E. (Cultural and Religious Studies, 2015)
Yaakov Shabtai’s “Departure” seems, at first glance, only to chronicle the illness and death of an unnamed grandmother living in Tel Aviv, as witnessed through the eyes of her grandson. The grandmother, an observant Jewish woman with socialist politics, liberal social views, and many friends, differs strikingly from her Israeli family. They are wholly secular Jews who disavow belief in religion. They observe yahrzeits, Jewish religious festivals, and holy days only as long as grandmother lives. They discontinue all Jewish observance the moment the grandmother dies, thus allegorizing a complete intergenerational break in Jewish identity. The story ends with the melancholic narrator realizing that he has no memory of the date of his grandmother’s death. This article contends that this seemingly simple narrative has profound historical and referential meanings. The story functions as an allegorical critique of escalating social and religious divisions in Israel, as well as the implications of the loss of Jewish religion on Jewish identity. “Departure” reveals that the process of dis-identification and post-Zionism begins with the family: symbolically with the figure of the grandmother, whose peaceful, sociable identity stands in peril of becoming removed from the possibilities of her mode of Jewish being influencing future generations.
Keywords: dept.eng

Invisible debility: attitudes toward the underrepresented in library workplaces - Brown, Mary E (Public Library Quarterly, 2015)
The American Library Association is committed to recruiting persons of color and those with disabilities to the profession, yet these groups are underrepresented among librarians. While intentional discrimination was the impetus for the Civil Rights Act of 1964, empirical studies in the workplace have exposed continued discrimination through unconscious bias. Extending such research to the library profession raises the question: How do librarians perceive the underrepresented as potential fellow library staff? In my recently conducted study of public library staff and future librarians, participants agreed that library staff should represent the diversity of the communities served; there was little support, however, for actively attempting to advance proportional representation through education or hiring. © , Published with license by Taylor & Francis.
Keywords: dept.eng; employment discrimination; hiring bias; peer-reviewed; underrepresentation of minorities in library employment

Is Personality a System? Stability, Process and Plasticity. - Larocco, Steven (Integrative psychological & behavioral science, 2015)
The nomothetic thrust of personality research has been the subject of some significant recent criticism. One major problem is the failure in much personality research to sufficiently scrutinize its methods and its background beliefs. This produces conceptual schematizations of personality that do not sufficiently take into account the disunity and plasticity that affects what is construed as personality; it also underplays the necessity of more fully theorizing the network of infrapsychic and transpersonal systems, processes, structures, templates, interfaces, flows of stimuli, qualities of embodiment and contingencies that dynamically manifest as personality. It is through unfolding the complexity inherent in this network that personality theorization can move forward in new ways. This paper provides a provisional, beginning taxonomy of this network in order to start a research dialogue about personality that doesn't begin with the operative background beliefs of nomothetic methodology, that doesn't tacitly or overtly construe the individual to be a self-regulating, homeostatic system, and that resists presupposing personality as a cohesive, stable quality of personhood.
Keywords: *Personality; *Psychological Theory; Contingency; Embodiment; Five-factor model; Humans; Personality; Personality/cl [Classification]; Plasticity; Plasticizer; Psychological Theory; Stabilizer; classification; dept.eng; human; personality; psychological theory

Ideology, affect, semiotics: towards a non-personal theory of personality. - Larocco, Steve (Integrative psychological & behavioral science, 2014)
Personality theories, as Giordano (2014) argues, often treat Western versions of the self as having universal import. Eastern notions of self, however, offer a dramatically different basis for thinking about what personality might be. This paper, nonetheless, seeks to offer a general framework for theorizing about the epiphenomenon of personality in any culture, asserting that it is an effect of specific histories of ideological practices, semiotic networks and systems, and affect, which engage each other in dialogic and dialectical ways. The interactions of these factors, guided by ideology, regularize behavior and affective dynamics, largely in non-personal ways. Subjects are produced and reproduced from these complex interactions, which are situationally specific and simultaneously transpersonal. The subjects formed through these interactions are the basis for the folk psychology of personality, which treats the transient, varying effects of these interactions as more or less reified qualities that form a basis for the construction of selfhood, however conceived.
Keywords: *Affect; *Culture; *Personality; *Psychological Theory; Affect; Culture; Five-Factor Model; Humans; Ideology; Personality; Psychological Theory; Semiotics; affect; cultural anthropology; dept.eng; human; personality; psychological theory

Review essay on selected contemporary sierra leonean fiction - Christensen, Matthew J; Steemers, Vivan; Ogbaa, Kalu; Androne, Mary Jane; Sackeyfio, Rose; Eastley, Aaron; Schroeder, Bill (Journal of the African Literature Association, 2013)
Keywords: dept.eng

Gerardo rodriguez-salas and isabel maria Andrés-Cuevas, the aesthetic construction of the female grotesque in katherine mansfield and virginia woolf: A study of the interplay of life and literature (lampeter, wales: the edwin mellen press, 2011), 134 pp., £39.95 (US49.95), ISBN 978 0 7734 1565 2 - Neverow, Vara (Katherine Mansfield Studies, 2012)
Keywords: dept.eng

Experiencing a social network in an organizational context the facebook internship - Mceachern, Robert W (Business Communication Quarterly, 2011)
As Facebook becomes increasingly more popular as a communication tool for businesses and organizations, it is important that our students learn to transfer personal Facebook skills to professional settings. This article focuses on the lessons learned by two students who used Facebook as part of a social media internship, as well as what the author learned about its use through research and teaching a course on social media and professional writing. © 2011 Association for Business Communication.
Keywords: Facebook; dept.eng; internships; social media

Guenevere: the abbess of amesbury and the mark of reparation - Holbrook, Sue Ellen (Arthuriana, 2010)
Malory elevates Guenevere to abbess ofAmesbury where she heals her soul through a penitential process clarified by Cassian's teachings on attitude and supplication and by the cloister context and devotional formulas of her speech on salvation. (SEH).
Keywords: dept.eng

Exploring the impacts of school reforms on underrepresented urban students’ college persistence - Yavuz, Olcay (Educational Research and Evaluation, 2016)
This longitudinal quantitative study investigates how participation in the Comprehensive College Readiness Access and Success Program (CCRASP) affects underrepresented urban students’ college persistence. Results revealed that CCRASP participation was associated with higher percentages of students enrolling in both 2- and 4-year colleges as sophomore students. As school leaders and policy makers seek to make all urban students college and career ready, these findings further solidify current urgencies to re-visit K–12 student academic and counselling services. It also provides school leaders and educators with practical information and reform ideas to improve underprivileged students’ persistence and success. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Keywords: Research-supported school reforms; at-risk students; college persistence; dept.edl; programme evaluation

Pre-service teachers identify connections between teaching-learning and literacy strategies - Liu, Kimy; Robinson, Quintin; Braun-Monegan, Jenelle (Journal of education and training studies, 2016)
Keywords: dept.edl

Curriculum mapping in higher education: a case study and proposed content scope and sequence mapping tool - Arafeh, Sousan (Journal of Further and Higher Education, 2016)
Best practice in curriculum development and implementation requires that discipline-based standards or requirements embody both curricular and programme scopes and sequences. Ensuring these are present and aligned in course/programme content, activities and assessments to support student success requires formalised and systematised review and development processes. These processes are not always in play in higher education, however. Using a descriptive qualitative case study strategy, this article shares how policy outcomes within intermediate and superintendent certification, sixth-year and Ed.D. doctoral courses and programmes at a state university were reviewed, mapped and assessed using an evidence-based curriculum analysis model and tool that mapped standards and outcomes from course syllabus data. Strengths and weaknesses of this approach are discussed and it is suggested that the field might benefit from a curriculum mapping and analysis method that also considers content coverage. A Course-Level Content Scope and Sequence Mapping Tool, developed to map content scope and sequence alongside standards or outcomes mapping, is presented for consideration and testing. The ability to assess and improve curriculum is only as good as the conceptual frameworks, methods and tools available. This critical case study is one effort to advance the field by drawing attention to the importance of curricular content mapping. The study should be of interest to higher education staff, researchers and accreditors concerned with postsecondary programmes and their curricular scope and sequence coherence, quality and improvement. © 2015 UCU.
Keywords: Curriculum; content; content mapping; curricular content; curricular scope and sequence; curriculum mapping; curriculum mapping tool; dept.edl; educational leadership; higher education; policy; programme coherence

Provoking perspectives of creativity and innovation in leadership: innovation, accountability, and the human side of change - Gregory, Jess L (Journal of Leadership Studies, 2016)
Keywords: dept.edl; peer-reviewed

Building Social Capital from the Inside Out: Leveraging Intrapower (Personal Capital) - Haynes, Norris M. (Social Capital and Community Well-Being : The Serve Here Initiative, 2016)
In this writer’s view, the building of social capital starts with the development of personal individual capital. The author posits that an individual may not be optimally effective in building meaningful social relationships and networks, or in influencing results in one’s community that serve the individual and others well, unless the individual has the prerequisite personal attributes and skillsets to do so. Therefore, in this chapter, the author identifies four key personal capital attributes that he sees as foundational to the building of social capital from the inside out. The dynamic synergistic interface among these four core attributes (Control, Empathy, Awareness, and Resolve), is referred to in this chapter as “Intrapower that is seen as a potent facilitative force in the effective building of social capital.
Keywords: Achievement motivation; Civic engagement; Mindfulness; Resilience; Self-awareness; Self-control; Self-regulation; Social & emotional; Youth development; dept.edl

Exploring the use of faded worked examples as a problem solving approach for underprepared students - Hesser, Tiffany L; Gregory, Jess L (Higher Education Studies, 2015)
Keywords: dept.edl

Lecture is not a dirty word, how to use active lecture to increase student engagement - Gregory, Jess L (The International Journal of Higher Education, 2013)
Keywords: dept.edl

The balanced curriculum model: Description and results - Squires, David (SAGE Open, 2013)
The Balanced Curriculum is a web-based tool that school districts use to create, align, assess, and manage their curriculum development and implementation. The courses are divided into time-bound units with significant tasks (or assured activities) that local district teachers develop and promise to teach. The significant tasks are aligned to standards and assessment specifications. District curriculum authors also develop assessments for all to use when implementing the curriculum. Results of more than 15 years of implementation show that all districts that have developed curriculum using this model, and ensured implementation, have had significant improvement on their test scores. Implications for teachers, principals, and central office staff are given at the end of the article. © The Author(s) 2013.
Keywords: Curriculum; Student achievement results; dept.edl

Crisis of credibility - Vigliotti, Darron; Gregory, Jess L (Journal of Leadership Studies, 2013)
Keywords: dept.edl; peer-reviewed

Curriculum alignment research suggests that alignment can improve student achievement. - Squires, David A. (The Clearing House, 2012)
Keywords: dept.edl

Culturally responsive leadership: best practice in integrating immigrant students - Magno, Cathyrn S; Schiff, Margo (Intercultural Education, 2010)
Keywords: dept.edl

Gearing up to GEAR UP: four perspectives on early implementation considerations for GEAR UP - Arafeh, Sousan; Fopiano, Joy; Risisky, Deb; Haynes, Norris M (2012)
Keywords: dept.edl; dept.pch; ⛔ No DOI found

Proceedings of the third annual southern connecticut GeoGebra conference - Nabbout-Cheiban, Marie (2016)
Keywords: dept.edu; ⛔ No DOI found

Exploring how teacher-related factors relate to student achievement in learning advanced algebra in technology-enhanced classrooms. - Hegedus, Stephen; Tapper, John; Dalton, Sara (Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 2016)
In this study, we examine the relationship between contextual variables related to teachers and student performance in Advanced Algebra classrooms in the USA. The data were gathered from a cluster-randomized study on the effects of SimCalc MathWorlds®, a curricular and technological intervention as a replacement for Algebra 2 curriculum, on student learning of Algebra 2 content. Conditional measures (teacher background characteristics) and instructional measures (self-reported instructional preferences, stances, and classroom practices) were subjected to a variety of empirical analyses to discern their relationship to student learning. Researchers examined both the overall effect of teacher contextual variables on student learning and the specific effect of SimCalc on both teacher instructional measures and student performance. There is evidence to support that teachers who use the SimCalc curriculum value classroom communication, deep understanding of math concepts, and support for both routine and non-routine problems. © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014.
Keywords: Algebra; Connectivity; Dynamic representations; Student achievement; Teacher contextual variables; dept.edu

The impact of technology-enhanced curriculum on learning advanced algebra in US high school classrooms - Hegedus, Stephen J.; Dalton, Sara; Tapper, John R. (Educational Technology Research and Development, 2015)
We report on two large studies conducted in advanced algebra classrooms in the US, which evaluated the effect of replacing traditional algebra 2 curriculum with an integrated suite of dynamic interactive software, wireless networks and technology-enhanced curriculum on student learning. The first study was a cluster randomized trial and the second was a quasi-experimental replication study using a subset of the original treatment teachers. Both studies demonstrated significant impact on student learning of core algebra concepts including both procedural and conceptual problems. Various variables were modeled to understand the impact of such an intervention including demographic factors and class level. We found that being in an honors class significantly predicts learning gains but being in a non-honors SimCalc class significantly predicts learning gains versus all other groups. We also found significant effects of treatment on difference scores for problems which demanded simple procedural approaches and those that demanded complex conceptual understanding.
Keywords: Advanced algebra; Classroom connectivity; HLM; Randomized trial; SimCalc; Simulations; dept.edu

Exploring lake erie algae growth in an algebra class using geogebra - Nabbout-Cheiban, Marie (North American GeoGebra Journal, 2015)
Keywords: dept.edu; ⛔ No DOI found

Investigating why teachers reported continued use and sharing of an educational innovation after the research has ended - Hegedus, Stephen J.; Dalton, Sara; Roschelle, Jeremy; Penuel, William; Dickey-Kurdziolek, Margaret; Tatar, Deborah (Mathematical Thinking and Learning, 2014)
We investigated prospects for reported sustainable adoption and sharing of an educational innovation through survey research including online questionnaires and telephone interviews. This investigation is part of the Scaling-Up SimCalc experimental program, which combines dynamic representational algebra software (SimCalc MathWorlds) with integrated curriculum and small professional development workshops focused on how to use the software and how to integrate this intervention into the larger year-long curriculum. Teachers who (1) perceived the usefulness of the SimCalc professional development as being consistent with personal aims and (2) perceived specific affordances of the software/curriculum to be valuable were more likely to report continued use of the innovation after the research had ended and that they had shared it with colleagues over time.
Keywords: dept.edu

SimCalc: democratizing access to advanced mathematics - Tatar, Deborah; Roschelle, Jeremy; Hegedus, Stephen (International Journal of Designs for Learning, 2014)
Keywords: dept.edu

MADness in the method: On the volatility and irregularity of technology diffusion - Bodo, Peter (Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2016)
The paper investigates how some drivers of technology diffusion shape the volatility and irregularity of the diffusion process. It presents an agent-based simulation model of technology diffusion that includes variables to control technology generations, social pressures, market size, and network randomness. Several variable combinations are defined, technology diffusions are simulated, and the volatility and irregularity of the process are measured. The paper explores scenarios with unusually high volatility and/or irregularity in more detail. It shows that technology generations mostly affect volatility, social pressures impact irregularity, while network randomness and market size amplify the other two factors' effects. Also, the paper argues that market structure changes generated by the factor combinations in question indirectly affect diffusion volatility and irregularity and these indirect effects may explain very high levels of, and unexpected changes in the volatility and irregularity of the technology diffusion process. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc All.rights reserved.
Keywords: Agent-based model; Agent-based models; Agent-based simulation models; Autonomous agents; Brand and product category competition; Commerce; Computational methods; Control technologies; Diffusion; Diffusion process; Economic and social effects; Market structures; Network randomness; Product categories; Random processes; Several variables; Technology diffusion; Technology generations; competition (economics); dept.eco; network analysis; numerical model; technology diffusion

Ownership structure, non-interest income and bank risk in ghana - Abugri, Benjamin A; Osah, Theophilus Teye; Andoh, Samuel (Banking and Finance Review, 2016)
This study investigates the relationship between bank ownership structure, non-interest income and risk in an emerging market setting. Our analysis shows that the relationship between product diversification and bank risk is significantly influenced by asset size and ownership structure. In contrast to large banks, small banks are exposed to higher risk when the income share of non-traditional banking activities rise. We also find strong evidence of differences in risk exposure of banks to non-interest income after controlling for ownership structure. Private domestic and private foreign banks experience lower risk with higher non-interest income while the converse is true for public domestic banks. Furthermore, we show that the speed with which risk adjust to non-income activities is faster for domestic private banks than for foreign banks. These results could provide useful information to investors and regulators of banking institutions as they seek to reconcile the important issues of bank ownership structure, income diversification and size on the one hand with the level of risk exposure on the other hand. © 2016, Banking and Finance Review.
Keywords: Bank risk; Ghana; Non-interest income; Ownership structure; dept.eco; dept.fin; ⛔ No DOI found

Sustainable growth with irreversible stock effects of renewable resources - Lopez, Ramon; Yoon, Sang Won (Economics Letters, 2016)
This paper examines sustainability conditions when the stock effects of renewable resources prevail, and characterizes the maximal critical level of initial pollution emissions such that Pigovian tax alone ensures sustainable growth. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Optimal pollution tax; Renewable resources; Stock effects; Sustainable growth; dept.eco

Is current trade pattern between the developed and developing countries environmentally sustainable - Yoon, Sang Won (International Journal of Economics and Finance, 2016)
Keywords: dept.eco

Oiling the urban economy: land, labour, capital, and the state in Sekondi-Takoradi, ghana, written byFranklin obeng-odoom - Andoh, Samuel K. (African and Asian Studies, 2015)
Keywords: dept.eco; peer-reviewed

Real exchange rates in advanced transition economies - Grubacic, Sanja; Schuster, Julian (Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR), 2015)
The recent evidence from Eastern Europe suggests that one of the major obstacles towards the adoption of euro may lie in the impact that the recession of 2008 exerted on the trajectory of real exchange rates in new member countries (European Commission, 2015). This paper aims to establish and explain the relationship between the external shocks derived from the global financial crisis and recession of 2008 and equilibrium real exchange rate in advanced transition economies of Eastern Europe. The interplay between the external and internal balances is explained by developing an inter-temporal optimizing model of the real exchange rate determination in a small open economy with structural distortions. The results of our model suggest that, in the aftermath of recession, if the Eastern European economies attempt to restore and maintain the balance between the consumption, saving, and investment, the equilibrium real exchange rate will tend to reverse its trajectory from appreciation to depreciation over time in order to encourage a greater production in the future. The equilibrium real exchange rate depreciation in the future may obtain either as a result of an increase in the direct subsidies on investment or as a result of reduced subsidies on the "net-of-investment" income. The deprecation of countries’ real exchange rate, however, may continue to act as an effective constraint against the adoption of euro. © 2015, Institute of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Eastern European countries; Real exchange rates; Recession; Subsidies; Transition; dept.eco

Regulation of transportation network companies: A case study of connecticut - Thorson, James A (NABET 2015 Faculty Conference, 2015)
Keywords: dept.eco; ⛔ No DOI found

Book Review: armenia and azerbaijan through peace and war: black garden: 10 year anniversary edition, written by thomas de waal - Andoh, Samuel K (African and Asian Studies, 2014)
Keywords: book.review; dept.eco; peer-reviewed

Zimbabwe's land reform: myths and realities (review) - Andoh, Samuel K (Africa Today, 2011)
Keywords: dept.eco

Land, power, and custom: controversies generated by south africa's communal land rights act - Andoh, Samuel K (Africa Today, 2010)
Keywords: dept.eco

Small loans, big dreams: how the nobel prize winner muhammad yunus and microfinance are changing the world, edited by alex counts - Gebremariam, Yilma (Eastern Economic Journal, 2010)
Keywords: dept.eco

High-precision geochronology links the Ferrar large igneous province with early-Jurassic ocean anoxia and biotic crisis - Burgess, Seth D; Bowring, Samuel A; Fleming, Thomas H; Elliot, David H (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2015)
Apparent synchrony between eruption/emplacement of large igneous province (LIP) magmas and mass extinction has led to the implication of magmatism as a primary trigger of global scale environmental change. Evaluating the efficacy of magmatism as a driver of global change depends on the relative timing of magmatism and environmental change, and the magma effusion/intrusion rate, both of which can be constrained by high-precision geochronology. Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian-Toarcian) global ocean anoxia and acidification, carbon isotope perturbations, and biotic crisis have been linked to "synchronous" eruption and emplacement of the Karoo and Ferrar LIPs. To better constrain the timing and duration of Ferrar magmatism, we apply the single crystal, chemical abrasion U-Pb ID-TIMS method to zircon crystals isolated from twenty Ferrar LIP sills and lavas, and the Dufek intrusion. Dates suggest that both intrusive and extrusive Ferrar magmatism occurred over an interval of 349. ±. 49 kyr, beginning with intrusive magmatism as early as 182.779. ±. 0.033 Ma. Lava eruption was synchronous with, and in some cases postdates intrusion. When coupled with existing geochronology on the Karoo province, our dates confirm broad synchrony between Karoo and Ferrar magmatism, though Karoo magmatism began demonstrably prior to Ferrar magmatism, starting as early as 183.246. ±. 0.045 Ma. The short-lived magmatic history of the Ferrar LIP makes it a plausible trigger for early-Jurassic environmental change. © 2015.
Keywords: Anoxic events; Carbon isotopes; Chemical abrasions; Environmental change; Geochronology; Isotopes; Jurassic; Karoo; Large igneous province; Large igneous provinces; Lead; Mass extinction; Ocean anoxic event; Relative timing; Silicate minerals; Single crystals; South Africa; Uranium; Zircon crystals; dept.esc; emplacement; environmental change; geochronology; large igneous province; magmatism; mass extinction; paleoenvironment; peer-reviewed

Links between acceleration, melting, and supraglacial lake drainage of the western greenland ice sheet - Hoffman, Matthew J.; Catania, Ginny A.; Neumann, Thomas; Andrews, Lauren C.; Rumrill, J. A. (Journal of Geophysical Research, 2011)
The impact of increasing summer melt on the dynamics and stability of the Greenland Ice Sheet is not fully understood. Mounting evidence suggests seasonal evolution of subglacial drainage mitigates or counteracts the ability of surface runoff to increase basal sliding. Here, we compare subdaily ice velocity and uplift derived from nine Global Positioning System stations in the upper ablation zone in west Greenland to surface melt and supraglacial lake drainage during summer 2007. Starting around day 173, we observe speedups of 6-41% above spring velocity lasting ∼40 days accompanied by sustained surface uplift at most stations, followed by a late summer slowdown. After initial speedup, we see a spatially uniform velocity response across the ablation zone and strong diurnal velocity variations during periods of melting. Most lake drainages were undetectable in the velocity record, and those that were detected only perturbed velocities for ∼1 day, suggesting preexisting drainage systems could efficiently drain large volumes of water. The dynamic response to melt forcing appears to (1) be driven by changes in subglacial storage of water that is delivered in diurnal and episodic pulses, and (2) decrease over the course of the summer, presumably as the subglacial drainage system evolves to greater efficiency. The relationship between hydrology and ice dynamics observed is similar to that observed on mountain glaciers, suggesting that seasonally large water pressures under the ice sheet largely compensate for the greater ice thickness considered here. Thus, increases in summer melting may not guarantee faster seasonal ice flow. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.
Keywords: Arctic; GPS; Greenland; Greenland Ice Sheet; ablation; dept.esc; drainage network; flow velocity; glacial hydrology; glacial lake; glacier dynamics; ice flow; ice mechanics; ice thickness; melting; meltwater; runoff; seasonal variation; subglacial deposit; uplift

Developing mentors: an analysis of shared mentoring practices - Bower-Phipps, Laura; Klecka, Cari Van Senus; Sature, Amanda L (The New Educator, 2016)
Understanding how experienced teachers share and articulate effective mentoring practices can guide efforts to prepare quality mentors. This qualitative study focused on mentoring practices within a teacher-designed student-teaching program conceptualized while the mentor teachers within the program were students in a graduate-level mentoring course and implemented upon the mentors’ completion of their graduate studies. Data sources included interviews and field notes from meetings with mentors and student teachers. The results detail specific mentoring practices: explicit instruction through scaffolding, developing the whole teacher, student-teacher-directed learning, fostering student teachers’ individual practice, explicit mentoring of one another, and reflecting on mentoring. These practices were enabled by program structures such as mentor meetings, an online forum, and mentors’ observation of all student teachers in the program. © 2016, © 2016 CCNY and ATE.
Keywords: dept.cur; peer-reviewed

Coming home: Continuing intercultural learning during the re-entry semester following a study abroad experience - Marx, Helen; Moss, David M (Journal of International Social Studies, 2016)
Keywords: dept.cur; ⛔ No DOI found

"To have better than what I had”: the transgenerational family pedagogy of an african american family in the south - Powell, Jessica S (Journal of Family Diversity in Education, 2016)
Keywords: dept.cur; ⛔ No DOI found

Valuing stuff materials culture and artifactual literacies in the classroom - Randall, Regine; Mercurio, Mia Lynn (Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 2015)
Recent interest in materials culture and artifactual literacies has helped the authors of this article rethink how they teach preservice and inservice teachers and collaborate with K-12 teachers. Each discipline has its own stuff that can help students understand the products and practices of a field beyond what they might be able to glean from text. To that end, every teacher should see their classroom and content area as a "place for my stuff" because objects speak and communicate more messages through form, color, size, and texture than print alone. © 2015 International Literacy Association.
Keywords: 3-Early adolescence; 4-Adolescence; 5-College/university students; Adolescent/young adult literature; Content analyses; Content literacy; Discussion strategies; Information literacy; Informational text; Instructional strategies; Literary elements; Specific subject areas (math; Strategies; Text types; and materials; art; dept.cur; dept.sed; etc.); methods; teaching strategies; text features

Guiding students as they explore, build, and connect online - McVerry, J. Gregory; Belshaw, Doug; O'Byrne, W. Ian (Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 2015)
Keywords: dept.cur

Improving students' academic learning by helping them access text - Ben-Avie, Michael; Randall, Régine; Dunne, Diane Weaver; Kelly, Chris (Recent Advances in Assistive Technologies to Support Children with Developmental Disorders, 2015)
Conventional methods of addressing the needs of students with print disabilities include text-to-speech services. One major drawback of text-to-speech technologies is that computerized speech simply articulates the same words in a text whereas human voice can convey emotions such as excitement, sadness, fear, or joy. Audiobooks have human narration, but are designed for entertainment and not for teaching word identification, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension to students. This chapter focuses on the 3-year pilot of CRISKids; all CRIS recordings feature human narration. The pilot demonstrated that students who feel competent in their reading and class work tend to be more engaged in classroom routines, spend more time on task and demonstrate greater comprehension of written materials. When more demonstrate these behaviors and skills, teachers are better able to provide meaningful instruction, since less time is spent on issues of classroom management and redirection. Thus, CRISKids impacts not only the students with print disabilities, but all of the students in the classroom.
Keywords: dept.cur

Multimodal response and writing as poetry experience - Pet, Sue Ringler; Mcverry, J Gregory; Obyrne, W Ian (Exploring Multimodal Composition and Digital Writing, 2014)
What affordances do multimodal and digital information provide to the student and teacher with regard to responding to and writing poetry? This question juxtaposes one of the oldest literary genres in human history (i.e., poetry), with some of the newest technologies available. To enrich the content and effect as students experience poetry, technology may seem like an unwelcome stranger. Research has found, however, that “multimedia texts and multimodal composing may actually shift classroom culture toward a more learner-centered paradigm” (Chandler-Olcott & Mahar, 2003, pp. 381-382). This chapter explores the integration of technology with both response to poetry and authorship of poetic works as a means to enrich English classroom experiences. In the authors’ view, important work in this arena must not use technological tools for the sake of using technology in the classroom, but, rather, for the sake of enriching literary experiences. Ultimately, by connecting response, authorship, and multimodal technologies, the teaching of poetry may be enhanced by the teaching of 21st century literacy skills. Toward these ends, the authors share opportunities for intertwining multimodal text with the teaching of poetry to enrich literacy and literary experience in middle and high school classrooms.
Keywords: dept.cur

Vowel representations in the invented spellings of Spanish-English bilingual kindergartners - Raynolds, Laura B.; Uhry, Joanna K.; Brunner, Jessica (Reading and Writing, 2013)
The study compared the invented spelling of vowels in kindergarten native Spanish speaking children with that of English monolinguals. It examined whether, after receiving phonics instruction for short vowels, the spelling of native Spanish-speaking kindergartners would contain phonological errors that were influenced by their first language. Results showed no differences between the two groups on the number of correct short vowel spellings, even though the sounds for four of the five English short vowels do not exist in Spanish. By contrast, differences were observed in the representation of long vowels with a higher rate of error among ELLs. The students had not received explicit instruction in long vowels. ELLs appeared to be trying to represent the diphthongized nature of some English long vowels by spelling long vowels with more than one vowel. The results support the authors' hypothesis that kindergarten phonics instruction had an impact on the invented spellings of new second language vowel phonemes.
Keywords: Bilingual; English language instruction; Invented spelling; Spanish language; dept.cur; peer-reviewed

Everyone has a story: A collaborative inquiry project by five teacher candidates of color and one white professor - Bower-Phipps, Laura; Tate, Rachel Watanabe; Mehta, Sejal; Sature, Amanda L (Current Issues in Education, 2013)
Initiatives to increase the number of teachers of color in U.S. public schools must be accompanied by culturally relevant teacher preparation for candidates of color. This study is a cooperative inquiry (Heron, 1996) conceived, conducted, and analyzed by five preservice teachers of color and one of their professors, a white lesbian. The women met biweekly for a year to co-construct meaning from their experiences in a teacher education program. They analyzed data sources together, including meeting transcripts, autobiographical sketches, and reflective writing on themes from the data. Key findings include the complexity of teacher candidates' identities; the importance of support systems for teacher candidates of color, particularly within predominantly white contexts; the connection between teacher candidates' backgrounds and their visions as teachers; and the role others' perceptions, particularly teacher educators, have played in teacher candidates becoming teachers.
Keywords: Cooperative inquiry; Diversity; Teacher identity; Teachers of color; dept.cur; peer-reviewed; ⛔ No DOI found

Collaboration cubed: isolated mainstream teachers become ESL experts to school systems - Verplaetse, Lorrie Stoops; Ferraro, Marisa; Anderberg, Ann (TESOL Journal, 2012)
Keywords: dept.cur

The new literacies of online reading comprehension: expanding the literacy and learning curriculum - Leu, Donald J.; McVerry, J. Gregory; O'Byrne, W. Ian; Kiili, Carita; Zawilinski, Lisa; Everett-Cacopardo, Heidi; Kennedy, Clint; Forzani, Elena (Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 2011)
Keywords: dept.cur

Surpassing normal: preparing teachers for diverse learners - Bower, Laura A; Sature, Amanda L (Action in teacher education, 2011)
Teacher education must prepare teacher candidates for diverse contexts and diverse learners. Such preparation involves teacher candidates unearthing their assumptions about diverse populations and understanding the roles candidates' own backgrounds play in these assumptions. Queer theory can facilitate this process through attention to culturally constructed notions of “normal” and “deviant.” This chapter investigates a strategy intended to identify teachers' cultural expectations through disrupting candidates' perceptions of “normal” students. Data sources include responses to a specific learning activity, interviews, and demographic surveys. Findings indicate that teacher candidates are reluctant to discuss certain demographic descriptors, such as race/ethnicity and sexual orientation, preferring to focus on students' interests and social behaviors. candidates' conceptions of a “normal” student mirror their own experiences. Interview responses suggest that the learning activity disrupted these conceptions. Implications point to the importance of discussing diversity in teacher education courses and the necessity of fieldwork in diverse contexts. © 2011, Copyright Association of Teacher Educators.
Keywords: dept.cur

Love thy neighbor: A guide for implementing safe school initiatives for LGBTQ students in nonaffirming religious communities - Ginicola, Misty M; Smith, Cheri; Rhoades, Elizabeth (Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 2016)
Although setting up a safe school is an important task for a school counselor, his or her efforts may be resisted when attempting to develop a safe school initiative in a religious community; for example, one conservative-based website gives parents explicit instructions on how to fight a school's safe schools initiatives. This article provides a review of the issues involved and a specific framework for school counselors who wish to set up a Safe Schools Initiative in the context of a resistant atmosphere, using a social justice framework. © 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Keywords: LGBTQ; dept.csp; religious conflict; safe schools; school counseling; social justice

Psychologically based therapies to improve lung functioning in students with asthma. - Maykel, Cheryl; Bray, Melissa A; Gelbar, Nicholas W; Caterino, Linda C; Avitia, Maria J; Sassu, Kari; Root, Melissa M (International journal of school and educational psychology, 2016)
Asthma is a common, chronic respiratory disease that can be costly to both society and the individual. In addition to increased absenteeism, children with asthma may also be at a greater risk for developing comorbid anxiety and depression. Various complementary psychological treatments have been effective at reducing both asthmatic symptoms and psychological distress. Although the research in the area of mind-body treatments as it pertains specifically to persons with asthma is still developing, this article will describe several promising alternative treatment methods, many of which have already been, or could be easily be applied for use in a school setting. © 2016, © 2016 International School Psychology Association.
Keywords: art therapy; asthma; biofeedback; dept.csp; hypnosis; mind-body; mindfulness; music therapy; relaxation and guided imagery; school-based interventions; written emotional expression; yoga

Students with cancer: presenting issues and effective solutions. - Root, Melissa M; Bray, Melissa A; Maykel, Cheryl; Cross, Karen; Shankar, Nilani L; Theodore, Lea A (International Journal of School and Educational Psychology, 2016)
Practitioners working with children diagnosed with cancer in the school environment must consider several facets in order to effectively work with the child and family. The remission rate for children with cancer is relatively high, so one must consider whether the child is anticipating treatment, actively in treatment, or posttreatment when one thinks about the potential stressors and cognitive impacts of cancer on the child's education. This article focuses on facts associated with childhood cancer that are relevant to school-based practitioners, common stressors for children and adolescents with a personal cancer diagnosis in their lives, research-based interventions, and accommodations and modifications to consider. © 2016, © 2016 International School Psychology Association.
Keywords: accommodations; adolescent cancer; childhood cancer; dept.csp; evidence-based practices; intervention; modifications; pediatric oncology; school psychologist

Financial health and mental health among clients of a community mental health center: making the connections - Harper, Annie; Clayton, Ashley; Bailey, Margaret; Foss-Kelly, Louisa; Sernyak, Michael J.; Rowe, Michael (Psychiatric Services, 2015)
Objectives: This study evaluated financial challenges, satisfaction with financial-management supports, and interest in additional or alternative supports among clients of a mental health center. Methods: Six focus groups were held with 39 clients of an urban community mental health center who reported having difficulty with their finances. Five focus groups were held with direct-care staff who provided services to the clients. Investigators used an inductive analytical approach to distill themes from notes taken during the focus groups. Results: Clients emphasized the challenges of living in poverty and described using complex strategies to sustain themselves, including negotiating benefits systems, carefully planning purchases, and developing and relying on social relationships. They spoke of having uneven access to tools and services for managing their money, such as advice from direct-care staff, representative payees, and bank accounts, and had varying opinions about their value. Noting concerns similar to those of clients, direct-care staff expressed frustration at the lack of support services for helping clients manage their finances. Both clients and staff expressed the need for more services to help clients with their finances. Conclusions: Findings suggest a need for more services to support people with mental illness to manage their finances, particularly a more flexible and broader range of options than are provided by current representative-payee mechanisms.
Keywords: Article; Community Mental Health Centers; Connecticut; Focus Groups; Humans; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Patient Advocacy; Patient Satisfaction; Poverty; Social Support; Urban Population; adult; analytic method; clinical article; clinical assessment; clinical evaluation; community mental health center; coping behavior; dept.csp; economics; female; financial management; health care access; health insurance; human; information processing; interpersonal communication; male; managed care; medical staff; mental disease; mental health; mental health service; money; patient advocacy; patient satisfaction; poverty; social interaction; social support; treatment planning; urban population

The added value of the school of the 21st century when combined with a statewide preschool program. - Ginicola, Misty; Finn-Stevenson, Matia; Zigler, Edward (The American journal of orthopsychiatry, 2013)
Although schools have begun to employ multiple programs to reach educational goals, little attention has been paid to the efficacy of combining separate programs. The present study investigates the combination of a school reform model, the School of the 21st Century (21C), and the Arkansas Better Chance (ABC) program, where preschools apply for state funds to provide high quality services to children at risk. To determine if 21C adds anything to the ABC program, the present study compared results from a developmental assessment. The authors compared school-based preschools that had both ABC and 21C services to those programs that offered only ABC services. Results indicated that, at baseline, children within the 21C/ABC programs scored the same or poorer than their ABC-only counterparts. However, at the end of the year, participants at 21C/ABC preschools were significantly ahead of ABC-only programs on all developmental indicators. There were also differences favorable to 21C/ABC preschools between the programs' quality ratings as measured by the Early Childhood Environmental Rating Scale. Copyright © 2013 American Orthopsychiatric Association.
Keywords: *Early Intervention, Educational; *Schools; Arkansas; Arkansas Better Chance program; Child care; Child, Preschool; Early Intervention (Education); Educational Status; Family support; Female; Humans; Male; Poverty; Preschool children; School children; School readiness; Schools; The School of the 21st Century; article; child; dept.csp; education program; female; history; human; male; preschool child; rating scale; school

Counseling through images: using photography to guide the counseling process and achieve treatment goals - Ginicola, Misty M; Smith, Cheri; Trzaska, Jessica (Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 2012)
Creative approaches to counseling help counselors to meet the needs of diverse populations. The utility of photography in counseling has been demonstrated through several case studies; however, clear implications of how photography relates to the counseling process have not been well delineated. The existing literature on phototherapy is reviewed and connected to specific photo directives within the counseling process and common psychotherapeutic techniques. © 2012 Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Keywords: counseling; creative counseling; dept.csp; photography; phototherapy

The church, the closet, and the couch: the counselor's role in assisting clients to integrate their sexual orientation and religious identity - Ginicola, Misty M; Smith, Cheri (Journal of Lgbt Issues in Counseling, 2011)
In a recent article in The New York Times, therapy using Sexual Orientation Management was highlighted, with the focus on therapists assisting clients to live a heterosexual life because of their religious beliefs.The primary reasons for such an approach are to allow for client choice and respect on an equally important area of diversity, their religious affiliation and values.Although research has been performed on the intersection of religion and sexual orientation, there has not been an extensive analysis or criticism of this management technique.In this article, the authors explore the experience of religious clients struggling with their sexual orientation, discuss the potential counselor responses to sexual orientation religious issues, and the impact of each on the counseling field using ethical principles, existing research, and logical outcomes.© 2011 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Keywords: LGBQ; counseling; dept.csp; ethics; religion

An interactive web-based tool for teaching computer programming - Abdel-Raouf, Amal (2016)
Keywords: dept.csc

Authorship categorization of public domain literature - Boran, Tudor; Voss, John; Hossain, Shafaeat (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016)
We defined a set of quantifiable features for authorship categorization. We performed our experiments on public domain literature - all books analyzed were obtained in plain text format through Project Gutenberg's online repository of classic books. We tested three machine learning algorithms: Artificial Neural Network, Naïve Bayes Classifier, and Support Vector Machine with our features. We found that certain features, such as punctuation and various suffixes result in a higher accuracy. In addition, the Support Vector Machine classifier produces repeatedly higher accuracies than other classifiers and seems to be a far superior method of classification in terms of authorship categorization. © 2016 IEEE.
Keywords: Authorship categorization; Bayes Classifier; Classification (of information); Learning algorithms; Learning systems; Mobile telecommunication systems; Neural networks; Online repositories; Plain text; Public domains; Support vector machine classifiers; Support vector machines; Ubiquitous computing; classification; dept.csc; public domain literature; support vector machine

P-codec: parallel compressed file decompression algorithm for hadoop - Hanafi, Idris; Abdel-Raouf, Amal (2016)
Keywords: dept.csc

On finding appropriate reject region in serial fusion based biometric verification - Hossain, Shafaeat (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016)
We give the theoretical foundation for finding a reject region which gives the minimum equal error rate in serial fusion based biometric verification. Given a user-specified tolerance of x percent genuine score reject rate, we prove that there exists a unique reject region inside which the false alarm rate and impostor pass rate curves overlap, and this reject region gives the minimum equal error rate. Our theory leads to new algorithms for finding reject regions, which have two key advantages over the state-of-the-art: (1) the algorithms allow the system administrator to control the proportion of genuine scores that a reject region can erroneously reject and (2) the algorithms determine reject regions directly from the scores, without the need to estimate score distributions. Our proofs do not rely on data belonging to any particular distribution, which makes them applicable to a wide range of biometric modalities including face, finger, iris, speech, gait, and keystrokes. © 2016 IEEE.
Keywords: Biometric verification; Biometrics; Decision support systems; Equal error rate; False alarm rate; Genuine scores; Particular distribution; State of the art; System administrators; Theoretical foundations; dept.csc

User authentication and identification on smartphones by incorporating capacitive touchscreen - Rilvan, Mohamed Azard; Lacy, Kolby Isiah; Hossain, Shafaeat; Wang, Bing (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016)
Smartphones, while providing users ease of access to sensitive information on the go, also present severe security risks if an attacker is able to gain access to them. To strengthen the user authentication and identification in a smartphone, we develop a biometric authentication and identification system which uses the capacitive touchscreen that is featured in all current smartphones. Our methodology focuses on using the touchscreen as a sensor to capture the image of a user's ear, thumb or four fingers. We extract the capacitive raw data from the touched body part to obtain a capacitive image, and then use it to capture geometric features (e.g., length and width of a finger) and principal components. After that, we experiment with Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) classifiers to verify and also identify each user. We achieved the maximum authentication accuracy of 98.84% by four fingers with SVM, and maxinum identification accuracy of 97.61% by four fingers with RF. © 2016 IEEE.
Keywords: Authentication; Biometric; Biometric authentication; Biometrics; Decision trees; Geometric feature; Identification (control systems); Identification accuracy; Principal Components; Random forests; Security risks; Sensitive informations; Smartphones; Support vector machines; User authentication; authentication; capacitive touchscreen; dept.csc; identification; smart-phones

Exploring search task difficulty reasons in different task types and user knowledge groups - Liu, Jingjing; Kim, Chang Suk; Creel, Caitlin (Information Processing and Management, 2015)
Search task difficulty has been attracting much research attention in recent years, mostly regarding its relationship with searchers' behaviors and the prediction of task difficulty from search behaviors. However, it remains unknown what makes searchers feel the difficulty. A study consisting of 48 undergraduate students was conducted to explore this question. Each participant was given 4 search tasks that were carefully designed following a task classification scheme. Questionnaires were used to elicit participants' ratings on task difficulty and why they gave those ratings. Based on the collected difficulty reasons, a coding scheme was developed, which covered various aspects of task, user, and user-task interaction. Difficulty reasons were then categorized following this scheme. Results showed that searchers reported some common reasons leading to task difficulty in different tasks, but most of the difficulty reasons varied across tasks. In addition, task difficulty had some common reasons between searchers with low and high levels of topic knowledge, although there were also differences in top task difficulty reasons between high and low knowledge users. These findings further our understanding of search task difficulty, the relationship between task difficulty and task type, and that between task difficulty and knowledge level. The findings can also be helpful with designing tasks for information search experiments, and have implications on search system design both in general and for personalization based on task type and searchers' knowledge. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Information search; Knowledge level; Personalizations; Search engines; Students; Surveys; Task classification; Task difficulty; Task difficulty reason; Task type; Topic knowledge; Undergraduate students; dept.csc

Asynchronous gossip-based data propagation protocol - Andrew, Priyanka; Antonios, Imad (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2015)
Data dissemination protocols govern interaction and exchange of data among nodes in a distributed system. An understanding of data transfer protocols provides insight into efficient middleware management. Due to their simplicity, scalability and fault-tolerance, gossip-based protocols are researched widely as an effective communication strategy. The Shuffle protocol presented in [1], is an example of a decentralized, gossip-based data transfer protocol used to spread information in a wireless network via probabilistic exchange of data. This paper presents, an asynchronous variant of the Shuffle protocol and a system model that captures variability in data transmission times. This transmission time variability is inherent in dynamic networks, where such algorithms are typically deployed. A simulation-based analysis of the protocol's performance behavior is presented. Results show the effects of transmission variability, on data replication and its coverage. Also examined is the relationship between available storage and the performance of the protocol, expressed using measures such as propagation time and work. © 2015 IEEE.
Keywords: Data communication systems; Data dissemination; Data dissemination protocols; Data propagation protocols; Data transfer; Data transfer protocols; Digital storage; Distributed database systems; Effective communication; Fault tolerance; Fault tolerant computer systems; Gossip-based algorithms; Gossip-based protocol; Internet protocols; Middleware; Shuffle protocol; Simulation-based analysis; Wireless networks; asynchronous gossip-based algorithm; data dissemination; data transfer protocol; dept.csc; wireless network

ARM Assembly language programming Using Keil Development Tools Introduction - Elahi, Ata; Arjeski, Trevor (ARM Assembly Language with Hardware Experiments, 2015)
Manufacturers of CPUs publish a document that contains information about the processor that includes: list of registers, function of each register, size of data bus, size of address bus and list of instructions that can be executed by the CPU. Each CPU has a known instruction set that a programmer can use to write assembly language programs. Instruction sets are specific to each type of processor. That being said, Pentium processors use a different instruction set than ARM processors. Using the Instructions a of processor to write a program is called assembly language and function of an assembler is to convert assembly language to machine code (binary) that the CPU can understand.
Keywords: dept.csc

ARM Cortex-M3 Processor and MBED NXP LPC1768 - Elahi, Ata; Arjeski, Trevor (ARM Assembly Language with Hardware Experiments, 2015)
ARM offers variety of the core processor base on their applications and they are: Cortex A series: Cortex A series is a High performance processor for open operating system, the Cortex-A50 is a 64 bit process, application of Cortex-A series are Smart phones, Netbook, Digital TV, and eBook readers
Keywords: dept.csc

ARM Instructions and Part II - Elahi, Ata; Arjeski, Trevor (ARM Assembly Language with Hardware Experiments, 2015)
The data transfer instructions are used to transfer data from memory to registers and from registers to memory and they are Load (LDR) and Store (STR) instructions.
Keywords: dept.csc

ARM Instructions Part I - Elahi, Ata; Arjeski, Trevor (ARM Assembly Language with Hardware Experiments, 2015)
Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) was developed by the Acorn Company. ARM is a leader supplier of microprocessors in the world, ARM develop the core CPU and thousand of suppliers add more functional units to the core. ARM uses two types instruction called Thumb and Thumb-2. Thumb instructions are 16 bits and thumb-2 instructions are 32 bits, currently most ARM processors uses 32 bit instructions.
Keywords: dept.csc

Logic Gates and Introduction to Computer Architecture - Elahi, Ata; Arjeski, Trevor (ARM Assembly Language with Hardware Experiments, 2015)
The basic components of an Integrated Circuit (IC) is logic gates which made of transistors, in digital system there are three basic logic operations and they are called AND, OR and NOT.
Keywords: dept.csc

Number Systems and Data Communication - Elahi, Ata; Arjeski, Trevor (ARM Assembly Language with Hardware Experiments, 2015)
In order to understand network technology it is important to know how information is represented for transmission from one computer to another. Information can be transferred between computers in one of two ways: an analog signal or a digital signal.
Keywords: Analog Signal; Binary Number; Digital Signal; Number System; Transmission Method; dept.csc

Enhancing EDP of multicore processors through DVFS - Hajiamini, Shervin; Shirazi, Behrooz; Rilvan, Mohamed Azard (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2015)
Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is a well-known technique to optimize the power dissipation of electronic systems without significantly compromising overall system performance. DVFS exploits the periods of inter-core data exchange (memory-bound operations) to reduce the voltage and frequency (V/F) of the cores in order to reduce the power dissipation during the execution flow of an application running on the CMP. As the lengths of the idle and busy periods of the cores vary depending on the benchmarks, it is crucial for any DVFS technique to maximize the power saving without losing a significant performance. In this work we present two power optimization methodologies that are integrated into a full-system simulator to make online predictions about the voltage and frequency of the cores during the execution time of the benchmarks. We evaluate these methodologies in terms of the V/F predictions vs. the actual utilization of each core periodically. We also compare the overall execution time, energy dissipation, and energy-delay product (EDP) of the power optimization methodologies for various benchmarks. © 2015 IEEE.
Keywords: Benchmarking; DVFS; Dynamic frequency scaling; Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling; Electric losses; Electronic data interchange; Electronic systems; Energy delay product; Energy dissipation; Energy efficiency; Forecasting; Full system simulators; Multi core; Multi-core processor; Multicore; Power Optimization; V/F tracking; Voltage scaling; dept.csc; energy efficiency

Free indulgences: Enhanced zero-price effect for hedonic options - Hossain, Mehdi T; Saini, Ritesh (International Journal of Research in Marketing, 2015)
We find that the relative preference of hedonic products is disproportionately enhanced when they are offered at a free price. This “free price bounce” is more subdued for utilitarian products. This is surprising because rational choice theory posits that relative preference amidst two options - say a hedonic and a utilitarian product - remains intact as long as the price difference between them is constant. We propose and demonstrate that this axiom is violated when a hedonic product is offered for free. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Affective appraisal; Behavioral pricing; Hedonic-utilitarian differences; Sales promotion; Zero price; dept.csc

Analyzing PHP frameworks for use in a project-based software engineering course - Lancor, Lisa; Katha, Samyukta (Association for Computing Machinery, 2013)
Given the popularity of PHP frameworks used in developing webbased applications, a comparative study is conducted to determine which framework is best suited for incorporation into the curriculum of an undergraduate software engineering course that uses project-based learning. The top six PHP frameworks (Zend, Yii, CakePHP, CodeIgniter, PRADO, and Symphony) were initially considered and then narrowed down to two (CakePHP and CodeIgniter) based on their alignment with common functionality in previous class projects, framework complexity for those new to frameworks (learning curve), and developer friendliness (availability of documentation and online resources). An in-depth comparative study is conducted by developing a functionally-equivalent web application using each of the two frameworks as well as plain PHP (no framework). This work was motivated by the difficulties that were encountered in an evolving, content-rich software engineering course and discusses the educational changes that were made to align student learning with sound software engineering principles and current software development practices used in the computing industry. Copyright © 2013 ACM.
Keywords: Application programs; Curricula; Education computing; Engineering education; PHP frameworks; Project based learning; Project-based learning; Software design; Software design and development; Software development practices; Software engineering; Software engineering course; Software engineering principles; Technical presentations; Undergraduate software engineering; Web-based applications; dept.csc

Why do users perceive search tasks as difficult? Exploring difficulty in different task types - Liu, Jingjing; Kim, Chang Suk (Association for Computing Machinery, 2013)
In this paper, we examined why information searchers perceive search tasks as difficult, and what factors/reasons make them perceive tasks as difficult. We also examined if task difficulty reasons vary across different tasks (task types). Data was collected through a controlled laboratory experiment in which tasks were designed following a classification scheme. A total of 32 undergraduate students participated, each was given 4 search tasks, and they were asked in questionnaires both before and after the tasks for task difficulty ratings and why they gave those ratings. We developed a coding scheme based on the difficulty reasons users gave, which covered various aspects of task, user, and user-task interaction. Difficulty reasons were categorized following this scheme. Results showed that searchers had some common reasons for task difficulty in different tasks, but most of the difficulty reasons varied across tasks. For each task, there were also common reasons for task difficulty, although there was some variation here as well. Task difficulty was also found to be negatively correlated with users topic knowledge, previous experience, and topic interest. Our findings help understand search task difficulty, as well as the relationships between task difficulty and task type, knowledge background, etc. These can also be helpful with experiment task design. © 2013 ACM.
Keywords: Classification scheme; Coding scheme; Controlled laboratories; Experiments; Human computer interaction; Information retrieval; Search tasks; Students; Surveys; Task difficulty; Task difficulty reason categories; Undergraduate students; dept.csc; task features; topic knowledge

Why do users feel search task difficult - Liu, Jingjing; Kim, Chang Suk; Creel, Caitlin (Wiley, 2013)
This paper reports on an examination of why information searchers find search tasks difficult and the specific reasons they feel difficult. Data was collected through a controlled laboratory experiment with 32 participants, each working with 4 search tasks. They were asked in questionnaires, both before and after the tasks, for task difficulty ratings and their reasoning for giving those ratings. We developed a coding scheme based on the difficulty reasons users gave, which covered various aspects of task, user, and user-task interaction. This helps us understand search task difficulty, as well as provides a scheme for task difficulty control in experiment task design.
Keywords: Task difficulty reason categories; Task features; Topic knowledge; dept.csc

Software environments for atmospheric lidar remote sensing - Sharma, Nimmi C P; Parikh, Jo Ann (2013)
Research and training in atmospheric lidar remote sensing requires highly versatile software environments for both experimentation and analysis. Experimentation and analysis may be conducted either directly on site at the location of the lidar equipment and/or institutional computer center or remotely from a distant location. The requirements for lidar software environments depend not only on type of user access (remote or onsite) but also on the nature of the teaching or research missions they support and the characteristics of the lidar systems for which they are used. The software environments discussed in this paper have been used to support lidar aerosol studies in settings ranging from urban locations to a remote atmospheric baseline station. Experiments and data analysis studies have been conducted for two different ground-based lidar systems, a monostatic Micro Pulse Lidar system and a bistatic imaging lidar system. © 2013 IEEE.
Keywords: aerosols; dept.csc; laser radar; remote sensing software

Embedding video and assessment forms in online documents - Workman, Robert; Kim, Chang Suk (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2013)
Keywords: dept.csc; ⛔ No DOI found

Information seeking tasks: why do searchers feel them difficult? - Liu, Jingjing; Kim, Chang Suk (Proceedings of HCIR 2012, 2012)
Keywords: dept.csc; ⛔ No DOI found

Creating interactive video stories for mobile devices with adobe flash CS5.5: an exploratory mixed methods case study - Workman, Robert; Christ, Thomas W; Yu, Winnie (Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference, 2012)
Keywords: dept.csc; ⛔ No DOI found

Developing structured interactive multimedia applications with HTML5 - Workman, Robert; Podnar, Hrvoje (EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology, 2012)
Keywords: dept.csc; ⛔ No DOI found

Core node location problem: heuristic solvability via tabu search - Skorin-Kapov, Darko; Skorin-Kapov, Jadranka; Podnar, Hrvoje (2010)
Keywords: dept.csc; ⛔ No DOI found

A performance model of gossip-based update propagation - Antonios, Imad; Dhar, Reetu; Zhang, Feng; Lipsky, Lester (2010)
We consider the problem of propagating an update to nodes in a distributed system using two gossiping protocols. The first is an idealized algorithm with static and dynamic knowledge of the system, and the second is a simple randomized algorithm. We construct a theoretical model that allows us to derive work and completion time statistics under varying transmission delay distributions. Numerical results are obtained for both exponential and nonexponential transmission times using linear-algebraic queueing theory techniques. Additionally, we present the results of simulation experiments showing that under node churn assumptions, the randomized algorithm's performance is qualitatively different than in a fault-free system. © 2010 IEEE.
Keywords: Algorithms; Completion time; Distributed systems; Gossiping protocols; Linear-algebraic; Numerical results; Performance Model; Queueing theory; Randomized Algorithms; Simulation experiments; Static and dynamic; Theoretical models; Transmission delays; dept.csc

Consumers' optimism bias and responses to risk disclosures in direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug advertising: the moderating role of subjective health literacy - Ahn, Ho-Young (Anthony); Park, Jin Seong; Haley, Eric (Journal of Consumer Affairs, 2014)
Despite a substantial body of research in direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) for prescription drugs, what is missing from the existing discussion on the risk disclosure in DTCA is a focus on the roles of individual motivation and ability to process risk information. Guided by the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) and the Motivation-Ability-Opportunity framework, the current study examines the roles of the consumer's optimism bias and subjective health literacy in responding to the risk disclosure in DTCA. By analyzing survey data (N = 404), the study reveals that: (1) consumers who show a tendency to believe that they are at less risk of experiencing adverse reactions to prescription drugs than their peers are less likely to pay attention to the risk disclosure or intend to seek further information about the health risks of drugs, (2) the relationship between optimism bias and information-seeking intentions is stronger for consumers with high subjective health literacy than for those with low health literacy. Implications and recommendations are provided.
Keywords: dept.com

Direct-to-consumer (DTC) antidepressant advertising and consumer misperceptions about the chemical imbalance theory of depression: the moderating role of skepticism - Park, Jin Seong; Ahn, Ho-Young (Health Marketing Quarterly, 2013)
Based on a survey with members of an online consumer panel (N= 699), this study revealed that: (a) a substantial percentage of consumers held misperceptions about the chemical imbalance theory of depression; (b) personal and interpersonal experiences with depression positively related to such misperceptions; (c) overall, exposure to direct-to-consumer (DTC) antidepressant advertising did not significantly relate to misperceptions; and (d) DTC exposure magnified misperceptions when consumers were highly trustful of DTC advertising, whereas exposure diluted misperceptions when consumers were highly skeptical. Theoretical and practical implications of the research are discussed, especially in light of the social responsibility of DTC advertising. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Keywords: Advertising as Topic; Antidepressive Agents; Brain Chemistry; Depression; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; advertizing; antidepressant agent; attitude to health; brain level; depression; dept.com; direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug advertising; drug effects; female; health beliefs; human; male; procedures; skepticism toward advertising; social responsibility of advertising

Interaction effects of perceived sponsor motives and facebook credibility on willingness to visit social cause facebook page - Lee, Yoon-Joo; Ahn, Ho-Young (Journal of Interactive Advertising, 2013)
Keywords: dept.com

Communication strategies in cosmetic surgery websites: an application of Taylor's six-segment message strategy wheel. - Ahn, Ho-Young Anthony; Wu, Lei; Taylor, Ronald E (Health marketing quarterly, 2013)
Using Taylor's six-segment message strategy wheel as a theoretical framework, this study examines the communication approach (transmission or ritual) and message strategy (ego, social, sensory, routine, acute need, or ration) of cosmetic surgery websites. A content analysis revealed a fairly even division between transmission and ritual approaches. Ration strategy was the exclusive strategy in the websites adopting a transmission approach. No routine or acute need strategies were observed. Websites incorporating the ritual approach used ego, social, and sensory strategies. Human female models and natural objects were incorporated to deliver emotional persuasion. Implications for cosmetic surgery web marketers are discussed.
Keywords: *Communication; *Marketing of Health Services/mt [Methods]; *Surgery, Plastic; Communication; Emotions; Female; Humans; Internet; Marketing of Health Services; Models, Theoretical; Motivation; Surgery, Plastic; Surgery, Plastic/px [Psychology]; Taylor's six-segment message strategy wheel; United States; article; content analysis; cosmetic surgery; dept.com; emotion; female; financial management; human; interpersonal communication; methodology; motivation; physician advertising; plastic surgery; psychological aspect; theoretical model

6: Enhancing Out-of-Class Communication - Farley‐Lucas, Bonnie S.; Sargent, Margaret M. (To Improve the Academy, 2011)
Out-of-class communication between faculty and students is linked to student learning, engagement, and success. As the source for mentoring, advising, and supplemental instruction, out-of-class communication and its barriers require explicit attention. Using a faculty-student collaborative research approach, we interviewed a diverse group of thirty-three undergraduates regarding behaviors, statements, and practices that contributed to or discouraged out-of-class communication. We found that in-class communication sets the stage for whether students approach faculty outside class and that faculty misbehaviors and disconfirming communication in class almost inevitably lead to out-of-class avoidance.
Keywords: dept.com

Orson welles, harry alan towers, and the many lives of harry lime - Tavares, Frank (Journal of Radio & Audio Media, 2010)
In 1951, prolific radio producer Harry Alan Towers created The Lives of Harry Lime, a 52-episode series starring Orson Welles. It was based on the character Welles made famous in the popular Carol Reed film, The Third Man. Its success was the result of Towers's aptitude for seeing the untapped marketing potential of an existing fictional character, combined with his facility at working through the legal restrictions, and his ability to convince a reluctant Welles to participate. This article traces the genesis, production, and distribution of the only radio series on which Welles played a recurring dramatic role, and examines Welles's limited involvement in his temporary return to radio well after becoming a filmmaker. © 2010 Broadcast Education Association.
Keywords: dept.com

Pediatric feeding in infants with pierre robin sequence following mandibular distraction osteogenesis - Mabry, Kelly (Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, 2016)
Keywords: dept.cmd; peer-reviewed

Aphasia, alexia, and agraphia - Purdy, Mary (Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology Encyclopedia of Mental Health (Second Edition), 2016)
Aphasia is a general language disorder resulting from brain damage, and alexia and agraphia are specific impairments in reading and writing, respectively. This article describes the symptoms associated with each disorder, the subtypes of each impairment, and the common causes. Assessment and management approaches consistent with the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning (WHO-ICF) are briefly reviewed. © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Acquired language disorders; Agraphia; Alexia; Aphasia; Assessment; Communication disorder; Dysgraphia; Dyslexia; Dysphasia; Management; WHO-ICF; dept.cmd

Intensive multimodal communication treatment for people with chronic aphasia - Purdy, Mary; Wallace, Sarah E. (Aphasiology, 2016)
Background: Clinicians often teach persons with aphasia (PWA) non-verbal strategies to compensate for reduced verbal communication. The manner in which they teach the strategies may have an impact on how well PWA generalise and use the strategies. Previously, multimodal communication treatment (MCT) taught multiple modalities simultaneously. While participants demonstrated some increase in the flexible use of strategies, many communication breakdowns continued to occur. Recent research suggests that intensive treatment protocols result in the greatest increase in skills.Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine whether intensive (2-3hours/day, 5 days/week, for 2 weeks) multimodality communication training for aphasia resulted in increased successful use of verbal and non-verbal communication modalities as well as increased successful communicative repairs during structured communication tasks.Methods & Procedures: Three participants with chronic aphasia completed four baseline sessions, 10 treatment sessions across two phases (i.e., five sessions per phase), and three post-treatment sessions.Outcomes & Results: Two of the three participants demonstrated gains in the acquisition of non-verbal strategies during training and increased use of strategies on a referential communication task.Conclusions: Although MCT delivered intensely resulted in increased use of non-verbal modalities for two out of three participants, the results were similar to that achieved through the use of a non-intensive treatment protocol. Therefore, future research is needed to examine other potential modifications to maximise the gains people with aphasia receive from multimodal interventions.
Keywords: Article; Cognitive Linguistic Quick Test; accuracy; adult; aphasia; case report; cognitive function test; communication; dept.cmd; disease severity; hemiparesis; human; intensive treatment; interrater reliability; male; middle aged; multimodality communication training; nonverbal communication; outcome assessment; peer-reviewed; physiotherapy; strategy usage; training

Perception of speech sounds in school-aged children with speech sound disorders - Preston, Jonathan L.; Irwin, Julia R.; Turcios, Jacqueline (Seminars in Speech and Language, 2015)
Children with speech sound disorders may perceive speech differently than children with typical speech development. The nature of these speech differences is reviewed with an emphasis on assessing phoneme-specific perception for speech sounds that are produced in error. Category goodness judgment, or the ability to judge accurate and inaccurate tokens of speech sounds, plays an important role in phonological development. The software Speech Assessment and Interactive Learning System, which has been effectively used to assess preschoolers' ability to perform goodness judgments, is explored for school-aged children with residual speech errors (RSEs). However, data suggest that this particular, task may not be sensitive to perceptual differences in school-aged children. The need for the development of clinical tools for assessment of speech perception in school-aged children with RSE is highlighted, and clinical suggestions are provided.
Keywords: Child; Female; Humans; Male; Phonetics; Speech; Speech Perception; Speech Sound Disorder; Speech sound disorder; assessment; child; dept.cmd; dept.psy; female; human; male; pathophysiology; phonetics; speech; speech perception; speech sound disorder

Ways of examining speech acts in young african american children: considering inside-out and outside-in approaches. - Dejarnette, Glenda; Rivers, Kenyatta O; Hyter, Yvette D (Topics in Language Disorders, 2015)
To develop a framework for further study of pragmatic behavior in young children from African American English (AAE) speaking backgrounds, one aspect of pragmatic behavior is explored in this article, specifically, speech acts. The aims of this article are to (1) examine examples of how external taxonomies (i.e., an “etic” or “outside-in” approach) have been applied to the speech act behavior of AAE child speakers and to note that etic approaches alone do not identify cultural characteristics that influence the presentation of speech acts in this population; (2) conceptualize a culture-sensitive framework where components of AAE speech act behaviors can be identified as gleaned from existing linguistic research; and (3) explain the utility of analyses of speech act behavior using taxonomies that have emerged from the cultural language style of AAE speakers, that is, an “emic” or “inside-out” approach.
Keywords: English speakers; communicative functions; dept.cmd; language behavior; pragmatic behavior; speech acts; young African American

Pragmatic language of african american children and adolescents: A systematic synthesis of the literature. - Hyter, Yvette D; Rivers, Kenyatta O; Dejarnette, Glenda (Topics in Language Disorders, 2015)
Purpose: A systematic review and synthesis was performed on published articles and dissertations produced between 1970 and 2013 that focused on selected pragmatic language behaviors of African American children and adolescents. Methods: Electronic databases and hand searches of articles located in the databases were used to identify the published articles and dissertations. Each article or dissertation was reviewed by at least 2 of the authors to determine whether it met the criteria for inclusion in this study. Selected observations of the documents that met criteria for inclusion were recorded on the Primary Research Appraisal Tool (PRAT; DeJarnette, Hyter, & Rivers, 2012), a data gathering and analysis framework developed by the authors specifically for this systematic synthesis. Results: The literature search resulted in 92 research articles and dissertations, 37 of which were eliminated because they did not meet all of the inclusion criteria. The documents that met our inclusion criteria focused primarily on the structure and/or content of narrative discourse rather than speech acts, other forms of discourse (e.g., conversation, expository), and presupposition/perspective taking skills. Six major themes identified in the major findings are used to summarize studies reviewed for this systematic synthesis. Conclusions: We (a) explain the current state of knowledge about African American pragmatic language behaviors, (b) explain major findings and implications of the extant literature in this topical area and how it may inform speech-language pathology practice, and (c) identify directions for future research on pragmatic language of African American children and adolescents.
Keywords: African American; communication functions; dept.cmd; discourse; pragmatic language; presupposition; speech acts; systematic review and synthesis; theory of mind

Phonological complexity in school-aged children who stutter and exhibit a language disorder. - Wolk, Lesley; LaSalle, Lisa R (Journal of fluency disorders, 2015)
PURPOSE: The Index of Phonological Complexity and the Word Complexity Measure are two measures of the phonological complexity of a word. Other phonological measures such as phonological neighborhood density have been used to compare stuttered versus fluent words. It appears that in preschoolers who stutter, the length and complexity of the utterance is more influential than the phonetic features of the stuttered word. The present hypothesis was that in school-age children who stutter, stuttered words would be more phonologically complex than fluent words, when the length and complexity of the utterance containing them is comparable. School-age speakers who stutter were hypothesized to differ from those with a concomitant language disorder., METHODS: Sixteen speakers, six females and ten males (M age=12;3; Range=7;7 to 19;5) available from an online database, were divided into eight who had a concomitant language disorder (S+LD) and eight age- and sex-matched speakers who did not (S-Only)., RESULTS: When all stuttered content words were identified, S+LD speakers produced more repetitions, and S-Only speakers produced more inaudible sound prolongations. When stuttered content words were matched to fluent content words and when talker groups were combined, stuttered words were significantly (p<=0.01) higher in both the Index of Phonological Complexity and the Word Complexity Measure and lower in density ("sparser") than fluent words., CONCLUSIONS: Results corroborate those of previous researchers. Future research directions are suggested, such as cross-sectional designs to evaluate developmental patterns of phonological complexity and stuttering plus language disordered connections., EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES: The reader will be able to: (a) Define and describe phonological complexity; (b) Define phonological neighborhood density and summarize the literature on the topic; (c) Describe the Index of Phonological Complexity (IPC) for a given word; (d) Describe the Word Complexity Measure (WCM) for a given word; (e) Summarize two findings from the current study and describe how each relates to studies of phonological complexity and fluency disorders. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: *Language; *Linguistics; *Phonetics; *Stuttering; Adolescent; Adult; Article; Child; Concomitant disorders; Female; Humans; Language; Language disorders; Linguistics; Male; Phonetics; Phonological complexity; Schools; Speech; Speech Production Measurement; Stuttering; adolescent; adult; child; controlled study; data base; dept.cmd; female; fluency disorder; human; language; language disability; linguistics; male; phoneme; phonetics; school; school child; speech; speech analysis; stuttering

Development of an audiovisual speech perception app for children with autism spectrum disorders - Irwin, Julia; Preston, Jonathan; Brancazio, Lawrence; D'Angelo, Michael; Turcios, Jacqueline (Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 2015)
Perception of spoken language requires attention to acoustic as well as visible phonetic information. This article reviews the known differences in audiovisual speech perception in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and specifies the need for interventions that address this construct. Elements of an audiovisual training program are described. This researcher-developed program delivered via an iPad app presents natural speech in the context of increasing noise, but supported with a speaking face. Children are cued to attend to visible articulatory information to assist in perception of the spoken words. Data from four children with ASD ages 8-10 are presented showing that the children improved their performance on an untrained auditory speech-in-noise task.
Keywords: Attention; Audiovisual Aids; Audiovisual app; Autism spectrum disorder; Child; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Comprehension; Humans; Lipreading; Male; Mobile Applications; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Phonetics; Semantics; Speech Perception; Speech perception; attention; audiovisual aid; child; comprehension; dept.cmd; dept.hls; dept.psy; human; lip reading; male; mobile application; pattern recognition; phonetics; psychology; semantics; speech perception

Ultrasound visual feedback treatment and practice variability for residual speech sound errors - Preston, Jonathan L.; McCabe, Patricia; Rivera-Campos, Ahmed; Whittle, Jessica L.; Landry, Erik; Maas, Edwin (Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 2014)
Purpose: The goals were to (a) test the efficacy of a motor-learning-based treatment that includes ultrasound visual feedback for individuals with residual speech sound errors and (b) explore whether the addition of prosodic cueing facilitates speech sound learning. Method: A multiple-baseline, single-subject design was used, replicated across 8 participants. For each participant, 1 sound context was treated with ultrasound plus prosodic cueing for 7 sessions, and another sound context was treated with ultrasound but without prosodic cueing for 7 sessions. Sessions included ultrasound visual feedback as well as non-ultrasound treatment. Word-level probes assessing untreated words were used to evaluate retention and generalization. Results: For most participants, increases in accuracy of target sound contexts at the word level were observed with the treatment program regardless of whether prosodic cueing was included. Generalization between onset singletons and clusters was observed, as was generalization to sentence-level accuracy. There was evidence of retention during posttreatment probes, including at a 2-month follow-up. Conclusion: A motor-based treatment program that includes ultrasound visual feedback can facilitate learning of speech sounds in individuals with residual speech sound errors.
Keywords: Child; Cues; Feedback, Sensory; Female; Humans; Male; Phonetics; Speech; Speech Sound Disorder; Speech Therapy; Ultrasonography; Young Adult; association; child; dept.cmd; diagnostic imaging; echography; female; human; male; pathophysiology; phonetics; physiology; procedures; sensory feedback; speech; speech sound disorder; speech therapy; young adult; ⚠️ Invalid DOI

Glutamate and choline levels predict individual differences in reading ability in emergent readers - Pugh, Kenneth R.; Frost, Stephen J.; Rothman, Douglas L.; Hoeft, Fumiko; Tufo, Stephanie N. Del; Mason, Graeme F.; Molfese, Peter J.; Mencl, W. Einar; Grigorenko, Elena L.; Landi, Nicole; Preston, Jonathan L.; Jacobsen, Leslie; et al. (The Journal of Neuroscience, 2014)
Reading disability is a brain-based difficulty in acquiring fluent reading skills that affects significant numbers of children. Although neuroanatomical and neurofunctional networks involved in typical and atypical reading are increasingly well characterized, the underlying neurochemical bases of individual differences in reading development are virtually unknown. The current study is the first to examine neurochemistry in children during the critical period in which the neurocircuits that support skilled reading are still developing. In a longitudinal pediatric sample of emergent readers whose reading indicators range on a continuum from impaired to superior, we examined the relationship between individual differences in reading and reading-related skills and concentrations of neurometabolites measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Both continuous and group analyses revealed that choline and glutamate concentrations were negatively correlated with reading and related linguistic measures in phonology and vocabulary (such that higher concentrations were associated with poorer performance). Correlations with behavioral scores obtained 24 months later reveal stability for the relationship between glutamate and reading performance. Implications for neurodevelopmental models of reading and reading disability are discussed, including possible links of choline and glutamate to white matter anomalies and hyperexcitability. These findings point to new directions for research on gene-brain-behavior pathways in human studies of reading disability. © 2014 the authors.
Keywords: 4 aminobutyric acid; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Child; Choline; Decoding; Dyslexia; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Individual differences; Individuality; Learning; MRS; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phonetics; Phonological processing; Predictive Value of Tests; Reading; Reading disability; Vocabulary; article; behavior; child; choline; decoding; dept.cmd; female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; glutamic acid; human; human experiment; individual differences; language ability; linguistics; male; nerve cell differentiation; nerve excitability; normal human; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; phonetics; phonological processing; priority journal; reading; reading disability; school child; speech

Structural brain differences in school-age children with residual speech sound errors. - Preston, Jonathan L; Molfese, Peter J; Mencl, W Einar; Frost, Stephen J; Hoeft, Fumiko; Fulbright, Robert K; Landi, Nicole; Grigorenko, Elena L; Seki, Ayumi; Felsenfeld, Susan; Pugh, Kenneth R (Brain and Language, 2014)
The purpose of the study was to identify structural brain differences in school-age children with residual speech sound errors. Voxel based morphometry was used to compare gray and white matter volumes for 23 children with speech sound errors, ages 8;6-11;11, and 54 typically speaking children matched on age, oral language, and IQ. We hypothesized that regions associated with production and perception of speech sounds would differ between groups. Results indicated greater gray matter volumes for the speech sound error group relative to typically speaking controls in bilateral superior temporal gyrus. There was greater white matter volume in the corpus callosum for the speech sound error group, but less white matter volume in right lateral occipital gyrus. Results may indicate delays in neuronal pruning in critical speech regions or differences in the development of networks for speech perception and production. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: *Brain/pa [Pathology]; *Language Development Disorders/pa [Pathology]; *Phonetics; *Speech Perception; Brain; Child; Children; Humans; Language Development Disorders; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Phonetics; Speech Perception; Speech sound disorders; Speech sound errors; Structural MRI; article; brain region; brain size; child; clinical article; controlled study; corpus callosum; dept.cmd; female; gray matter; human; male; neuroanatomy; occipital gyrus; school child; speech articulation; speech perception; speech sound disorder; speech sound error; superior temporal gyrus; voxel based morphometry; white matter

Ultrasound visual feedback for acquired apraxia of speech: A case report - Preston, Jonathan L; Leaman, Marion (Aphasiology, 2014)
Background: Individuals with acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) can lose precision of articulatory movements, including the ability to achieve correct production of specific sounds or sound sequences. Novel treatment approaches should be explored to enhance treatment outcomes.Aims: To evaluate the clinical feasibility of ultrasound visual feedback of the tongue for addressing errors on rhotics in a patient with AOS. Ultrasound visual feedback was used to provide knowledge of performance to the participant.Methods & Procedures: A multiple baseline single case report is presented to evaluate a treatment programme that uses visual feedback of the participant's tongue from real-time ultrasound images. A blocked practice schedule was implemented during 12 one-hour therapy sessions; 30 minutes involved ultrasound visual feedback (10 minutes of pre-practice and 20 minutes of practice) and 20 minutes involved non-ultrasound practice. Cues were provided to modify tongue shape to achieve perceptually accurate production of rhotics, along with practice trials with increasing levels of phonetic complexity. The feedback type (verbal knowledge of performance and knowledge of results) and feedback frequency (number of trials with feedback) were structured to adhere to principles of motor learning.Outcomes & Results: The participant demonstrated moderate evidence of acquisition of prevocalic rhotics and strong evidence of acquisition of postvocalic rhotics during treatment. There was evidence of retention and generalisation only for postvocalic rhotics. An untreated context was probed regularly and showed no evidence of improvement.Conclusion: The results provide preliminary support for the feasibility of this treatment approach for improving speech accuracy in adults with acquired AOS. The improvements in stimulability for the treated sound sequences could be used to foster further motor learning. © 2014 © Taylor & Francis Group.
Keywords: Apraxia; Articulation; Clinical feasibility; Feedback; Feedback frequency; Feedback type; Generalisation; Motor learning; Patient treatment; Speech; Ultrasonics; Ultrasound; Ultrasound images; Visual communication; Visual feedback; adult; aphasia; apraxia of speech; article; association; ataxic aphasia; case report; cerebrovascular accident; dept.cmd; error; female; human; knowledge; learning; middle aged; peer-reviewed; phonetics; speech and language assessment; speech language pathologist; tongue; ultrasound; visual analysis; visual feedback; vocalization

Neurophysiology of speech differences in childhood apraxia of speech - Preston, Jonathan L; Molfese, Peter J; Gumkowski, Nina; Sorcinelli, Andrea; Harwood, Vanessa; Irwin, Julia; Landi, Nicole (Developmental Neuropsychology, 2014)
Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during a picture naming task of simple and complex words in children with typical speech and with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Results reveal reduced amplitude prior to speaking complex (multisyllabic) words relative to simple (monosyllabic) words for the CAS group over the right hemisphere during a time window thought to reflect phonological encoding of word forms. Group differences were also observed prior to production of spoken tokens regardless of word complexity during a time window just prior to speech onset (thought to reflect motor planning/programming). Results suggest differences in pre-speech neurolinguistic processes.
Keywords: Adolescent; Apraxias; Child; Evoked Potentials; Female; Humans; Linguistics; Male; Neurophysiology; Speech; adolescent; apraxia; article; child; comparative study; dept.cmd; dept.psy; evoked response; female; human; linguistics; male; neurophysiology; pathophysiology; physiology; speech

A multimodal communication program for aphasia during inpatient rehabilitation: A case study. - Wallace, Sarah E; Purdy, Mary; Skidmore, Elizabeth (NeuroRehabilitation, 2014)
BACKGROUND: Communication is essential for successful rehabilitation, yet few aphasia treatments have been investigated during the acute stroke phase. Alternative modality use including gesturing, writing, or drawing has been shown to increase communicative effectiveness in people with chronic aphasia. Instruction in alternative modality use during acute stroke may increase patient communication and participation, therefore resulting in fewer adverse situations and improved rehabilitation outcomes., OBJECTIVE: The study purpose was to explore a multimodal communication program for aphasia (MCPA) implemented during acute stroke rehabilitation. MCPA aims to improve communication modality production, and to facilitate switching among modalities to resolve communication breakdowns., METHODS: Two adults with severe aphasia completed MCPA beginning at 2 and 3 weeks post onset a single left-hemisphere stroke. Probes completed during each session allowed for evaluation of modality production and modality switching accuracy., RESULTS: Participants completed MCPA (10 and 14 treatment sessions respectively) and their performance on probes suggested increased accuracy in the production of various alternate communication modalities. However, increased switching to an alternate modality was noted for only one participant., CONCLUSIONS: Further investigation of multimodal treatment during inpatient rehabilitation is warranted. In particular, comparisons between multimodal and standard treatments would help determine appropriate interventions for this setting.
Keywords: *Aphasia/px [Psychology]; *Aphasia/rh [Rehabilitation]; *Communication; *Communication Aids for Disabled; *Communication Disorders/px [Psychology]; *Communication Disorders/rh [Rehabilitation]; Aphasia; Article; Communication; Communication Aids for Disabled; Communication Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychomotor Performance; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation; Stroke/co [Complications]; Stroke/px [Psychology]; Treatment Outcome; acute rehabilitation; adult; aphasia; case report; cerebrovascular accident; communication aid; complication; dept.cmd; female; hospital patient; human; interpersonal communication; left hemisphere; male; mental performance; middle aged; multimodal treatment; neuropsychological test; psychological rating scale; psychology; psychomotor performance; rehabilitation care; stroke; treatment outcome

Ultrasound biofeedback treatment for persisting childhood apraxia of speech - Preston, Jonathan L.; Brick, Nickole; Landi, Nicole (American Journal of Speech-language Pathology, 2013)
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a treatment program that includes ultrasound biofeedback for children with persisting speech sound errors associated with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Method: Six children ages 9-15 years participated in a multiple baseline experiment for 18 treatment sessions during which treatment focused on producing sequences involving lingual sounds. Children were cued to modify their tongue movements using visual feedback from real-time ultrasound images. Probe data were collected before, during, and after treatment to assess word-level accuracy for treated and untreated sound sequences. As participants reached preestablished performance criteria, new sequences were introduced into treatment. Results: All participants met the performance criterion (80% accuracy for 2 consecutive sessions) on at least 2 treated sound sequences. Across the 6 participants, performance criterion was met for 23 of 31 treated sequences in an average of 5 sessions. Some participants showed no improvement in untreated sequences, whereas others showed generalization to untreated sequences that were phonetically similar to the treated sequences. Most gains were maintained 2 months after the end of treatment. The percentage of phonemes correct increased significantly from pretreatment to the 2-month follow-up. Conclusion: A treatment program including ultrasound biofeedback is a viable option for improving speech sound accuracy in children with persisting speech sound errors associated with CAS.
Keywords: Adolescent; Apraxias; Articulation; Biofeedback, Psychology; Child; Childhood apraxia of speech; Children; Cues; Efficacy; Feedback, Sensory; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Intervention; Male; Phonetics; Speech; Speech Disorders; Speech Therapy; Speech sound disorders; Tongue; Treatment Outcome; Ultrasonic Therapy; adolescent; apraxia; article; articulation; association; child; childhood apraxia of speech; children; clinical trial; dept.cmd; echography; efficacy; follow up; human; intervention; male; methodology; pathophysiology; phonetics; physiology; psychophysiology; sensory feedback; speech; speech disorder; speech sound disorders; speech therapy; tongue; treatment outcome; ultrasound therapy

Toward improved spectral measures of /s/: results from adolescents - Koenig, Laura L.; Shadle, Christine H.; Preston, Jonathan L.; Mooshammer, Christine R. (Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 2013)
Purpose: This article introduces theoretically driven acoustic measures of /s/ that reflect aerodynamic and articulatory conditions. The measures were evaluated by assessing whether they revealed expected changes over time and labiality effects, along with possible gender differences suggested by past work. Method: Productions of /s/ were extracted from various speaking tasks from typically speaking adolescents (6 boys, 6 girls). Measures were made of relative spectral energies in low-(550-3000 Hz), mid-(3000-7000 Hz), and high-frequency regions (7000-11025 Hz); the mid-frequency amplitude peak; and temporal changes in these parameters. Spectral moments were also obtained to permit comparison with existing work. Results: Spectral balance measures in low-mid and mid-high frequency bands varied over the time course of /s/, capturing the development of sibilance at mid-fricative along with showing some effects of gender and labiality. The mid-frequency spectral peak was significantly higher in nonlabial contexts, and in girls. Temporal variation in the mid-frequency peak differentiated +/- labial contexts while normalizing over gender. Conclusions: The measures showed expected patterns, supporting their validity. Comparison of these data with studies of adults suggests some developmental patterns that call for further study. The measures may also serve to differentiate some cases of typical and misarticulated /s/.
Keywords: Acoustics; Adolescent; Adolescents; Development; Female; Humans; Lip; Male; Phonetics; Reference Values; Sex Characteristics; Speech; Speech Acoustics; Speech production; Verbal Behavior; acoustics; adolescent; adolescents; article; comparative study; dept.cmd; development; female; human; lip; male; phonetics; reference value; sexual development; speech; speech production; verbal behavior

Preschool speech error patterns predict articulation and phonological awareness outcomes in children with histories of speech sound disorders. - Preston, Jonathan L; Hull, Margaret; Edwards, Mary Louise (American journal of speech-language pathology, 2013)
Purpose: To determine if speech error patterns in preschoolers with speech sound disorders (SSDs) predict articulation and phonological awareness (PA) outcomes almost 4 years later. Method: Twenty-five children with histories of preschool SSDs (and normal receptive language) were tested at an average age of 4;6 (years;months) and were followed up at age 8;3. The frequency of occurrence of preschool distortion errors, typical substitution and syllable structure errors, and atypical substitution and syllable structure errors was used to predict later speech sound production, PA, and literacy outcomes. Results: Group averages revealed below-average schoolage articulation scores and low-average PA but ageappropriate reading and spelling. Preschool speech error patterns were related to school-age outcomes. Children for whom >10% of their speech sound errors were atypical had lower PA and literacy scores at school age than children who produced <10% atypical errors. Preschoolers who produced more distortion errors were likely to have lower school-age articulation scores than preschoolers who produced fewer distortion errors. Conclusion: Different preschool speech error patterns predict different school-age clinical outcomes. Many atypical speech sound errors in preschoolers may be indicative of weak phonological representations, leading to long-term PA weaknesses. Preschoolers' distortions may be resistant to change over time, leading to persisting speech sound production problems. © American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.
Keywords: *Articulation Disorders/di [Diagnosis]; *Language Tests; *Phonetics; *Speech; *Speech Articulation Tests; Awareness; Child; Child Language; Child, Preschool; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Language Disorders/di [Diagnosis]; Literacy; Male; Outcomes; Phonological awareness; Predictive Value of Tests; Psycholinguistics; Reading; Speech Production Measurement; Speech Sound Disorder; Speech production; Speech sound disorders; dept.cmd

The relationship between phonological and auditory processing and brain organization in beginning readers - Pugh, Kenneth R.; Landi, Nicole; Preston, Jonathan L.; Mencl, W. Einar; Austin, Alison C.; Sibley, Daragh; Fulbright, Robert K.; Seidenberg, Mark S.; Grigorenko, Elena L.; Constable, R. Todd; Molfese, Peter; Frost, Stephen J. (Brain and Language, 2013)
We employed brain-behavior analyses to explore the relationship between performance on tasks measuring phonological awareness, pseudoword decoding, and rapid auditory processing (all predictors of reading (dis)ability) and brain organization for print and speech in beginning readers. For print-related activation, we observed a shared set of skill-correlated regions, including left hemisphere temporoparietal and occipitotemporal sites, as well as inferior frontal, visual, visual attention, and subcortical components. For speech-related activation, shared variance among reading skill measures was most prominently correlated with activation in left hemisphere inferior frontal gyrus and precuneus. Implications for brain-based models of literacy acquisition are discussed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Awareness; Brain; Brain Mapping; Child; Child, Preschool; Decoding; FMRI; Female; Humans; Individual differences; Male; Phonological awareness; Photic Stimulation; Psychomotor Performance; Rapid auditory processing; Reading; Speech; Speech Perception; Thalamus; Visual Perception; article; attention; child; dept.cmd; female; frontal lobe; hearing; human; human experiment; inferior frontal gyrus; left hemisphere; male; neurophysiology; normal human; occipital lobe; parietal lobe; phonetics; precuneus; preschool child; printing; reading; school child; speech; task performance; temporal lobe; visual cortex; word recognition

Auditory cortical processing in noise in younger and older adults - Mccullagh, Jennifer; Shinn, Jennifer B (Hearing, Balance and Communication, 2013)
Objective: A common clinical complaint among older adults is difficulty hearing in noise, even in those with normal or near-normal peripheral hearing sensitivity. Researchers have demonstrated behavioral hearing in noise deficits in older adults, but to date limited evidence, particularly objective, exists elucidating the effects of age on auditory cortical processing in noise. The purpose of this investigation was to explore age related differences in auditory cortical processing at multiple signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Study design: Twenty normal-hearing young adults and 15 normal-hearing older adults participated in the study. Late auditory evoked potential (N1 and P2) latencies and amplitudes were measured in quiet and at three signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) (+ 20, + 10, and 0 SNR). Repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) were utilized to determine if statistically significant differences existed. Results: Significant group by listening condition interactions existed for N1 and P2 amplitudes. P2 latencies were significantly longer for the older adult group compared to the younger adult group. In addition, N1 and P2 amplitudes were significantly smaller for the younger adult group compared to the older adult group. Conclusion: Results suggest a possibly greater reduction in the synchronous neuronal response from quiet to noisy conditions in older adults than in younger adults. © 2013 Informa Healthcare.
Keywords: Aging; Auditory late potentials; Hearing in noise; N1; P2; dept.cmd; peer-reviewed

Functional brain activation differences in school-age children with speech sound errors: speech and print processing - Preston, Jonathan L.; Felsenfeld, Susan; Frost, Stephen J.; Mencl, W. Einar; Fulbright, Robert K.; Grigorenko, Elena L.; Landi, Nicole; Seki, Ayumi; Pugh, Kenneth R. (Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 2012)
Purpose: To examine neural response to spoken and printed language in children with speech sound errors (SSE). Method: Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare processing of auditorily and visually presented words and pseudowords in 17 children with SSE, ages 8; 6[years; months] through 10; 10, with 17 matched controls. Results: When processing spoken words and pseudowords, the SSE group showed less activation than typically speaking controls in left middle temporal gyrus. They also showed greater activation than controls in several cortical and subcortical regions (e. g., left superior temporal gyrus, globus pallidus, insula, fusiform, and bilateral parietal regions). In response to printed words and pseudowords, children with SSE had greater activation than controls in regions including bilateral fusiform and anterior cingulate. Some differences were found in both speech and print processing that that may be associated with children with SSE failing to show common patterns of task-induced deactivation and/or attentional resource allocation. Conclusion: Compared with controls, children with SSE appear to rely more on several dorsal speech perception regions and less on ventral speech perception regions. When processing print, numerous regions were observed to be activated more for the SSE group than for controls.
Keywords: Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Child; Female; Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); Globus Pallidus; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Language Development Disorders; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Parietal Lobe; Phonetics; Photic Stimulation; Print processing; Reading; Speech; Speech Perception; Speech perception; Speech sound errors; Temporal Lobe; Visual Cortex; article; brain; brain cortex; child; cingulate gyrus; dept.cmd; female; globus pallidus; human; language disability; male; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; parietal lobe; pathophysiology; phonetics; photostimulation; physiology; reading; speech; speech perception; temporal lobe; visual cortex

Auditory cortical processing in noise in normal-hearing young adults - Mccullagh, Jennifer; Musiek, Frank E; Shinn, Jennifer B (Audiological Medicine, 2012)
Objective: The ability to hear in background noise is related to the processing of the incoming acoustic signal in the peripheral auditory system as well as the central auditory nervous system (CANS). Electrophysiological tests have the ability to demonstrate the underlying neural integrity of the CANS, but to date a lack of literature exists demonstrating the effects of background noise on auditory cortical potentials. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to systematically investigate the effects of white noise on tone burst-evoked late auditory evoked potentials (N1, P2, and P3) in normal hearing young adults. Study Design: Twenty young-adult normal-hearing individuals served as subjects. A comparison of the late auditory evoked potentials (N1, P2, and P3) was made at multiple signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) (quiet, + 20, + 10, 0). N1, P2, and P3 were elicited and both amplitude and latency were measured for each of the potentials. A standard oddball paradigm with binaural stimulation was used to evoke the potentials. Repeated Measures Analyses of Variance (ANOVA) were conducted for both the experimental factors of amplitude and latency with within subjects factors of condition (quiet, + 20, + 10, 0). Results: Results indicated no significant differences in N1, P2, or P3 amplitude or latency between the quiet and + 20 SNR condition; however, at poorer SNRs significant N1, P2, and P3 amplitude and/or latency differences were observed. Conclusion: The results indicate a change in higher-order neural function related to the presence of increased noise in the environment. © 2012 Informa Healthcare.
Keywords: Auditory evoked potentials; Central auditory processing; Hearing in noise; Late auditory evoked potentials; N1; P2; P3; Signal to noise ratio; adult; amplitude modulation; article; auditory nervous system; auditory stimulation; central nervous system; controlled study; dept.cmd; electrophysiology; evoked auditory response; female; hearing; human; human experiment; late auditory evoked potential; male; normal human; priority journal; sensory system electrophysiology; signal noise ratio

Searching for Potocki–Lupski syndrome phenotype: A patient with language impairment and no autism - Ercan-Sencicek, A. Gulhan; Wright, Nicole R. Davis; Frost, Stephen J.; Fulbright, Robert K.; Felsenfeld, Susan; Hart, Lesley; Landi, Nicole; Mencl, W. Einar; Sanders, Stephan J.; Pugh, Kenneth R.; State, Matthew W.; Grigorenko, Elena L. (Brain & Development, 2011)
Potocki-Lupski syndrome (PTLS; OMIM 610883) is a genomic syndrome that arises as a result of a duplication of 17p11.2. Although numerous cases of individuals with PTLS have been presented in the literature, its behavioral characterization is still ambiguous. We present a male child with a de novo dup(17)(p11.2p11.2) and he does not possess any autistic features, but is characterized by severe speech and language impairment. In the context of the analyses of this patient and other cases of PTLS, we argue that the central feature of the syndrome appears to be related to diminished speech and language capacity, rather than the specific social deficits central to autism. © 2011.
Keywords: 17p11.2; Autistic Disorder; Child; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17; Humans; Inv(8)(q21.3-q24.1); Language Disorders; Language and speech impairment; Male; Phenotype; Potocki Lupski syndrome; Potocki-Lupski syndrome; Smith-Magenis Syndrome; academic achievement; adaptive behavior; article; case report; child; child development; chromosome 17p; chromosome duplication; clinical feature; dept.cmd; functional magnetic resonance imaging; genetic disorder; human; intelligence; language development; language disability; male; malformation syndrome; school child

Does the post-adoption environment significantly improve the verbal performance of young Russian adoptees - Felsenfeld, Susan; Hart, Lesley; Grigorenko, Elena (Behavior Genetics, 2011)
Keywords: dept.cmd; ⛔ No DOI found

Phonetic variability in residual speech sound disorders exploration of subtypes - Preston, Jonathan L.; Koenig, Laura L. (Topics in Language Disorders, 2011)
Purpose: To explore whether subgroups of children with residual speech sound disorders (R-SSDs) can be identified through multiple measures of token-to-token phonetic variability (changes in one spoken production to the next). Method: Children with R-SSDs were recorded during a rapid multisyllabic picture naming task and an oral diadochokinetic task. Transcription-based and acoustic measures of token-to-token variability were derived. Articulation accuracy and general indices of language skills were measured as well. Results: Low correlations were observed between transcription-based and acoustic measures of phonetic variability, and among the acoustic measures themselves. Children who were the most variable on one measure were not necessarily highly variable on other measures. Transcription-based measures of variability were associated with language skills. Conclusions: Measures of phonetic variability did not identify children in the sample as consistently high or low. Data do not support the notion that clear subgroups based on phonetic variability can be reliably identified in children with R-SSDs. The link between highly variable phonetic output (quantified by transcription-based measures) and lower language skills requires further exploration.
Keywords: acoustic analysis; dept.cmd; phonetic variability; residual speech sound disorders

Identifying residual speech sound disorders in bilingual children: A japanese-english case study - Preston, Jonathan L.; Seki, Ayumi (American Journal of Speech-language Pathology, 2011)
Purpose: To describe (a) the assessment of residual speech sound disorders (SSDs) in bilinguals by distinguishing speech patterns associated with second language acquisition from patterns associated with misarticulations and (b) how assessment of domains such as speech motor control and phonological awareness can provide a more complete understanding of SSDs in bilinguals. Method: A review of Japanese phonology is provided to offer a context for understanding the transfer of Japanese to English productions. A case study of an 11-year-old is presented, demonstrating parallel speech assessments in English and Japanese. Speech motor and phonological awareness tasks were conducted in both languages. Results: Several patterns were observed in the participant's English that could be plausibly explained by the influence of Japanese phonology. However, errors indicating a residual SSD were observed in both Japanese and English. A speech motor assessment suggested possible speech motor control problems, and phonological awareness was judged to be within the typical range of performance in both languages. Conclusion: Understanding the phonological characteristics of the native language can help clinicians recognize speech patterns in the second language associated with transfer. Once these differences are understood, patterns associated with a residual SSD can be identified. Supplementing a relational speech analysis with measures of speech motor control and phonological awareness can provide a more comprehensive understanding of a client's strengths and needs.
Keywords: Articulation; Assessment; Bilingualism; Residual speech sound disorders; Speech motor control; dept.cmd

Change in pragmatic language in infant-toddlers with autism spectrum disorder: A retrospective study - Buckingham, Mallory; Newman, Diana B (Perspectives on Language Learning and Education, 2011)
Keywords: dept.cmd

Attentional regulation in young twins with probable stuttering, high nonfluency, and typical fluency. - Felsenfeld, Susan; van Beijsterveldt, Catharina Eugenie Maria; Boomsma, Dorret Irene (Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2010)
PURPOSE: Using a sample of 20,445 Dutch twins, this study examined the relationship between speech fluency and attentional regulation in children. A secondary objective was to identify etiological overlap between nonfluency and poor attention using fluency-discordant twin pairs., METHOD: Three fluency groups were created at age 5 using a parent questionnaire: (a) probable stuttering (PS; N=826; 4.0%), highly nonfluent (HNF; N=547; 2.7%), and typically fluent (TF; N=19,072; 93%). Multiple scales assessing attention, primarily self-regulation/inhibition, were obtained from both parents when children were ages 5 and 7 and from teachers when children were age 7., RESULTS: When compared with the TF controls, both the PS and HNF children received higher (i.e., more problematic) scores on parental attention ratings at both ages (p<.002). Effect sizes were moderate for both groups. Teacher and parent ratings were generally comparable. The discordant co-twin analyses suggested that nonfluency and attention were influenced by potentially overlapping genetic and shared environmental factors., CONCLUSIONS: The liability to express both high nonfluency and problems with self-regulation/inhibition may arise from a common set of pathogenic mechanisms. This supports emerging models of stuttering, which propose that poor fluency may be part of a broader network of impaired self-regulatory processes.
Keywords: *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/co [Complications]; *Attention/ph [Physiology]; *Executive Function/ph [Physiology]; *Speech/ph [Physiology]; *Stuttering/co [Complications]; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/px [Psychology]; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Diseases in Twins; Executive Function; Female; Humans; Inhibition (Psychology); Inhibition, Psychological; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Nonfluency; Reference Values; Self Efficacy; Speech; Speech Production Measurement; Stuttering; Stuttering/pp [Physiopathology]; Stuttering/px [Psychology]; Twins; article; attention; attention deficit disorder; case control study; child; cohort analysis; comparative study; dept.cmd; executive function; female; human; inhibition (psychology); longitudinal study; male; pathophysiology; physiology; preschool child; psychological aspect; reference value; self concept; speech; speech analysis; stuttering; twins; ⚠️ Invalid DOI

Impact of chromosome 4p-Syndrome on communication and expressive language skills: A preliminary investigation - Marshall, Althea T (Language, speech, and hearing services in schools, 2010)
PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the impact of Chromosome 4p- syndrome on the communication and expressive language phenotype of a large cross-cultural population of children, adolescents, and adults., METHOD: A large-scale survey study was conducted and a descriptive research design was used to analyze quantitative and qualitative data regarding the communication and expressive language manifestations of 200 children, youth, and adults from 16 countries and Puerto Rico who had been diagnosed with 4p conditions, including Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS), Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome (PRDS), Proximal 4p Deletion syndrome, and complex chromosomal rearrangements associated with 4p-., RESULTS: Individuals with Chromosome 4p- syndrome represent a heterogeneous population with complex phenotypic profiles. The majority of the participants exhibited communication and expressive language skills below the 36-month developmental functioning level. A relatively small cohort of the study population exhibited advanced expressive language skills, a finding not reported in the professional literature., CONCLUSION: Results broaden the spectrum of expressive language skills associated with Chromosome 4p- syndrome and highlight the communication potential of a subset of individuals with 4p abnormalities for development of advanced language structures. It is hypothesized that the largest 4p deletion, which includes the 4p16.3 band and contiguous gene regions, results in the most severely affected expressive language phenotype.
Keywords: *Chromosome Disorders/ge [Genetics]; *Chromosome Disorders/px [Psychology]; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4; *Communication; *Language; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromosome Disorders; Chromosome Disorders/co [Complications]; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4; Cohort Studies; Communication; Communication Disorders; Communication Disorders/co [Complications]; Communication Disorders/ge [Genetics]; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Developmental disabilities; Female; Genetics; Humans; Infant; Language; Male; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Syndrome; Wolf Hirschhorn syndrome; Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome; Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome/co [Complications]; Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome/ge [Genetics]; Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome/px [Psychology]; Young Adult; adolescent; adult; article; child; chromosome 4; chromosome disorder; cohort analysis; communication disorder; complication; cultural factor; dept.cmd; female; genetics; human; infant; interpersonal communication; language; male; middle aged; phenotype; preschool child; psychological aspect; psychology; syndrome; young adult

The handbook of language and speech disorders - delayed language development in preschool children - Weiss, Deborah; Paul, Rhea (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010)
Keywords: dept.cmd

Bivariate genetic analyses of stuttering and nonfluency in a large sample of 5-Year-Old twins - Beijsterveldt, Catharina Eugenie Maria Van; Felsenfeld, Susan; Boomsma, Dorret I (Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 2010)
Purpose: Behavioral genetic studies of speech fluency have focused on participants who present with clinical stuttering. Knowledge about genetic influences on the development and regulation of normal speech fluency is limited. The primary aims of this study were to identify the heritability of stuttering and high nonfluency and to assess the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the correlation between these 2 fluency phenotypes. Method: Information on 6 specific speech fluency behaviors was obtained by maternal report for over 10,500 5-year-old Dutch twin pairs. Results: Genetic analyses revealed that both fluency phenotypes were moderately heritable, with heritability estimates of 42% and 45% for probable stuttering and high nonfluency, respectively. Shared environmental factors were also significant, explaining 44% of the individual differences in probable stuttering and 32% in nonfluency. For both phenotypes, the magnitude of the genetic and environmental influences did not differ between boys and girls. The overlap between the 2 traits was substantial (tetrachoric correlation was .72). A bivariate genetic analysis showed that this overlap was due to both overlapping genetic and environmental influences. Conclusions: These findings provide a foundation to justify further studies in normal fluency control, a scientific area that has received little cross-disciplinary attention.
Keywords: Child Language; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Environment; Female; Heritability; Humans; Male; Models, Genetic; Multivariate Analysis; Netherlands; Nonfluency; Phenotype; Probability; Questionnaires; Sex Factors; Speech Disorders; Stuttering; Twins; Twins, Dizygotic; Twins, Monozygotic; article; biological model; cohort analysis; dept.cmd; dizygotic twins; environment; female; genetics; human; language development; male; monozygotic twins; multivariate analysis; phenotype; preschool child; probability; questionnaire; sex difference; speech disorder; stuttering; twins

Impact and implications of word-finding difficulties in adolescents on listening comprehension assessment - Newman, Diana B (Communication Disorders Quarterly, 2010)
This investigation examined the listening comprehension (LC) performance of two groups of adolescent struggling readers, one group with word-finding difficulties (WFD) and one with no word-finding difficulties (NWFD). Of interest was whether the expressive language difficulties of the WFD group would interfere with their success on a LC assessment that requires oral responses to complete. Findings indicated that whereas the performance of the WFD group was comparable with the NWFD group when LC was measured using a multiple-choice response format, their performance was significantly poorer when LC was measured using an open-ended verbal response format, suggesting that learners' WFD could interfere with their success on such assessments. Practical implications of these findings for the assessment of LC as part of adolescents' reading evaluations are discussed. © 2010 Hammill Institute on Disabilities.
Keywords: adolescent; article; child; comprehension; controlled study; dept.cmd; human; language disability; listening comprehension; mental performance; multiple choice test; priority journal; reading; reading assessments; school child; task performance; word finding difficulty; word recognition; word-finding

Factors influencing AAC usage by individuals with aphasia - Purdy, Mary; Dietz, Aimee (Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 2010)
Keywords: dept.cmd

Delayed Language Development in Preschool Children - Weiss, Deborah; Paul, Rhea (The Handbook of Language and Speech Disorders, 2010)
Keywords: "delayed language development" (DLD); "specific language impairment" (SLI); Delayed language development in preschool children; Developing language stage; Intervention for children with DLD; Language development and departure from typical acquisition in preschool children; Linguistic Characteristics of Children with DLD; Speech disorders; Language disorders; Communicative disorders; Speech-language pathologist (SLP)-primarily because their speech contains frequent articulation errors; Targets for vocabulary training for preschoolers with DLD; delayed language development in preschool children; dept.cmd; developing language stage; faculty_collection; intervention for children with DLD; language development and departure from typical acquisition in preschool children; speech-language pathologist (SLP) - primarily because their speech contains frequent articulation errors; targets for vocabulary training for preschoolers with DLD; “delayed language development” (DLD); “specific language impairment” (SLI)

Microwave synthesis of 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles catalyzed by bismuth chloride in water - Coca, Adiel; Feinn, Liana; Dudley, Joshua (Synthetic Communications, 2015)
(Chemical Equation Presented). Bismuth chloride was used to catalyze the [2 + 3] cycloaddition between sodium azide with aryl nitriles, aliphatic nitriles, and vinyl nitriles. A number of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles were synthesized in water or isopropanol/water mixtures using microwave heating. Good yields were obtained for these reactions when heated for 1 h at 120-160°C in a 3:1 isopropanol/water mixture. A few of the less reactive nitriles required longer reaction times for good yields. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Keywords: 2 propanol; 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles; Article; Bismuth chloride; [2+3] cycloaddition; acidification; bismuth derivative; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; catalyst; chloride; cycloaddition; dept.che; micro-wave; microwave cooking; microwave radiation; nitrile; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; reaction time; sodium azide; solubility; synthesis; tetrazole derivative; vinyl derivative; water

Preparation of 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles catalyzed by scandium triflate in water - Coca, Adiel; Turek, Evan; Feinn, Liana (Synthetic Communications, 2015)
Several 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles were prepared in water or isopropanol/water mixtures using microwave heating. Good yields were obtained for the [2 + 3] cycloaddition of sodium azide with aryl nitriles, aliphatic nitriles, and vinyl nitriles when catalyzed by scandium triflate. The reactions were typically heated for 1 h at 160 °C in a 3:1 isopropanol/water mixture to obtain the best yields. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Keywords: 2 propanol; 5-substituted 1 H-tetrazoles; Article; [2 + 3] Cycloaddition; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; catalyst; controlled study; cycloaddition; dept.che; electron; infrared spectroscopy; microwave; microwave radiation; nitrile; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; reaction time; scandium; scandium triflate; sodium azide; substitution reaction; synthesis; temperature; tetrazole derivative; thin layer chromatography; trifluoromethanesulfonic acid; vinyl derivative; water

The role of gender in grade perception in chemistry courses - Karatjas, Andrew; Webb, Jeffrey (Journal of College Science Teaching, 2015)
Keywords: dept.che

Multiple-choice testing using immediate feedback-assessment technique (IF AT®) forms: second-chance guessing vs. second-chance learning? - Merrel, Jeremy D; Cirillo, Pier F; Schwartz, Pauline M; Webb, Jeffrey A (Higher Education Studies, 2015)
Keywords: dept.che

Synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles catalyzed by ytterbium triflate hydrate - Coca, Adiel; Turek, Evan (Tetrahedron Letters, 2014)
Various 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles were synthesized from aryl nitriles, alkyl nitriles, and vinyl nitriles reacting with sodium azide. The tetrazoles were recovered in high yield under mild conditions when the reaction was catalyzed by ytterbium triflate hydrate in dimethylformamide. Other rare-earth and post-transition metal catalysts were also investigated. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: 5-Substituted 1H-tetrazoles; Article; Lewis acid; Nitriles; Ytterbium triflate; article; catalysis; catalyst; cyclization; cycloaddition; dept.che; drug synthesis; electron; n,n dimethylformamide; nitrile; sodium azide; substitution reaction; tetrazole derivative; transition element; trifluoromethanesulfonic acid; unclassified drug; ytterbium; ytterbium triflate hydrate

Comparing college students' self-assessment of knowledge in organic chemistry to their actual performance - Karatjas, Andrew G. (Journal of Chemical Education, 2013)
Student self-assessment surveys were used to assess student study methods in organic chemistry courses. Surveys were given after examinations in the courses. Students that performed well on exams accurately predicted their exam scores. Students that did poorly were significantly off in their expectations.
Keywords: Chemical Education Research; Learning Theories; Organic Chemistry; Second-Year Undergraduate; Student-Centered Learning; Testing/Assessment; dept.che; peer-reviewed

Biochemical Evidence for a Putative Inositol 1,3,4,5-Tetrakisphosphate Receptor in the Olfactory System of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). - Pang, Jiongdong; Rhoads, Dennis E (Neuroscience journal, 2013)
Olfactory receptor neurons in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) appear to use a phosphoinositide-directed phospholipase C (PLC) in odorant signal transduction. The consequences of odor-activated PLC depend on its product, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Therefore, a plasma membrane rich (PMR) fraction, previously characterized from salmon olfactory rosettes, was used to study binding sites for IP3 and its phosphorylation product, inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (IP4). Binding sites for IP3 were present at the lower limit for detection in the PMR fraction but were abundant in a microsomal fraction. Binding sites for IP4 were abundant in the PMR fraction and thus colocalized in the same subcellular fraction with odorant receptors for amino acids and bile acids. Binding of IP4 was saturable and high affinity (K d = 83 nM). The rank order for potency of inhibition of IP4 by other inositol polyphosphates (InsP x ) followed the phosphorylation number with InsP6 > InsP5 > other InsP4 isomers > InsP3 isomers > InsP2 isomers, with the latter showing no activity. The consequences of PLC activity in this system may be dictated in part by a putative receptor for IP4.
Keywords: dept.che

Interference-corrected explicitly-correlated second-order perturbation theory - Vogiatzis, Konstantinos D.; Barnes, Ericka C.; Klopper, Wim (Chemical Physics Letters, 2011)
In the complete-basis-set (CBS) model chemistries, an interference correction is added to the total energy. It is added because the CBS-type extrapolation to the basis-set limit of second-order Møller–Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory usually overestimates the magnitude of the basis-set truncation error at higher levels of electron-correlation treatment. In this Letter, the question is pursued whether the CBS-type interference correction could also improve the computational results when the MP2 basis set limit is approached by means of explicitly-correlated MP2 theory using Slater-type geminals.
Keywords: dept.che

A research methodology for studying what makes some problems difficult to solve - Gulacar, Ozcan; Fynewever, Herb (International Journal of Science Education, 2010)
We present a quantitative model for predicting the level of difficulty subjects will experience with specific problems. The model explicitly accounts for the number of subproblems a problem can be broken into and the difficultly of each subproblem. Although the model builds on previously published models, it is uniquely suited for blending with qualitative methods for the study of problem-solving processes rather than being limited to examination of final answers only. We illustrate the usefulness of the model by analysing the written solutions and think-aloud protocols of 17 subjects engaged with 25 chemical stoichiometry problems. We find that familiar themes for subject difficulty are revealed, including mapping of surface features, lack of interconnected knowledge hierarchy, and algorithmic operations at the expense of conceptual understanding.
Keywords: Chemistry education; Qualitative research; Quantitative research; Reasoning; Science education; dept.che

Increased autism incidence: is there a single cause? - Crawford, Sarah (Journal of Child and Adolescent Behavior, 2016)
Keywords: dept.bio

Rhizosphere microbiome selection by Epichloë endophytes of Festuca arundinacea - Roberts, Elizabeth Lewis; Ferraro, Aileen (Plant and Soil, 2015)
Aims: Loline alkaloids produced by Epichloë spp. are known to deter feeding by insect herbivores while also serving as a significant carbon source for certain epiphytic bacteria on tall fescue leaves. In this study we examined the role of loline alkaloids in attracting certain bacteria to the rhizosphere of tall fescue plants that harbor loline producing fungal endophytes. Methods: Population studies were used to compare the fitness of known loline catabolizing strains to other rhizosphere bacteria. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA fragments compared the composition of bacterial communities inhabiting the endophyte infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) rhizosphere to those of endophyte free fescue plants. Results: Rhizosphere population studies demonstrated that loline catabolizing strains Burkholderia ambifaria 7R and Pseudomonas aureofaciens outcompete and suppress the growth of non-loline catabolizing strains. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA fragments showed greater percentages of certain plant growth promoting bacteria in rhizosperes seeded with B. ambifaria 7R than non-inoculated soils. Rhizospheres of endophyte infected plants showed higher species richness (Shannon diversity index = 4.03) over endophyte free rhizospheres (Shannon diversity index = 3.08) and a greater percentage of Firmicutes. Conclusions: The differences in microbial community composition between endophyte-infected and endophyte-free rhizospheres suggest that the presence of fungal endophytes influences microbial community structure. Loline alkaloid production may be one proxy by which the fungal endophyte shapes microbial communities, as evidenced by increased fitness of loline catabolizing bacteria in the tall fescue rhizosphere. © 2015, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
Keywords: Bacteria (microorganisms); Burkholderia ambifaria; Endophyte; Epichloë spp; Festuca arundinacea; Firmicutes; Hexapoda; Loline alkaloids; Pseudomonas chlororaphis; Tall fescue; alkaloid; antifeedant; bacterium; community structure; dept.bio; diversity index; endophyte; fitness; fungus; grass; insect; microbial community; microorganism; rhizosphere; species richness

Designing a broad-spectrum integrative approach for cancer prevention and treatment. - Block, Keith I; Gyllenhaal, Charlotte; Lowe, Leroy; Amedei, Amedeo; Amin, A R M Ruhul; Amin, Amr; Aquilano, Katia; Arbiser, Jack; Arreola, Alexandra; Arzumanyan, Alla; Ashraf, S Salman; Azmi, Asfar S; et al. (Seminars in Cancer Biology, 2015)
Targeted therapies and the consequent adoption of "personalized" oncology have achieved notable successes in some cancers; however, significant problems remain with this approach. Many targeted therapies are highly toxic, costs are extremely high, and most patients experience relapse after a few disease-free months. Relapses arise from genetic heterogeneity in tumors, which harbor therapy-resistant immortalized cells that have adopted alternate and compensatory pathways (i.e., pathways that are not reliant upon the same mechanisms as those which have been targeted). To address these limitations, an international task force of 180 scientists was assembled to explore the concept of a low-toxicity "broad-spectrum" therapeutic approach that could simultaneously target many key pathways and mechanisms. Using cancer hallmark phenotypes and the tumor microenvironment to account for the various aspects of relevant cancer biology, interdisciplinary teams reviewed each hallmark area and nominated a wide range of high-priority targets (74 in total) that could be modified to improve patient outcomes. For these targets, corresponding low-toxicity therapeutic approaches were then suggested, many of which were phytochemicals. Proposed actions on each target and all of the approaches were further reviewed for known effects on other hallmark areas and the tumor microenvironment. Potential contrary or procarcinogenic effects were found for 3.9% of the relationships between targets and hallmarks, and mixed evidence of complementary and contrary relationships was found for 7.1%. Approximately 67% of the relationships revealed potentially complementary effects, and the remainder had no known relationship. Among the approaches, 1.1% had contrary, 2.8% had mixed and 62.1% had complementary relationships. These results suggest that a broad-spectrum approach should be feasible from a safety standpoint. This novel approach has potential to be relatively inexpensive, it should help us address stages and types of cancer that lack conventional treatment, and it may reduce relapse risks. A proposed agenda for future research is offered. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Keywords: *Genetic Heterogeneity; *Molecular Targeted Therapy; *Neoplasms/th [Therapy]; *Precision Medicine; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/tu [Therapeutic Use]; Cancer hallmarks; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/ge [Genetics]; Genetic Heterogeneity; Humans; Integrative medicine; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Multi-targeted; Neoplasms; Neoplasms/ge [Genetics]; Neoplasms/pa [Pathology]; Neoplasms/pc [Prevention & Control]; Phytochemicals; Precision Medicine; Review; Signal Transduction; Targeted therapy; Tumor Microenvironment; Tumor Microenvironment/ge [Genetics]; anthocyanin; antineoplastic activity; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis; belinostat; berberine; breast cancer; cancer prevention; cancer therapy; cell immortalization; colorectal cancer; curcumin; deguelin; dept.bio; dietary intake; dinaciclib; drug cost; drug efficacy; drug resistance; drug safety; drug targeting; enterolactone; epigallocatechin gallate; gamma linolenic acid; genetic heterogeneity; genetics; genistein; genomic instability; gossypol; human; icosapentaenoic acid; imetelstat; inflammation; integrative medicine; interdisciplinary communication; kaempferol; luteolin; lycopene; melatonin; metastasis; metastasis inhibition; molecularly targeted therapy; naringenin; natural product; nonhuman; palbociclib; patent; pathology; perillyl alcohol; personalized medicine; phenotype; phytochemistry; recurrence risk; resveratrol; risk reduction; romidepsin; selinexor; signal transduction; silibinin; soybean; triptolide; tumor escape; tumor invasion; tumor microenvironment; tumor vascularization; unindexed drug; vorinostat; withaferin A; zerumbone

Cancer prevention and therapy through the modulation of the tumor microenvironment. - Casey, Stephanie C; Amedei, Amedeo; Aquilano, Katia; Azmi, Asfar S; Benencia, Fabian; Bhakta, Dipita; Bilsland, Alan E; Boosani, Chandra S; Chen, Sophie; Ciriolo, Maria Rosa; Crawford, Sarah; Fujii, Hiromasa; et al. (Seminars in Cancer Biology, 2015)
Cancer arises in the context of an in vivo tumor microenvironment. This microenvironment is both a cause and consequence of tumorigenesis. Tumor and host cells co-evolve dynamically through indirect and direct cellular interactions, eliciting multiscale effects on many biological programs, including cellular proliferation, growth, and metabolism, as well as angiogenesis and hypoxia and innate and adaptive immunity. Here we highlight specific biological processes that could be exploited as targets for the prevention and therapy of cancer. Specifically, we describe how inhibition of targets such as cholesterol synthesis and metabolites, reactive oxygen species and hypoxia, macrophage activation and conversion, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase regulation of dendritic cells, vascular endothelial growth factor regulation of angiogenesis, fibrosis inhibition, endoglin, and Janus kinase signaling emerge as examples of important potential nexuses in the regulation of tumorigenesis and the tumor microenvironment that can be targeted. We have also identified therapeutic agents as approaches, in particular natural products such as berberine, resveratrol, onionin A, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, curcumin, naringenin, desoxyrhapontigenin, piperine, and zerumbone, that may warrant further investigation to target the tumor microenvironment for the treatment and/or prevention of cancer. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: *Carcinogenesis/de [Drug Effects]; *Neoplasms/dt [Drug Therapy]; *Neovascularization, Pathologic/dt [Drug Therapy]; *Tumor Microenvironment/ge [Genetics]; 5 chloro n2 [1 (5 fluoro 2 pyrimidinyl)ethyl] n4 (5 methyl 1h pyrazol 3 yl) 2,4 pyrimidinediamine; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use]; Cancer biology; Cancer prevention; Cancer therapy; Carcinogenesis; Carcinogenesis/ge [Genetics]; Cell Proliferation; Cell Proliferation/de [Drug Effects]; Humans; Janus kinase; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasms; Neoplasms/ge [Genetics]; Neoplasms/pc [Prevention & Control]; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Neovascularization, Pathologic/ge [Genetics]; Neovascularization, Pathologic/pc [Prevention & Control]; Review; Signal Transduction; Tumor Microenvironment; Tumor Microenvironment/de [Drug Effects]; Tumor microenvironment; antiinflammatory activity; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant activity; antiproliferative activity; apoptosis; bacterial infection; berberine; bevacizumab; cancer prevention; cancer therapy; candidiasis; carcinogenesis; cell proliferation; cholesterol synthesis; cisplatin; colorectal cancer; curcumin; cytokine production; dendritic cell; dept.bio; desoxyrhapontigenin; drug cytotoxicity; drug effects; drug potentiation; drug structure; drug targeting; endoglin; epigallocatechin gallate; fatty liver; fibrosis; genetics; genistein; genomic instability; glioblastoma; human; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor; hypercholesterolemia; hyperlipidemia; hypoxia; indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase; interleukin 6; kidney cancer; liver cancer; liver cell carcinoma; lung cancer; lung metastasis; macrophage activation; metastasis inhibition; molecularly targeted therapy; mycosis; naringenin; natural product; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; nonhuman; obesity; oncogene; onionin A; paclitaxel; pancreas tumor; parasitosis; piperine; reactive oxygen metabolite; resveratrol; signal transduction; sorafenib; stomach cancer; sunitinib; tamoxifen; tumor associated leukocyte; tumor escape; tumor invasion; tumor microenvironment

On the origins of autism: The Quantitative Threshold Exposure hypothesis. - Crawford, S (Medical hypotheses, 2015)
The Quantitative Threshold Exposure (QTE) hypothesis is a multifactorial threshold model that accounts for the cumulative effects of risk factor exposure in both the causation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its dramatic increase over the past 30 years. The QTE hypothesis proposes that ASD is triggered by the cumulative effects of high-level exposure to endogenous and environmental factors that act as antigens to impair normal immune system (IS) and associated central nervous system (CNS) functions during critical developmental stages. The quantitative threshold parameters that comprise a cumulative risk for the development of ASD are identified by the assessment of documented epidemiological factors that, in sum, determine the likelihood that ASD will occur as a result of their effects on critically integrated IS and CNS pathways active during prenatal, neo-natal and early childhood brain maturation. The model proposes an explanation for the relationship between critical developmental stages of brain/immune system development in conjunction with the quantitative effects of genetic and environmental risk factors that may interface with these critical developmental windows. This model may be useful even when the individual contributions of specific risk factors cannot be quantified, as it proposes that the combined quantitative level of exposure to risk factors for ASD rather than exposure to any one risk factor per se defines threshold occurrence rates. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: *Autistic Disorder/ep [Epidemiology]; *Environmental Exposure/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]; *Epidemiologic Methods; *Risk Assessment/mt [Methods]; *Threshold Limit Values; 5 HTT gene; 5 hydroxytryptophan; Article; Autistic Disorder; Causality; DNA polymorphism; Environmental Exposure; Epidemiologic Methods; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Incidence; RLN gene; Risk Assessment; Threshold Limit Values; autism; autoimmune disease; brain dysfunction; brain maturation; cannabinoid 1 receptor; cannabinoid 2 receptor; cannabis use; central nervous system function; childhood disease; childhood feeding; copy number variation; dept.bio; developmental stage; disease association; disease severity; environmental exposure; environmental factor; epidemiological data; evidence based medicine; feeding; feeding behavior; genetic association; genetic predisposition; genetic risk; high risk population; human; hypothesis; immunoreactivity; incidence; infant feeding; intrauterine infection; n acetylgalactosaminidase; nervous system development; nonbiological model; nonhuman; pediatric infectious disease; perinatal period; prevalence; procedures; quantitative threshold exposure hypothesis; reelin; risk assessment; risk factor; statistics and numerical data; tetrahydrocannabinol; threshold limit value; threshold model; unclassified drug; unclassified enzyme; vitamin D deficiency

Physiological responses related to increased grain yield under drought in the first biotechnology‐derived drought‐tolerant maize - Nemali, Krishna S; Bonin, Christopher P; Dohleman, Frank G; Stephens, Mike; Reeves, William; Nelson, Donald E; Castiglioni, Paolo; Whitsel, Joy; Sammons, Bernard; Silady, Rebecca A; Anstrom, Donald; Sharp, Robert E; et al. (Plant Cell and Environment, 2015)
Maize (Zea mays ssp. mays L.) is highly susceptible to drought stress. This work focused on whole-plant physiological mechanisms by which a biotechnology-derived maize event expressing bacterial cold shock protein B (CspB), MON 87460, increased grain yield under drought. Plants of MON 87460 and a conventional control (hereafter 'control') were tested in the field under well-watered (WW) and water-limited (WL) treatments imposed during mid-vegetative to mid-reproductive stages during 2009-2011. Across years, average grain yield increased by 6% in MON 87460 compared with control under WL conditions. This was associated with higher soil water content at 0.5 m depth during the treatment phase, increased ear growth, decreased leaf area, leaf dry weight and sap flow rate during silking, increased kernel number and harvest index in MON 87460 than the control. No consistent differences were observed under WW conditions. This indicates that MON 87460 acclimated better under WL conditions than the control by lowering leaf growth which decreased water use during silking, thereby eliciting lower stress under WL conditions. These physiological responses in MON 87460 under WL conditions resulted in increased ear growth during silking, which subsequently increased the kernel number, harvest index and grain yield compared to the control. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Plant, Cell & Environment published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Keywords: *Biotechnology/mt [Methods]; *Droughts; *Zea mays/ph [Physiology]; Bacteria (microorganisms); Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Proteins/ge [Genetics]; Biotechnology; CspB; Droughts; Ear; Edible Grain; Harvest index; Leaf area; Plant Leaves; Plant Leaves/ph [Physiology]; Plants, Genetically Modified; Plants, Genetically Modified/ph [Physiology]; Sap flow; Soil; Soil water content; Soil/ch [Chemistry]; Water use; Yield; Zea mays; acclimation; adaptation; bacterial protein; biotechnology; chemistry; cold-shock protein CspB, Bacteria; crop yield; dept.bio; drought; drought stress; food grain; genetics; index method; leaf area; maize; physiological response; physiology; plant leaf; procedures; protein; sap flow; soil; soil water; tolerance; transgenic plant; water use efficiency

Anti-inflammatory/antioxidant use in long-term maintenance cancer therapy: a new therapeutic approach to disease progression and recurrence. - Crawford, Sarah (Therapeutic advances in medical oncology, 2014)
The chronic, progressive clinical characteristics of many adult solid tumor malignancies suggest that a more effective therapeutic approach to cancer management may require long-term intervention using nontoxic systemic agents that block critical components of abnormal tumor physiology. Two highly promising systemic targets common to the development, progression and recurrence of many common cancers are dysregulated inflammatory and oxidation/reduction (redox) pathways. Compelling clinical data support the use of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents as a therapeutic modality for long-term use in patients diagnosed with several common cancers, including colon cancer and breast cancer. The therapeutic paradigm presented in this paper is the product of a synthesis of what is currently understood about the biological effects of inflammation and oxidative stress that contribute to tumorigenesis, disease progression and recurrence as well as results obtained from research on the use of prophylactics with anti-inflammatory or antioxidant properties in cancer prevention and treatment.
Keywords: anti-inflammatory agents; antiinflammatory agent; antioxidant; antioxidants; axitinib; bevacizumab; bosutinib; breast cancer; cabozantinib; cancer epidemiology; cancer growth; cancer recurrence; cancer therapy; cetuximab; chemoprophylaxis; chemotherapy; colon cancer; crizotinib; dasatinib; dept.bio; erlotinib; everolimus; gefitinib; human; imatinib; inflammation; ipilimumab; lapatinib; long term care; long-term maintenance cancer therapy; meta analysis (topic); nilotinib; nonhuman; oxidative stress; panitumumab; pazopanib; ponatinib; priority journal; randomized controlled trial (topic); reactive oxygen metabolite; regorafenib; review; ruxolitinib; sorafenib; sunitinib; systematic review (topic); temsirolimus; tofacitinib; trastuzumab; trastuzumab emtansine; unindexed drug; vandetanib; vemurafenib

Cluster M mycobacteriophages Bongo, PegLeg, and Rey with unusually large repertoires of tRNA isotypes - Pope, Welkin H; Anders, Kirk R; Baird, Madison A; Bowman, Charles A; Boyle, Michelle M; Broussard, Gregory W; Chow, Tiffany W; Clase, Kari; Cooper, Shannon D; Cornely, Kathleen; Dejong, Randall J; Delesalle, Veronique A; et al. (Journal of Virology, 2014)
Genomic analysis of a large set of phages infecting the common host Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155 shows that they span considerable genetic diversity. There are more than 20 distinct types that lack nucleotide similarity with each other, and there is considerable diversity within most of the groups. Three newly isolated temperate mycobacteriophages, Bongo, PegLeg, and Rey, constitute a new group (cluster M), with the closely related phages Bongo and PegLeg forming subcluster M1 and the more distantly related Rey forming subcluster M2. The clusterMmycobacteriophages have siphoviral morphologies with unusually long tails, are homoimmune, and have larger than average genomes (80.2 to 83.7 kbp). They exhibit a variety of features not previously described in other mycobacteriophages, including noncanonical genome architectures and several unusual sets of conserved repeated sequences suggesting novel regulatory systems for both transcription and translation. In addition to containing transfer-messenger RNA and RtcB-like RNA ligase genes, their genomes encode 21 to 24 tRNA genes encompassing complete or nearly complete sets of isotypes. We predict that these tRNAs are used in late lytic growth, likely compensating for the degradation or inadequacy of host tRNAs. They may represent a complete set of tRNAs necessary for late lytic growth, especially when taken together with the apparent lack of codons in the same late genes that correspond to tRNAs that the genomes of the phages do not obviously encode. © 2014, American Society for Microbiology.
Keywords: Base Composition; Base Sequence; Codon; Conserved Sequence; DNA binding motif; DNA sequence; Gene Order; Genome Size; Genome, Viral; Inverted Repeat Sequences; Lysogeny; Multigene Family; Mycobacteriophages; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Open Reading Frames; Phylogeny; RNA cleavage; RNA degradation; RNA translation; RNA, Transfer; RNA, Viral; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Sequence Alignment; Virion; Virus Assembly; article; controlled study; dept.bio; gene cassette; gene control; gene structure; genetic analysis; genetic transcription; genetic variability; membrane protein; mycobacteriophage; mycobacteriophage Bongo; mycobacteriophage M; mycobacteriophage Pegleg; mycobacteriophage Rey; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; priority journal; protein gp19; protein gp23; protein gp24; protein gp26; protein gp30; protein gp31; protein gp39; single stranded DNA binding protein; tmp gene; transfer RNA; unclassified drug; viral genetics; virus assembly; virus classification; virus immunity; virus morphology

Poster session 1. Target identification & validation - Crawford, S.; Malvy, C. P.; Vauthier, Christine; Bertrand, J. R.; Ramon, A. L.; Winkler, J.; Burgess, L.; Laird, Ellen R.; Weaver, D.; Chantry, David; Hernandez, J. C.; Guerrero, C. A.; et al. (Annals of Oncology, 2013)
Keywords: dept.bio